<num value="5">TITLE 5.</num> <heading>OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22"> <num value="22">CHAPTER 22.</num> <heading>ASSAULTIVE OFFENSES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01"> <num value="22.01">Sec. 22.01.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury, including the person's spouse; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact as offensive or provocative.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed against:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code, if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this chapter, Chapter 19, or Section 20.03, 20.04, 21.11, or 25.11 against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the offense is committed by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of the person by applying pressure to the person's throat or neck or by blocking the person's nose or mouth;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a person who contracts with government to perform a service in a facility as defined by Section 1.07(a)(14), Penal Code, or Section 51.02(13) or (14), Family Code, or an employee of that person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by government to provide the service; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is a security officer while the officer is performing a duty as a security officer;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is emergency services personnel while the person is providing emergency services; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a pregnant individual to force the individual to have an abortion.</content> <continuation>(b-1) Notwithstanding Subsection (b), an offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>while the actor is committed to a civil commitment facility; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>against:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the officer or employee is lawfully discharging an official duty at a civil commitment facility; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty by the officer or employee; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a person who contracts with the state to perform a service in a civil commitment facility or an employee of that person:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by the state to provide the service; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract.</content> </clause> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection as added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 27 (b-2) Notwithstanding Subsection (b)(2), an offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the second degree if: (1) the offense is committed against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; (2) it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this chapter, Chapter 19, or Section 20.03, 20.04, or 21.11 against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; and (3) the offense is committed by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of the person by applying pressure to the person's throat or neck or by blocking the person's nose or mouth. Text of subsection as added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 440 (H.B. 2908), Sec. 3 (b-2) Notwithstanding Subsection (b)(1), an offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the second degree if the offense is committed against a person the actor knows is a peace officer or judge while the officer or judge is lawfully discharging an official duty or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a peace officer or judge. (c) An offense under Subsection (a)(2) or (3) is a Class C misdemeanor, except that the offense is: (1) a Class A misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(3) against an elderly individual or disabled individual, as those terms are defined by Section 22.04; (2) a Class B misdemeanor if the offense is committed by a person who is not a sports participant against a person the actor knows is a sports participant either: (A) while the participant is performing duties or responsibilities in the participant's capacity as a sports participant; or (B) in retaliation for or on account of the participant's performance of a duty or responsibility within the participant's capacity as a sports participant; or (3) a Class A misdemeanor if the offense is committed against a pregnant individual to force the individual to have an abortion. (d) For purposes of Subsection (b), the actor is presumed to have known the person assaulted was a public servant, a security officer, or emergency services personnel if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public servant or status as a security officer or emergency services personnel. (e) In this section: (1) "Emergency services personnel" includes firefighters, emergency medical services personnel as defined by Section 773.003, Health and Safety Code, emergency room personnel, and other individuals who, in the course and scope of employment or as a volunteer, provide services for the benefit of the general public during emergency situations. (2) Repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2005. (3) "Security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section 1702.002, Occupations Code, or a noncommissioned security officer registered under Section 1702.221, Occupations Code. (4) "Sports participant" means a person who participates in any official capacity with respect to an interscholastic, intercollegiate, or other organized amateur or professional athletic competition and includes an athlete, referee, umpire, linesman, coach, instructor, administrator, or staff member. (f) For the purposes of Subsections (b)(2)(A) and (b-2)(2): (1) a defendant has been previously convicted of an offense listed in those subsections committed against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code, if the defendant was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred adjudication, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and the defendant was subsequently discharged from community supervision; and (2) a conviction under the laws of another state for an offense containing elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense listed in those subsections is a conviction of the offense listed. (g) If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or both sections. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., 1st C.S., p. 55, ch. 2, Sec. 12, 13, eff. July 22, 1977; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 260, ch. 135, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 367, ch. 164, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5311, ch. 977, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1052, Sec. 2.08, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 739, Sec. 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, Sec. 284(23) to (26), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 366, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 27.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 659, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 27.01, 31.01(68), eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1158, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 294, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1028, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728 (H.B. 2018), Sec. 16.002, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 623 (H.B. 495), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 623 (H.B. 495), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 427 (H.B. 2066), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 665 (H.B. 2240), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 875 (H.B. 705), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 27, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 440 (H.B. 2908), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 858 (H.B. 2552), Sec. 18, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011"> <num value="22.011">Sec. 22.011.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person by any means, without that person's consent;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of another person by the sexual organ of the actor, without that person's consent; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of another person, without that person's consent, to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child at the time of the offense, the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of a child by any means;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of a child by the sexual organ of the actor;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of a child to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>causes the anus of a child to contact the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>causes the mouth of a child to contact the anus or sexual organ of another person, including the actor.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A sexual assault under Subsection (a)(1) is without the consent of the other person if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by the use of physical force, violence, or coercion;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by threatening to use force or violence against the other person or to cause harm to the other person, and the other person believes that the actor has the present ability to execute the threat;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the other person has not consented and the actor knows the other person is unconscious or physically unable to resist;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor knows that as a result of mental disease or defect the other person is at the time of the sexual assault incapable either of appraising the nature of the act or of resisting it;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>the other person has not consented and the actor knows the other person is unaware that the sexual assault is occurring;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>the actor has intentionally impaired the other person's power to appraise or control the other person's conduct by administering any substance without the other person's knowledge;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by threatening to use force or violence against any person, and the other person believes that the actor has the ability to execute the threat;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>the actor is a public servant who coerces the other person to submit or participate;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>the actor is a mental health services provider or a health care services provider who causes the other person, who is a patient or former patient of the actor, to submit or participate by exploiting the other person's emotional dependency on the actor;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>the actor is a clergyman who causes the other person to submit or participate by exploiting the other person's emotional dependency on the clergyman in the clergyman's professional character as spiritual adviser; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>the actor is an employee of a facility where the other person is a resident, unless the employee and resident are formally or informally married to each other under Chapter 2, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means a person younger than 17 years of age.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Spouse" means a person who is legally married to another.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Health care services provider" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a physician licensed under Subtitle B, Title 3, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a chiropractor licensed under Chapter 201, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a physical therapist licensed under Chapter 453, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a physician assistant licensed under Chapter 204, Occupations Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a registered nurse, a vocational nurse, or an advanced practice nurse licensed under Chapter 301, Occupations Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>"Mental health services provider" means an individual, licensed or unlicensed, who performs or purports to perform mental health services, including a:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>licensed social worker as defined by Section 505.002, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>chemical dependency counselor as defined by Section 504.001, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>licensed professional counselor as defined by Section 503.002, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>licensed marriage and family therapist as defined by Section 502.002, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>member of the clergy;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>psychologist offering psychological services as defined by Section 501.003, Occupations Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>special officer for mental health assignment certified under Section 1701.404, Occupations Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Employee of a facility" means a person who is an employee of a facility defined by Section 250.001, Health and Safety Code, or any other person who provides services for a facility for compensation, including a contract laborer.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2) that the conduct consisted of medical care for the child and did not include any contact between the anus or sexual organ of the child and the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of the actor or a third party.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2):</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>that the actor was the spouse of the child at the time of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor was not more than three years older than the victim and at the time of the offense:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>was not required under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, to register for life as a sex offender; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>was not a person who under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, had a reportable conviction or adjudication for an offense under this section; and</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the victim:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>was a child of 14 years of age or older; and</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>was not a person whom the actor was prohibited from marrying or purporting to marry or with whom the actor was prohibited from living under the appearance of being married under Section 25.01.</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that an offense under this section is a felony of the first degree if the victim was a person whom the actor was prohibited from marrying or purporting to marry or with whom the actor was prohibited from living under the appearance of being married under Section 25.01.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5312, ch. 977, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 557, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1029, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 662, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 273, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1031, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1286, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1102, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1415, Sec. 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.829, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 155, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 528, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 553, Sec. 2.017, eff. Feb. 1, 2004. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 268 (S.B. 6), Sec. 4.02, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 260 (H.B. 549), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 260 (H.B. 549), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 33, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02"> <num value="22.02">Sec. 22.02.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person commits assault as defined in Sec. 22.01 and the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>causes serious bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor uses a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault and causes serious bodily injury to a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>regardless of whether the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2), the offense is committed:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>by a public servant acting under color of the servant's office or employment;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>against a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>in retaliation against or on account of the service of another as a witness, prospective witness, informant, or person who has reported the occurrence of a crime; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>against a person the actor knows is a security officer while the officer is performing a duty as a security officer; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>the actor is in a motor vehicle, as defined by Section 501.002, Transportation Code, and:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>knowingly discharges a firearm at or in the direction of a habitation, building, or vehicle;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is reckless as to whether the habitation, building, or vehicle is occupied; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>in discharging the firearm, causes serious bodily injury to any person.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>The actor is presumed to have known the person assaulted was a public servant or a security officer if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public servant or status as a security officer.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>In this section, "security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section 1702.002, Occupations Code, or a noncommissioned security officer registered under Section 1702.221, Occupations Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 367, ch. 164, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1521, ch. 655, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 349, ch. 79, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5311, ch. 977, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 223, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 18, Sec. 3, eff. April 14, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1101, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 939, Sec. 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 903, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 594 (H.B. 176), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021"> <num value="22.021">Sec. 22.021.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>if the person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person by any means, without that person's consent;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of another person by the sexual organ of the actor, without that person's consent; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of another person, without that person's consent, to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child at the time of the offense, intentionally or knowingly:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of a child by any means;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of a child by the sexual organ of the actor;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of a child to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>causes the anus of a child to contact the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>causes the mouth of a child to contact the anus or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; and</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the person:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes serious bodily injury or attempts to cause the death of the victim or another person in the course of the same criminal episode;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>by acts or words places the victim in fear that any person will become the victim of an offense under Section 20A.02(a)(3), (4), (7), or (8) or that death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping will be imminently inflicted on any person;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>by acts or words occurring in the presence of the victim threatens to cause any person to become the victim of an offense under Section 20A.02(a)(3), (4), (7), or (8) or to cause the death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping of any person;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>uses or exhibits a deadly weapon in the course of the same criminal episode;</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>acts in concert with another who engages in conduct described by Subdivision (1) directed toward the same victim and occurring during the course of the same criminal episode; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/vi"> <num value="vi">(vi)</num> <content>with the intent of facilitating the commission of the offense, administers or provides to the victim of the offense any substance capable of impairing the victim's ability to appraise the nature of the act or to resist the act;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the victim is younger than 14 years of age, regardless of whether the person knows the age of the victim at the time of the offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the victim is an elderly individual or a disabled individual.</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.011(c).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Elderly individual" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.04(c).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Disabled individual" means a person older than 13 years of age who by reason of age or physical or mental disease, defect, or injury is substantially unable to protect the person's self from harm or to provide food, shelter, or medical care for the person's self.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An aggravated sexual assault under this section is without the consent of the other person if the aggravated sexual assault occurs under the same circumstances listed in Section 22.011(b).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>The defense provided by Section 22.011(d) applies to this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>The minimum term of imprisonment for an offense under this section is increased to 25 years if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the victim of the offense is younger than six years of age at the time the offense is committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the victim of the offense is younger than 14 years of age at the time the offense is committed and the actor commits the offense in a manner described by Subsection (a)(2)(A).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5312, ch. 977, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 573, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 16, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1286, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 417, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 459, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 528, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 896, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 1.18, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 6.05, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 784 (H.B. 2589), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 34, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04"> <num value="22.04">Sec. 22.04.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence, by act or intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly by omission, causes to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>serious bodily injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>serious mental deficiency, impairment, or injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>bodily injury.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person commits an offense if the person is an owner, operator, or employee of a group home, nursing facility, assisted living facility, boarding home facility, intermediate care facility for persons with an intellectual or developmental disability, or other institutional care facility and the person intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence by omission causes to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual who is a resident of that group home or facility:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>serious bodily injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>serious mental deficiency, impairment, or injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>bodily injury.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An omission that causes a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3) or (a-1)(1), (2), or (3) is conduct constituting an offense under this section if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor has a legal or statutory duty to act; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor has assumed care, custody, or control of a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means a person 14 years of age or younger.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Elderly individual" means a person 65 years of age or older.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Disabled individual" means a person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>with one or more of the following:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>autism spectrum disorder, as defined by Section 1355.001, Insurance Code;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>developmental disability, as defined by Section 112.042, Human Resources Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>intellectual disability, as defined by Section 591.003, Health and Safety Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>severe emotional disturbance, as defined by Section 261.001, Family Code;</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>traumatic brain injury, as defined by Section 92.001, Health and Safety Code; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/vi"> <num value="vi">(vi)</num> <content>mental illness, as defined by Section 571.003, Health and Safety Code; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>who otherwise by reason of age or physical or mental disease, defect, or injury is substantially unable to protect the person's self from harm or to provide food, shelter, or medical care for the person's self.</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620, Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2011.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of an omission that causes a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3), the actor has assumed care, custody, or control if he has by act, words, or course of conduct acted so as to cause a reasonable person to conclude that he has accepted responsibility for protection, food, shelter, and medical care for a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual. For purposes of an omission that causes a condition described by Subsection (a-1)(1), (2), or (3), the actor acting during the actor's capacity as owner, operator, or employee of a group home or facility described by Subsection (a-1) is considered to have accepted responsibility for protection, food, shelter, and medical care for the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual who is a resident of the group home or facility.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) or (2) or (a-1)(1) or (2) is a felony of the first degree when the conduct is committed intentionally or knowingly. When the conduct is engaged in recklessly, the offense is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(3) or (a-1)(3) is a felony of the third degree when the conduct is committed intentionally or knowingly, except that an offense under Subsection (a)(3) is a felony of the second degree when the conduct is committed intentionally or knowingly and the victim is a disabled individual residing in a center, as defined by Section 555.001, Health and Safety Code, or in a facility licensed under Chapter 252, Health and Safety Code, and the actor is an employee of the center or facility whose employment involved providing direct care for the victim. When the conduct is engaged in recklessly, the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) is a state jail felony when the person acts with criminal negligence. An offense under Subsection (a-1) is a state jail felony when the person, with criminal negligence and by omission, causes a condition described by Subsection (a-1)(1), (2), or (3).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>A person who is subject to prosecution under both this section and another section of this code may be prosecuted under either or both sections. Section 3.04 does not apply to criminal episodes prosecuted under both this section and another section of this code. If a criminal episode is prosecuted under both this section and another section of this code and sentences are assessed for convictions under both sections, the sentences shall run concurrently.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(2) that before the offense the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>notified in person the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual that the actor would no longer provide any of the care described by Subsection (d), and notified in writing the parents or a person, other than the actor, acting in loco parentis to the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual that the actor would no longer provide any of the care described by Subsection (d); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>notified in writing the Department of Family and Protective Services that the actor would no longer provide any of the care described by Subsection (d).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <content>Written notification under Subsection (i)(2) or (i)(3) is not effective unless it contains the name and address of the actor, the name and address of the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual, the type of care provided by the actor, and the date the care was discontinued.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/k"> <num value="k">(k)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the act or omission consisted of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>reasonable medical care occurring under the direction of or by a licensed physician; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>emergency medical care administered in good faith and with reasonable care by a person not licensed in the healing arts.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/l"> <num value="l">(l)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>that the act or omission was based on treatment in accordance with the tenets and practices of a recognized religious method of healing with a generally accepted record of efficacy;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>for a person charged with an act of omission causing to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3) that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>there is no evidence that, on the date prior to the offense charged, the defendant was aware of an incident of injury to the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual and failed to report the incident; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the person:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>was a victim of family violence, as that term is defined by Section 71.004, Family Code, committed by a person who is also charged with an offense against the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual under this section or any other section of this title;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>did not cause a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3); and</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>did not reasonably believe at the time of the omission that an effort to prevent the person also charged with an offense against the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual from committing the offense would have an effect; or</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor was not more than three years older than the victim at the time of the offense; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the victim was a nondisabled or disabled child at the time of the offense.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/m"> <num value="m">(m)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsections (a)(1), (2), and (3) for injury to a disabled individual that the person did not know and could not reasonably have known that the individual was a disabled individual, as defined by Subsection (c), at the time of the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2067, ch. 819, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 365, ch. 162, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 472, ch. 202, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2397, ch. 604, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 357, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 497, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 8.139, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(b), eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 268 (S.B. 6), Sec. 1.125(a), eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 949 (H.B. 1575), Sec. 46, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 284 (S.B. 643), Sec. 38, eff. June 11, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 719 (H.B. 1286), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 719 (H.B. 1286), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 361 (H.B. 3019), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 361 (H.B. 3019), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041"> <num value="22.041">Sec. 22.041.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "abandon" means to leave a child in any place without providing reasonable and necessary care for the child, under circumstances under which no reasonable, similarly situated adult would leave a child of that age and ability.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, having custody, care, or control of a child younger than 15 years, he intentionally abandons the child in any place under circumstances that expose the child to an unreasonable risk of harm.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence, by act or omission, engages in conduct that places a child younger than 15 years in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment.</content> <continuation>(c-1) For purposes of Subsection (c), it is presumed that a person engaged in conduct that places a child in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment if:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person manufactured, possessed, or in any way introduced into the body of any person the controlled substance methamphetamine in the presence of the child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person's conduct related to the proximity or accessibility of the controlled substance methamphetamine to the child and an analysis of a specimen of the child's blood, urine, or other bodily substance indicates the presence of methamphetamine in the child's body; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the person injected, ingested, inhaled, or otherwise introduced a controlled substance listed in Penalty Group 1, Section 481.102, Health and Safety Code, into the human body when the person was not in lawful possession of the substance as defined by Section 481.002(24) of that code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under Subsection (b) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the actor abandoned the child with intent to return for the child; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the actor abandoned the child without intent to return for the child.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the second degree if the actor abandons the child under circumstances that a reasonable person would believe would place the child in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (c) is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (c) that the act or omission enables the child to practice for or participate in an organized athletic event and that appropriate safety equipment and procedures are employed in the event.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section that the actor voluntarily delivered the child to a designated emergency infant care provider under Section 262.302, Family Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 791, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 904, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 687, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1087, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 809, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 282 (H.B. 164), Sec. 10, eff. August 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 840 (H.B. 946), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05"> <num value="22.05">Sec. 22.05.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he recklessly engages in conduct that places another in imminent danger of serious bodily injury.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he knowingly discharges a firearm at or in the direction of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>one or more individuals; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a habitation, building, or vehicle and is reckless as to whether the habitation, building, or vehicle is occupied.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Recklessness and danger are presumed if the actor knowingly pointed a firearm at or in the direction of another whether or not the actor believed the firearm to be loaded.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "building," "habitation," and "vehicle" have the meanings assigned those terms by Section 30.01.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) is a Class A misdemeanor. An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06"> <num value="22.06">Sec. 22.06.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>The victim's effective consent or the actor's reasonable belief that the victim consented to the actor's conduct is a defense to prosecution under Section 22.01 (Assault), 22.02 (Aggravated Assault), or 22.05 (Deadly Conduct) if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the conduct did not threaten or inflict serious bodily injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the victim knew the conduct was a risk of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>his occupation;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>recognized medical treatment; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a scientific experiment conducted by recognized methods.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The defense to prosecution provided by Subsection (a) is not available to a defendant who commits an offense described by Subsection (a) as a condition of the defendant's or the victim's initiation or continued membership in a criminal street gang, as defined by Section 71.01.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 273 (H.B. 184), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07"> <num value="22.07">Sec. 22.07.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he threatens to commit any offense involving violence to any person or property with intent to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>cause a reaction of any type to his threat by an official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>place any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>prevent or interrupt the occupation or use of a building, room, place of assembly, place to which the public has access, place of employment or occupation, aircraft, automobile, or other form of conveyance, or other public place;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>cause impairment or interruption of public communications, public transportation, public water, gas, or power supply or other public service;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>place the public or a substantial group of the public in fear of serious bodily injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>influence the conduct or activities of a branch or agency of the federal government, the state, or a political subdivision of the state.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if the offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is committed against a member of the person's family or household or otherwise constitutes family violence; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is committed against a public servant.</content> <continuation>(c-1) Notwithstanding Subsection (c)(2), an offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a state jail felony if the offense is committed against a person the actor knows is a peace officer or judge.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(3) is a Class A misdemeanor, unless the actor causes pecuniary loss of $1,500 or more to the owner of the building, room, place, or conveyance, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(4), (a)(5), or (a)(6) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Family" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.003, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Family violence" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.004, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Household" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.005, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (d), the amount of pecuniary loss is the amount of economic loss suffered by the owner of the building, room, place, or conveyance as a result of the prevention or interruption of the occupation or use of the building, room, place, or conveyance.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1114, ch. 530, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 139, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 388, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 446, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Reenacted and amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728 (H.B. 2018), Sec. 16.003, eff. September 1, 2005. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 440 (H.B. 2908), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.08"> <num value="22.08">Sec. 22.08.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent to promote or assist the commission of suicide by another, he aids or attempts to aid the other to commit or attempt to commit suicide.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor unless the actor's conduct causes suicide or attempted suicide that results in serious bodily injury, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09"> <num value="22.09">Sec. 22.09.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Consumer Product" means any product offered for sale to or for consumption by the public and includes "food" and "drugs" as those terms are defined in Section 431.002, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Tamper" means to alter or add a foreign substance to a consumer product to make it probable that the consumer product will cause serious bodily injury.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he knowingly or intentionally tampers with a consumer product knowing that the consumer product will be offered for sale to the public or as a gift to another.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he knowingly or intentionally threatens to tamper with a consumer product with the intent to cause fear, to affect the sale of the consumer product, or to cause bodily injury to any person.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the second degree unless a person suffers serious bodily injury, in which event it is a felony of the first degree. An offense under Subsection (c) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2812, ch. 481, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1008, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, Sec. 284(32), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10"> <num value="22.10">Sec. 22.10.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly leaves a child in a motor vehicle for longer than five minutes, knowing that the child is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>younger than seven years of age; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>not attended by an individual in the vehicle who is 14 years of age or older.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1984, 68th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 24, Sec. 1, eff. Oct. 2, 1984. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11"> <num value="22.11">Sec. 22.11.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to assault, harass, or alarm, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>while imprisoned or confined in a correctional or detention facility, causes another person to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>while committed to a civil commitment facility, causes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the officer or employee is lawfully discharging an official duty at a civil commitment facility; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty by the officer or employee; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a person who contracts with the state to perform a service in the facility or an employee of that person to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by the state to provide the service; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract; or</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>causes another person the actor knows to be a public servant to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of the public servant's official power or performance of an official duty.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "correctional or detention facility" means:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a secure correctional facility; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a "secure correctional facility" or a "secure detention facility" as defined by Section 51.02, Family Code, operated by or under contract with a juvenile board or the Texas Juvenile Justice Department or any other facility operated by or under contract with that department.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (a)(3), the actor is presumed to have known the person was a public servant if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public servant.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 335, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 878, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1006, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 543 (H.B. 1095), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 734 (H.B. 1549), Sec. 142, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 28, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 29, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12"> <num value="22.12">Sec. 22.12.</num> <heading></heading> <chapeau>This chapter does not apply to conduct charged as having been committed against an individual who is an unborn child if the conduct is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>committed by the mother of the unborn child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a lawful medical procedure performed by a physician or other health care provider with the requisite consent;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a lawful medical procedure performed by a physician or other licensed health care provider with the requisite consent as part of an assisted reproduction as defined by Section 160.102, Family Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the dispensation of a drug in accordance with law or administration of a drug prescribed in accordance with law.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 822, Sec. 2.04, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter>

<num value="5">TITLE 5.</num> <heading>OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22"> <num value="22">CHAPTER 22.</num> <heading>ASSAULTIVE OFFENSES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01"> <num value="22.01">Sec. 22.01.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury, including the person's spouse; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact as offensive or provocative.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed against:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code, if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this chapter, Chapter 19, or Section 20.03, 20.04, 21.11, or 25.11 against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the offense is committed by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of the person by applying pressure to the person's throat or neck or by blocking the person's nose or mouth;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a person who contracts with government to perform a service in a facility as defined by Section 1.07(a)(14), Penal Code, or Section 51.02(13) or (14), Family Code, or an employee of that person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by government to provide the service; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is a security officer while the officer is performing a duty as a security officer;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is emergency services personnel while the person is providing emergency services; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a pregnant individual to force the individual to have an abortion.</content> <continuation>(b-1) Notwithstanding Subsection (b), an offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>while the actor is committed to a civil commitment facility; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>against:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the officer or employee is lawfully discharging an official duty at a civil commitment facility; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty by the officer or employee; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a person who contracts with the state to perform a service in a civil commitment facility or an employee of that person:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by the state to provide the service; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract.</content> </clause> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection as added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 27 (b-2) Notwithstanding Subsection (b)(2), an offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the second degree if: (1) the offense is committed against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; (2) it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this chapter, Chapter 19, or Section 20.03, 20.04, or 21.11 against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; and (3) the offense is committed by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of the person by applying pressure to the person's throat or neck or by blocking the person's nose or mouth. Text of subsection as added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 440 (H.B. 2908), Sec. 3 (b-2) Notwithstanding Subsection (b)(1), an offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the second degree if the offense is committed against a person the actor knows is a peace officer or judge while the officer or judge is lawfully discharging an official duty or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a peace officer or judge. (c) An offense under Subsection (a)(2) or (3) is a Class C misdemeanor, except that the offense is: (1) a Class A misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(3) against an elderly individual or disabled individual, as those terms are defined by Section 22.04; (2) a Class B misdemeanor if the offense is committed by a person who is not a sports participant against a person the actor knows is a sports participant either: (A) while the participant is performing duties or responsibilities in the participant's capacity as a sports participant; or (B) in retaliation for or on account of the participant's performance of a duty or responsibility within the participant's capacity as a sports participant; or (3) a Class A misdemeanor if the offense is committed against a pregnant individual to force the individual to have an abortion. (d) For purposes of Subsection (b), the actor is presumed to have known the person assaulted was a public servant, a security officer, or emergency services personnel if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public servant or status as a security officer or emergency services personnel. (e) In this section: (1) "Emergency services personnel" includes firefighters, emergency medical services personnel as defined by Section 773.003, Health and Safety Code, emergency room personnel, and other individuals who, in the course and scope of employment or as a volunteer, provide services for the benefit of the general public during emergency situations. (2) Repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., R.S., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2005. (3) "Security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section 1702.002, Occupations Code, or a noncommissioned security officer registered under Section 1702.221, Occupations Code. (4) "Sports participant" means a person who participates in any official capacity with respect to an interscholastic, intercollegiate, or other organized amateur or professional athletic competition and includes an athlete, referee, umpire, linesman, coach, instructor, administrator, or staff member. (f) For the purposes of Subsections (b)(2)(A) and (b-2)(2): (1) a defendant has been previously convicted of an offense listed in those subsections committed against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code, if the defendant was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred adjudication, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and the defendant was subsequently discharged from community supervision; and (2) a conviction under the laws of another state for an offense containing elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense listed in those subsections is a conviction of the offense listed. (g) If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or both sections. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., 1st C.S., p. 55, ch. 2, Sec. 12, 13, eff. July 22, 1977; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 260, ch. 135, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 367, ch. 164, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5311, ch. 977, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1052, Sec. 2.08, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 739, Sec. 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, Sec. 284(23) to (26), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 366, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 27.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 659, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 27.01, 31.01(68), eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1158, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 294, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1028, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728 (H.B. 2018), Sec. 16.002, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 623 (H.B. 495), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 623 (H.B. 495), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 427 (H.B. 2066), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 665 (H.B. 2240), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 875 (H.B. 705), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 27, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 440 (H.B. 2908), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 858 (H.B. 2552), Sec. 18, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011"> <num value="22.011">Sec. 22.011.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person by any means, without that person's consent;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of another person by the sexual organ of the actor, without that person's consent; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of another person, without that person's consent, to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child at the time of the offense, the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of a child by any means;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of a child by the sexual organ of the actor;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of a child to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>causes the anus of a child to contact the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>causes the mouth of a child to contact the anus or sexual organ of another person, including the actor.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A sexual assault under Subsection (a)(1) is without the consent of the other person if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by the use of physical force, violence, or coercion;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by threatening to use force or violence against the other person or to cause harm to the other person, and the other person believes that the actor has the present ability to execute the threat;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the other person has not consented and the actor knows the other person is unconscious or physically unable to resist;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor knows that as a result of mental disease or defect the other person is at the time of the sexual assault incapable either of appraising the nature of the act or of resisting it;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>the other person has not consented and the actor knows the other person is unaware that the sexual assault is occurring;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>the actor has intentionally impaired the other person's power to appraise or control the other person's conduct by administering any substance without the other person's knowledge;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by threatening to use force or violence against any person, and the other person believes that the actor has the ability to execute the threat;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>the actor is a public servant who coerces the other person to submit or participate;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>the actor is a mental health services provider or a health care services provider who causes the other person, who is a patient or former patient of the actor, to submit or participate by exploiting the other person's emotional dependency on the actor;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>the actor is a clergyman who causes the other person to submit or participate by exploiting the other person's emotional dependency on the clergyman in the clergyman's professional character as spiritual adviser; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>the actor is an employee of a facility where the other person is a resident, unless the employee and resident are formally or informally married to each other under Chapter 2, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means a person younger than 17 years of age.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Spouse" means a person who is legally married to another.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Health care services provider" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a physician licensed under Subtitle B, Title 3, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a chiropractor licensed under Chapter 201, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a physical therapist licensed under Chapter 453, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a physician assistant licensed under Chapter 204, Occupations Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a registered nurse, a vocational nurse, or an advanced practice nurse licensed under Chapter 301, Occupations Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>"Mental health services provider" means an individual, licensed or unlicensed, who performs or purports to perform mental health services, including a:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>licensed social worker as defined by Section 505.002, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>chemical dependency counselor as defined by Section 504.001, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>licensed professional counselor as defined by Section 503.002, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>licensed marriage and family therapist as defined by Section 502.002, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>member of the clergy;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>psychologist offering psychological services as defined by Section 501.003, Occupations Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>special officer for mental health assignment certified under Section 1701.404, Occupations Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Employee of a facility" means a person who is an employee of a facility defined by Section 250.001, Health and Safety Code, or any other person who provides services for a facility for compensation, including a contract laborer.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2) that the conduct consisted of medical care for the child and did not include any contact between the anus or sexual organ of the child and the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of the actor or a third party.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2):</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>that the actor was the spouse of the child at the time of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor was not more than three years older than the victim and at the time of the offense:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>was not required under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, to register for life as a sex offender; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>was not a person who under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, had a reportable conviction or adjudication for an offense under this section; and</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the victim:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>was a child of 14 years of age or older; and</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>was not a person whom the actor was prohibited from marrying or purporting to marry or with whom the actor was prohibited from living under the appearance of being married under Section 25.01.</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that an offense under this section is a felony of the first degree if the victim was a person whom the actor was prohibited from marrying or purporting to marry or with whom the actor was prohibited from living under the appearance of being married under Section 25.01.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5312, ch. 977, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 557, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1029, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 662, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 273, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1031, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1286, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1102, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1415, Sec. 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.829, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 155, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 528, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 553, Sec. 2.017, eff. Feb. 1, 2004. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 268 (S.B. 6), Sec. 4.02, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 260 (H.B. 549), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 260 (H.B. 549), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 33, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02"> <num value="22.02">Sec. 22.02.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person commits assault as defined in Sec. 22.01 and the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>causes serious bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor uses a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault and causes serious bodily injury to a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>regardless of whether the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2), the offense is committed:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>by a public servant acting under color of the servant's office or employment;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>against a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>in retaliation against or on account of the service of another as a witness, prospective witness, informant, or person who has reported the occurrence of a crime; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>against a person the actor knows is a security officer while the officer is performing a duty as a security officer; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>the actor is in a motor vehicle, as defined by Section 501.002, Transportation Code, and:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>knowingly discharges a firearm at or in the direction of a habitation, building, or vehicle;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is reckless as to whether the habitation, building, or vehicle is occupied; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>in discharging the firearm, causes serious bodily injury to any person.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>The actor is presumed to have known the person assaulted was a public servant or a security officer if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public servant or status as a security officer.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>In this section, "security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section 1702.002, Occupations Code, or a noncommissioned security officer registered under Section 1702.221, Occupations Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 367, ch. 164, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1521, ch. 655, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 349, ch. 79, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5311, ch. 977, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 223, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 18, Sec. 3, eff. April 14, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1101, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 939, Sec. 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 903, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 594 (H.B. 176), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021"> <num value="22.021">Sec. 22.021.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>if the person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person by any means, without that person's consent;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of another person by the sexual organ of the actor, without that person's consent; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of another person, without that person's consent, to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child at the time of the offense, intentionally or knowingly:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of a child by any means;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of a child by the sexual organ of the actor;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of a child to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>causes the anus of a child to contact the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>causes the mouth of a child to contact the anus or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; and</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the person:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes serious bodily injury or attempts to cause the death of the victim or another person in the course of the same criminal episode;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>by acts or words places the victim in fear that any person will become the victim of an offense under Section 20A.02(a)(3), (4), (7), or (8) or that death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping will be imminently inflicted on any person;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>by acts or words occurring in the presence of the victim threatens to cause any person to become the victim of an offense under Section 20A.02(a)(3), (4), (7), or (8) or to cause the death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping of any person;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>uses or exhibits a deadly weapon in the course of the same criminal episode;</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>acts in concert with another who engages in conduct described by Subdivision (1) directed toward the same victim and occurring during the course of the same criminal episode; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/vi"> <num value="vi">(vi)</num> <content>with the intent of facilitating the commission of the offense, administers or provides to the victim of the offense any substance capable of impairing the victim's ability to appraise the nature of the act or to resist the act;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the victim is younger than 14 years of age, regardless of whether the person knows the age of the victim at the time of the offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the victim is an elderly individual or a disabled individual.</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.011(c).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Elderly individual" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.04(c).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Disabled individual" means a person older than 13 years of age who by reason of age or physical or mental disease, defect, or injury is substantially unable to protect the person's self from harm or to provide food, shelter, or medical care for the person's self.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An aggravated sexual assault under this section is without the consent of the other person if the aggravated sexual assault occurs under the same circumstances listed in Section 22.011(b).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>The defense provided by Section 22.011(d) applies to this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>The minimum term of imprisonment for an offense under this section is increased to 25 years if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the victim of the offense is younger than six years of age at the time the offense is committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the victim of the offense is younger than 14 years of age at the time the offense is committed and the actor commits the offense in a manner described by Subsection (a)(2)(A).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5312, ch. 977, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 573, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 16, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1286, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 417, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 459, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 528, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 896, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 1.18, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 6.05, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 784 (H.B. 2589), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 34, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04"> <num value="22.04">Sec. 22.04.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence, by act or intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly by omission, causes to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>serious bodily injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>serious mental deficiency, impairment, or injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>bodily injury.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person commits an offense if the person is an owner, operator, or employee of a group home, nursing facility, assisted living facility, boarding home facility, intermediate care facility for persons with an intellectual or developmental disability, or other institutional care facility and the person intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence by omission causes to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual who is a resident of that group home or facility:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>serious bodily injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>serious mental deficiency, impairment, or injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>bodily injury.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An omission that causes a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3) or (a-1)(1), (2), or (3) is conduct constituting an offense under this section if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor has a legal or statutory duty to act; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor has assumed care, custody, or control of a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means a person 14 years of age or younger.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Elderly individual" means a person 65 years of age or older.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Disabled individual" means a person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>with one or more of the following:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>autism spectrum disorder, as defined by Section 1355.001, Insurance Code;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>developmental disability, as defined by Section 112.042, Human Resources Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>intellectual disability, as defined by Section 591.003, Health and Safety Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>severe emotional disturbance, as defined by Section 261.001, Family Code;</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>traumatic brain injury, as defined by Section 92.001, Health and Safety Code; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/vi"> <num value="vi">(vi)</num> <content>mental illness, as defined by Section 571.003, Health and Safety Code; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>who otherwise by reason of age or physical or mental disease, defect, or injury is substantially unable to protect the person's self from harm or to provide food, shelter, or medical care for the person's self.</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620, Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2011.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of an omission that causes a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3), the actor has assumed care, custody, or control if he has by act, words, or course of conduct acted so as to cause a reasonable person to conclude that he has accepted responsibility for protection, food, shelter, and medical care for a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual. For purposes of an omission that causes a condition described by Subsection (a-1)(1), (2), or (3), the actor acting during the actor's capacity as owner, operator, or employee of a group home or facility described by Subsection (a-1) is considered to have accepted responsibility for protection, food, shelter, and medical care for the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual who is a resident of the group home or facility.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) or (2) or (a-1)(1) or (2) is a felony of the first degree when the conduct is committed intentionally or knowingly. When the conduct is engaged in recklessly, the offense is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(3) or (a-1)(3) is a felony of the third degree when the conduct is committed intentionally or knowingly, except that an offense under Subsection (a)(3) is a felony of the second degree when the conduct is committed intentionally or knowingly and the victim is a disabled individual residing in a center, as defined by Section 555.001, Health and Safety Code, or in a facility licensed under Chapter 252, Health and Safety Code, and the actor is an employee of the center or facility whose employment involved providing direct care for the victim. When the conduct is engaged in recklessly, the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) is a state jail felony when the person acts with criminal negligence. An offense under Subsection (a-1) is a state jail felony when the person, with criminal negligence and by omission, causes a condition described by Subsection (a-1)(1), (2), or (3).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>A person who is subject to prosecution under both this section and another section of this code may be prosecuted under either or both sections. Section 3.04 does not apply to criminal episodes prosecuted under both this section and another section of this code. If a criminal episode is prosecuted under both this section and another section of this code and sentences are assessed for convictions under both sections, the sentences shall run concurrently.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(2) that before the offense the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>notified in person the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual that the actor would no longer provide any of the care described by Subsection (d), and notified in writing the parents or a person, other than the actor, acting in loco parentis to the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual that the actor would no longer provide any of the care described by Subsection (d); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>notified in writing the Department of Family and Protective Services that the actor would no longer provide any of the care described by Subsection (d).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <content>Written notification under Subsection (i)(2) or (i)(3) is not effective unless it contains the name and address of the actor, the name and address of the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual, the type of care provided by the actor, and the date the care was discontinued.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/k"> <num value="k">(k)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the act or omission consisted of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>reasonable medical care occurring under the direction of or by a licensed physician; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>emergency medical care administered in good faith and with reasonable care by a person not licensed in the healing arts.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/l"> <num value="l">(l)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>that the act or omission was based on treatment in accordance with the tenets and practices of a recognized religious method of healing with a generally accepted record of efficacy;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>for a person charged with an act of omission causing to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3) that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>there is no evidence that, on the date prior to the offense charged, the defendant was aware of an incident of injury to the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual and failed to report the incident; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the person:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>was a victim of family violence, as that term is defined by Section 71.004, Family Code, committed by a person who is also charged with an offense against the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual under this section or any other section of this title;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>did not cause a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3); and</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>did not reasonably believe at the time of the omission that an effort to prevent the person also charged with an offense against the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual from committing the offense would have an effect; or</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor was not more than three years older than the victim at the time of the offense; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the victim was a nondisabled or disabled child at the time of the offense.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/m"> <num value="m">(m)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsections (a)(1), (2), and (3) for injury to a disabled individual that the person did not know and could not reasonably have known that the individual was a disabled individual, as defined by Subsection (c), at the time of the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2067, ch. 819, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 365, ch. 162, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 472, ch. 202, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2397, ch. 604, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 357, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 497, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 8.139, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(b), eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 268 (S.B. 6), Sec. 1.125(a), eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 949 (H.B. 1575), Sec. 46, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 284 (S.B. 643), Sec. 38, eff. June 11, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 719 (H.B. 1286), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 719 (H.B. 1286), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 361 (H.B. 3019), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 361 (H.B. 3019), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041"> <num value="22.041">Sec. 22.041.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "abandon" means to leave a child in any place without providing reasonable and necessary care for the child, under circumstances under which no reasonable, similarly situated adult would leave a child of that age and ability.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, having custody, care, or control of a child younger than 15 years, he intentionally abandons the child in any place under circumstances that expose the child to an unreasonable risk of harm.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence, by act or omission, engages in conduct that places a child younger than 15 years in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment.</content> <continuation>(c-1) For purposes of Subsection (c), it is presumed that a person engaged in conduct that places a child in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment if:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person manufactured, possessed, or in any way introduced into the body of any person the controlled substance methamphetamine in the presence of the child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person's conduct related to the proximity or accessibility of the controlled substance methamphetamine to the child and an analysis of a specimen of the child's blood, urine, or other bodily substance indicates the presence of methamphetamine in the child's body; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the person injected, ingested, inhaled, or otherwise introduced a controlled substance listed in Penalty Group 1, Section 481.102, Health and Safety Code, into the human body when the person was not in lawful possession of the substance as defined by Section 481.002(24) of that code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under Subsection (b) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the actor abandoned the child with intent to return for the child; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the actor abandoned the child without intent to return for the child.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the second degree if the actor abandons the child under circumstances that a reasonable person would believe would place the child in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (c) is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (c) that the act or omission enables the child to practice for or participate in an organized athletic event and that appropriate safety equipment and procedures are employed in the event.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section that the actor voluntarily delivered the child to a designated emergency infant care provider under Section 262.302, Family Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 791, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 904, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 687, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1087, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 809, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 282 (H.B. 164), Sec. 10, eff. August 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 840 (H.B. 946), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05"> <num value="22.05">Sec. 22.05.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he recklessly engages in conduct that places another in imminent danger of serious bodily injury.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he knowingly discharges a firearm at or in the direction of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>one or more individuals; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a habitation, building, or vehicle and is reckless as to whether the habitation, building, or vehicle is occupied.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Recklessness and danger are presumed if the actor knowingly pointed a firearm at or in the direction of another whether or not the actor believed the firearm to be loaded.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "building," "habitation," and "vehicle" have the meanings assigned those terms by Section 30.01.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) is a Class A misdemeanor. An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06"> <num value="22.06">Sec. 22.06.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>The victim's effective consent or the actor's reasonable belief that the victim consented to the actor's conduct is a defense to prosecution under Section 22.01 (Assault), 22.02 (Aggravated Assault), or 22.05 (Deadly Conduct) if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the conduct did not threaten or inflict serious bodily injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the victim knew the conduct was a risk of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>his occupation;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>recognized medical treatment; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a scientific experiment conducted by recognized methods.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The defense to prosecution provided by Subsection (a) is not available to a defendant who commits an offense described by Subsection (a) as a condition of the defendant's or the victim's initiation or continued membership in a criminal street gang, as defined by Section 71.01.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 273 (H.B. 184), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07"> <num value="22.07">Sec. 22.07.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he threatens to commit any offense involving violence to any person or property with intent to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>cause a reaction of any type to his threat by an official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>place any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>prevent or interrupt the occupation or use of a building, room, place of assembly, place to which the public has access, place of employment or occupation, aircraft, automobile, or other form of conveyance, or other public place;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>cause impairment or interruption of public communications, public transportation, public water, gas, or power supply or other public service;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>place the public or a substantial group of the public in fear of serious bodily injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>influence the conduct or activities of a branch or agency of the federal government, the state, or a political subdivision of the state.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if the offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is committed against a member of the person's family or household or otherwise constitutes family violence; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is committed against a public servant.</content> <continuation>(c-1) Notwithstanding Subsection (c)(2), an offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a state jail felony if the offense is committed against a person the actor knows is a peace officer or judge.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(3) is a Class A misdemeanor, unless the actor causes pecuniary loss of $1,500 or more to the owner of the building, room, place, or conveyance, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(4), (a)(5), or (a)(6) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Family" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.003, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Family violence" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.004, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Household" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.005, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (d), the amount of pecuniary loss is the amount of economic loss suffered by the owner of the building, room, place, or conveyance as a result of the prevention or interruption of the occupation or use of the building, room, place, or conveyance.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1114, ch. 530, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 139, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 388, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 446, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Reenacted and amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728 (H.B. 2018), Sec. 16.003, eff. September 1, 2005. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 440 (H.B. 2908), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.08"> <num value="22.08">Sec. 22.08.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent to promote or assist the commission of suicide by another, he aids or attempts to aid the other to commit or attempt to commit suicide.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor unless the actor's conduct causes suicide or attempted suicide that results in serious bodily injury, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09"> <num value="22.09">Sec. 22.09.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Consumer Product" means any product offered for sale to or for consumption by the public and includes "food" and "drugs" as those terms are defined in Section 431.002, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Tamper" means to alter or add a foreign substance to a consumer product to make it probable that the consumer product will cause serious bodily injury.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he knowingly or intentionally tampers with a consumer product knowing that the consumer product will be offered for sale to the public or as a gift to another.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he knowingly or intentionally threatens to tamper with a consumer product with the intent to cause fear, to affect the sale of the consumer product, or to cause bodily injury to any person.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the second degree unless a person suffers serious bodily injury, in which event it is a felony of the first degree. An offense under Subsection (c) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2812, ch. 481, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1008, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, Sec. 284(32), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10"> <num value="22.10">Sec. 22.10.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly leaves a child in a motor vehicle for longer than five minutes, knowing that the child is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>younger than seven years of age; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>not attended by an individual in the vehicle who is 14 years of age or older.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1984, 68th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 24, Sec. 1, eff. Oct. 2, 1984. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11"> <num value="22.11">Sec. 22.11.</num> <heading></heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to assault, harass, or alarm, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>while imprisoned or confined in a correctional or detention facility, causes another person to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>while committed to a civil commitment facility, causes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the officer or employee is lawfully discharging an official duty at a civil commitment facility; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty by the officer or employee; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a person who contracts with the state to perform a service in the facility or an employee of that person to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by the state to provide the service; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract; or</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>causes another person the actor knows to be a public servant to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of the public servant's official power or performance of an official duty.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "correctional or detention facility" means:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a secure correctional facility; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a "secure correctional facility" or a "secure detention facility" as defined by Section 51.02, Family Code, operated by or under contract with a juvenile board or the Texas Juvenile Justice Department or any other facility operated by or under contract with that department.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (a)(3), the actor is presumed to have known the person was a public servant if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public servant.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 335, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 878, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1006, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 543 (H.B. 1095), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 734 (H.B. 1549), Sec. 142, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 28, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 29, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12"> <num value="22.12">Sec. 22.12.</num> <heading></heading> <chapeau>This chapter does not apply to conduct charged as having been committed against an individual who is an unborn child if the conduct is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>committed by the mother of the unborn child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a lawful medical procedure performed by a physician or other health care provider with the requisite consent;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a lawful medical procedure performed by a physician or other licensed health care provider with the requisite consent as part of an assisted reproduction as defined by Section 160.102, Family Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the dispensation of a drug in accordance with law or administration of a drug prescribed in accordance with law.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 822, Sec. 2.04, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <num value="1">TITLE 1.</num> <heading>INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1"> <num value="1">CHAPTER 1.</num> <heading>GENERAL PROVISIONS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.01"> <num value="1.01">Sec. 1.01.</num> <heading>SHORT TITLE</heading> <content>This code shall be known and may be cited as the Penal Code.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.02"> <num value="1.02">Sec. 1.02.</num> <heading>OBJECTIVES OF CODE</heading> <chapeau>The general purposes of this code are to establish a system of prohibitions, penalties, and correctional measures to deal with conduct that unjustifiably and inexcusably causes or threatens harm to those individual or public interests for which state protection is appropriate. To this end, the provisions of this code are intended, and shall be construed, to achieve the following objectives:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>to insure the public safety through:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the deterrent influence of the penalties hereinafter provided;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the rehabilitation of those convicted of violations of this code; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>such punishment as may be necessary to prevent likely recurrence of criminal behavior;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>by definition and grading of offenses to give fair warning of what is prohibited and of the consequences of violation;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>to prescribe penalties that are proportionate to the seriousness of offenses and that permit recognition of differences in rehabilitation possibilities among individual offenders;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>to safeguard conduct that is without guilt from condemnation as criminal;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>to guide and limit the exercise of official discretion in law enforcement to prevent arbitrary or oppressive treatment of persons suspected, accused, or convicted of offenses; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>to define the scope of state interest in law enforcement against specific offenses and to systematize the exercise of state criminal jurisdiction.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.03"> <num value="1.03">Sec. 1.03.</num> <heading>EFFECT OF CODE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>Conduct does not constitute an offense unless it is defined as an offense by statute, municipal ordinance, order of a county commissioners court, or rule authorized by and lawfully adopted under a statute.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The provisions of Titles 1, 2, and 3 apply to offenses defined by other laws, unless the statute defining the offense provides otherwise; however, the punishment affixed to an offense defined outside this code shall be applicable unless the punishment is classified in accordance with this code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>This code does not bar, suspend, or otherwise affect a right or liability to damages, penalty, forfeiture, or other remedy authorized by law to be recovered or enforced in a civil suit for conduct this code defines as an offense, and the civil injury is not merged in the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.04"> <num value="1.04">Sec. 1.04.</num> <heading>TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>This state has jurisdiction over an offense that a person commits by his own conduct or the conduct of another for which he is criminally responsible if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>either the conduct or a result that is an element of the offense occurs inside this state;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the conduct outside this state constitutes an attempt to commit an offense inside this state;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the conduct outside this state constitutes a conspiracy to commit an offense inside this state, and an act in furtherance of the conspiracy occurs inside this state; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the conduct inside this state constitutes an attempt, solicitation, or conspiracy to commit, or establishes criminal responsibility for the commission of, an offense in another jurisdiction that is also an offense under the laws of this state.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If the offense is criminal homicide, a "result" is either the physical impact causing death or the death itself. If the body of a criminal homicide victim is found in this state, it is presumed that the death occurred in this state. If death alone is the basis for jurisdiction, it is a defense to the exercise of jurisdiction by this state that the conduct that constitutes the offense is not made criminal in the jurisdiction where the conduct occurred.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense based on an omission to perform a duty imposed on an actor by a statute of this state is committed inside this state regardless of the location of the actor at the time of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>This state includes the land and water and the air space above the land and water over which this state has power to define offenses.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.05"> <num value="1.05">Sec. 1.05.</num> <heading>CONSTRUCTION OF CODE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>The rule that a penal statute is to be strictly construed does not apply to this code. The provisions of this code shall be construed according to the fair import of their terms, to promote justice and effect the objectives of the code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Unless a different construction is required by the context, Sections 311.011, 311.012, 311.014, 311.015, and 311.021 through 311.032 of Chapter 311, Government Code (Code Construction Act), apply to the construction of this code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this code:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a reference to a title, chapter, or section without further identification is a reference to a title, chapter, or section of this code; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a reference to a subchapter, subsection, subdivision, paragraph, or other numbered or lettered unit without further identification is a reference to a unit of the next-larger unit of this code in which the reference appears.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 479, Sec. 69, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.06"> <num value="1.06">Sec. 1.06.</num> <heading>COMPUTATION OF AGE</heading> <content>A person attains a specified age on the day of the anniversary of his birthdate.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07"> <num value="1.07">Sec. 1.07.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this code:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Act" means a bodily movement, whether voluntary or involuntary, and includes speech.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Actor" means a person whose criminal responsibility is in issue in a criminal action. Whenever the term "suspect" is used in this code, it means "actor."</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Agency" includes authority, board, bureau, commission, committee, council, department, district, division, and office.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Alcoholic beverage" has the meaning assigned by Section 1.04, Alcoholic Beverage Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Another" means a person other than the actor.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Association" means a government or governmental subdivision or agency, trust, partnership, or two or more persons having a joint or common economic interest.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Benefit" means anything reasonably regarded as economic gain or advantage, including benefit to any other person in whose welfare the beneficiary is interested.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Bodily injury" means physical pain, illness, or any impairment of physical condition.</content> <continuation>(8-a) "Civil commitment facility" means a facility owned, leased, or operated by the state, or by a vendor under contract with the state, that houses only persons who have been civilly committed as sexually violent predators under Chapter 841, Health and Safety Code.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <chapeau>"Coercion" means a threat, however communicated:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to commit an offense;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to inflict bodily injury in the future on the person threatened or another;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>to accuse a person of any offense;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>to expose a person to hatred, contempt, or ridicule;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>to harm the credit or business repute of any person; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>to take or withhold action as a public servant, or to cause a public servant to take or withhold action.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>"Conduct" means an act or omission and its accompanying mental state.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>"Consent" means assent in fact, whether express or apparent.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <content>"Controlled substance" has the meaning assigned by Section 481.002, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/13"> <num value="13">(13)</num> <content>"Corporation" includes nonprofit corporations, professional associations created pursuant to statute, and joint stock companies.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/14"> <num value="14">(14)</num> <chapeau>"Correctional facility" means a place designated by law for the confinement of a person arrested for, charged with, or convicted of a criminal offense. The term includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a municipal or county jail;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a confinement facility operated by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a confinement facility operated under contract with any division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a community corrections facility operated by a community supervision and corrections department.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/15"> <num value="15">(15)</num> <content>"Criminal negligence" is defined in Section 6.03 (Culpable Mental States).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/16"> <num value="16">(16)</num> <content>"Dangerous drug" has the meaning assigned by Section 483.001, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/17"> <num value="17">(17)</num> <chapeau>"Deadly weapon" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a firearm or anything manifestly designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting death or serious bodily injury; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>anything that in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing death or serious bodily injury.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/18"> <num value="18">(18)</num> <content>"Drug" has the meaning assigned by Section 481.002, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/19"> <num value="19">(19)</num> <chapeau>"Effective consent" includes consent by a person legally authorized to act for the owner. Consent is not effective if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>induced by force, threat, or fraud;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>given by a person the actor knows is not legally authorized to act for the owner;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>given by a person who by reason of youth, mental disease or defect, or intoxication is known by the actor to be unable to make reasonable decisions; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>given solely to detect the commission of an offense.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/20"> <num value="20">(20)</num> <content>"Electric generating plant" means a facility that generates electric energy for distribution to the public.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/21"> <num value="21">(21)</num> <content>"Electric utility substation" means a facility used to switch or change voltage in connection with the transmission of electric energy for distribution to the public.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/22"> <num value="22">(22)</num> <chapeau>"Element of offense" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the forbidden conduct;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the required culpability;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>any required result; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the negation of any exception to the offense.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/23"> <num value="23">(23)</num> <content>"Felony" means an offense so designated by law or punishable by death or confinement in a penitentiary.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/24"> <num value="24">(24)</num> <chapeau>"Government" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the state;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a county, municipality, or political subdivision of the state; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>any branch or agency of the state, a county, municipality, or political subdivision.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/25"> <num value="25">(25)</num> <content>"Harm" means anything reasonably regarded as loss, disadvantage, or injury, including harm to another person in whose welfare the person affected is interested.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/26"> <num value="26">(26)</num> <content>"Individual" means a human being who is alive, including an unborn child at every stage of gestation from fertilization until birth.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/27"> <num value="27">(27)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87, Sec. 25.144, eff. September 1, 2009.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/28"> <num value="28">(28)</num> <content>"Intentional" is defined in Section 6.03 (Culpable Mental States).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/29"> <num value="29">(29)</num> <content>"Knowing" is defined in Section 6.03 (Culpable Mental States).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/30"> <num value="30">(30)</num> <content>"Law" means the constitution or a statute of this state or of the United States, a written opinion of a court of record, a municipal ordinance, an order of a county commissioners court, or a rule authorized by and lawfully adopted under a statute.</content> <continuation>(30-a) "Mass shooting" means a person's discharge of a firearm to cause serious bodily injury or death, or to attempt to cause serious bodily injury or death, to four or more persons:</continuation> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>during the same criminal transaction; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>during different criminal transactions but pursuant to the same scheme or course of conduct.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/31"> <num value="31">(31)</num> <content>"Misdemeanor" means an offense so designated by law or punishable by fine, by confinement in jail, or by both fine and confinement in jail.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/32"> <num value="32">(32)</num> <content>"Oath" includes affirmation.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/33"> <num value="33">(33)</num> <content>"Official proceeding" means any type of administrative, executive, legislative, or judicial proceeding that may be conducted before a public servant.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/34"> <num value="34">(34)</num> <content>"Omission" means failure to act.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/35"> <num value="35">(35)</num> <chapeau>"Owner" means a person who:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>has title to the property, possession of the property, whether lawful or not, or a greater right to possession of the property than the actor; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is a holder in due course of a negotiable instrument.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/36"> <num value="36">(36)</num> <content>"Peace officer" means a person elected, employed, or appointed as a peace officer under Article 2A.001, Code of Criminal Procedure, Section 51.212 or 51.214, Education Code, or other law.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/37"> <num value="37">(37)</num> <content>"Penal institution" means a place designated by law for confinement of persons arrested for, charged with, or convicted of an offense.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/38"> <num value="38">(38)</num> <content>"Person" means an individual or a corporation, association, limited liability company, or other entity or organization governed by the Business Organizations Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/39"> <num value="39">(39)</num> <content>"Possession" means actual care, custody, control, or management.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/40"> <num value="40">(40)</num> <content>"Public place" means any place to which the public or a substantial group of the public has access and includes, but is not limited to, streets, highways, and the common areas of schools, hospitals, apartment houses, office buildings, transport facilities, and shops.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/41"> <num value="41">(41)</num> <chapeau>"Public servant" means a person elected, selected, appointed, employed, or otherwise designated as one of the following, even if he has not yet qualified for office or assumed his duties:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an officer, employee, or agent of government;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a juror or grand juror; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>an arbitrator, referee, or other person who is authorized by law or private written agreement to hear or determine a cause or controversy; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>an attorney at law or notary public when participating in the performance of a governmental function; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a candidate for nomination or election to public office; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>a person who is performing a governmental function under a claim of right although he is not legally qualified to do so.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/42"> <num value="42">(42)</num> <content>"Reasonable belief" means a belief that would be held by an ordinary and prudent man in the same circumstances as the actor.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/43"> <num value="43">(43)</num> <content>"Reckless" is defined in Section 6.03 (Culpable Mental States).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/44"> <num value="44">(44)</num> <content>"Rule" includes regulation.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/45"> <num value="45">(45)</num> <chapeau>"Secure correctional facility" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a municipal or county jail; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a confinement facility operated by or under a contract with any division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/46"> <num value="46">(46)</num> <content>"Serious bodily injury" means bodily injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes death, serious permanent disfigurement, or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.</content> <continuation>(46-a) "Sight order" means a written or electronic instruction to pay money that is authorized by the person giving the instruction and that is payable on demand or at a definite time by the person being instructed to pay. The term includes a check, an electronic debit, or an automatic bank draft.</continuation> <continuation>(46-b) "Federal special investigator" means a person described by Article 2A.002, Code of Criminal Procedure.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/47"> <num value="47">(47)</num> <content>"Swear" includes affirm.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/48"> <num value="48">(48)</num> <content>"Unlawful" means criminal or tortious or both and includes what would be criminal or tortious but for a defense not amounting to justification or privilege.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/49"> <num value="49">(49)</num> <content>"Death" includes, for an individual who is an unborn child, the failure to be born alive.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The definition of a term in this code applies to each grammatical variation of the term.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 912, ch. 342, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2123, ch. 848, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1113, ch. 530, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1520, ch. 655, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, Sec. 5.01(a)(43), eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 997, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 28, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 543, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 822, Sec. 2.01, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 25.144, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 421 (H.B. 2031), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 839 (H.B. 3423), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 26, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 112 (S.B. 1258), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 467 (H.B. 165), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 765 (H.B. 4504), Sec. 2.153, eff. January 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.08"> <num value="1.08">Sec. 1.08.</num> <heading>PREEMPTION</heading> <content>No governmental subdivision or agency may enact or enforce a law that makes any conduct covered by this code an offense subject to a criminal penalty. This section shall apply only as long as the law governing the conduct proscribed by this code is legally enforceable.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.09"> <num value="1.09">Sec. 1.09.</num> <heading>CONCURRENT JURISDICTION UNDER THIS CODE TO PROSECUTE OFFENSES THAT INVOLVE STATE PROPERTY</heading> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to prosecute under this code any offense an element of which occurs on state property or any offense that involves the use, unlawful appropriation, or misapplication of state property, including state funds.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 378 (S.B. 563), Sec. 1, eff. June 15, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10"> <num value="1.10">Sec. 1.10.</num> <heading>ENFORCEMENT OF CERTAIN FEDERAL LAWS REGULATING FIREARMS, FIREARM ACCESSORIES, AND FIREARM AMMUNITION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Ammunition" has the meaning assigned by Section 229.001, Local Government Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Firearm" has the meaning assigned by Section 46.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Firearm accessory" means an item that is used in conjunction with or mounted on a firearm but is not essential to the basic function of the firearm. The term includes a detachable firearm magazine.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"State funds" means money appropriated by the legislature or money under the control or direction of a state agency.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Notwithstanding any other law, an agency of this state, a political subdivision of this state, or a law enforcement officer or other person employed by an agency of this state or a political subdivision of this state may not contract with or in any other manner provide assistance to a federal agency or official with respect to the enforcement of a federal statute, order, rule, or regulation that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>imposes a prohibition, restriction, or other regulation that does not exist under the laws of this state; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>relates to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a registry requirement for a firearm, a firearm accessory, or ammunition;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a requirement that an owner of a firearm, a firearm accessory, or ammunition possess a license as a condition of owning, possessing, or carrying the firearm, firearm accessory, or ammunition;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a requirement that a background check be conducted for the private sale or transfer of a firearm, a firearm accessory, or ammunition;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a program for confiscating a firearm, a firearm accessory, or ammunition from a person who is not otherwise prohibited by the laws of this state from possessing the firearm, firearm accessory, or ammunition; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a program that requires an owner of a firearm, a firearm accessory, or ammunition to sell the firearm, firearm accessory, or ammunition.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Subsection (b) does not apply to a contract or agreement to provide assistance in the enforcement of a federal statute, order, rule, or regulation in effect on January 19, 2021.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A political subdivision of this state may not receive state funds if the political subdivision enters into a contract or adopts a rule, order, ordinance, or policy under which the political subdivision requires or assists with the enforcement of any federal statute, order, rule, or regulation described by Subsection (b) or, by consistent actions, requires or assists with the enforcement of any federal statute, order, rule, or regulation described by Subsection (b). State funds for the political subdivision shall be denied for the fiscal year following the year in which a final judicial determination in an action brought under this section is made that the political subdivision has required or assisted with the enforcement of any federal statute, order, rule, or regulation described by Subsection (b).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Any individual residing in the jurisdiction of a political subdivision of this state may file a complaint with the attorney general if the individual offers evidence to support an allegation that the political subdivision has entered into a contract or adopted a rule, order, ordinance, or policy under which the political subdivision requires or assists with the enforcement of any federal statute, order, rule, or regulation described by Subsection (b) or evidence to support an allegation that the political subdivision, by consistent actions, requires or assists with the enforcement of any federal statute, order, rule, or regulation described by Subsection (b). The individual must include with the complaint the evidence the individual has that supports the complaint.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>If the attorney general determines that a complaint filed under Subsection (e) against a political subdivision of this state is valid, the attorney general may file a petition for a writ of mandamus or apply for other appropriate equitable relief in a district court in Travis County or in a county in which the principal office of the political subdivision is located to compel the political subdivision to comply with Subsection (b). The attorney general may recover reasonable expenses incurred in obtaining relief under this subsection, including court costs, reasonable attorney's fees, investigative costs, witness fees, and deposition costs.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>An appeal of a suit brought under Subsection (f) is governed by the procedures for accelerated appeals in civil cases under the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure. The appellate court shall render its final order or judgment with the least possible delay.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c1/s1.10/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>The attorney general shall defend any agency of this state in a suit brought against the agency by the federal government for an action or omission consistent with the requirements of this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 819 (H.B. 2622), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2"> <num value="2">CHAPTER 2.</num> <heading>BURDEN OF PROOF</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.01"> <num value="2.01">Sec. 2.01.</num> <heading>PROOF BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT</heading> <content>All persons are presumed to be innocent and no person may be convicted of an offense unless each element of the offense is proved beyond a reasonable doubt. The fact that he has been arrested, confined, or indicted for, or otherwise charged with, the offense gives rise to no inference of guilt at his trial.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.02"> <num value="2.02">Sec. 2.02.</num> <heading>EXCEPTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>An exception to an offense in this code is so labeled by the phrase: "It is an exception to the application of . . . ."</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The prosecuting attorney must negate the existence of an exception in the accusation charging commission of the offense and prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant or defendant's conduct does not fall within the exception.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>This section does not affect exceptions applicable to offenses enacted prior to the effective date of this code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.03"> <num value="2.03">Sec. 2.03.</num> <heading>DEFENSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A defense to prosecution for an offense in this code is so labeled by the phrase: "It is a defense to prosecution . . . ."</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The prosecuting attorney is not required to negate the existence of a defense in the accusation charging commission of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>The issue of the existence of a defense is not submitted to the jury unless evidence is admitted supporting the defense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If the issue of the existence of a defense is submitted to the jury, the court shall charge that a reasonable doubt on the issue requires that the defendant be acquitted.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.03/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A ground of defense in a penal law that is not plainly labeled in accordance with this chapter has the procedural and evidentiary consequences of a defense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.04"> <num value="2.04">Sec. 2.04.</num> <heading>AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>An affirmative defense in this code is so labeled by the phrase: "It is an affirmative defense to prosecution . . . ."</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The prosecuting attorney is not required to negate the existence of an affirmative defense in the accusation charging commission of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>The issue of the existence of an affirmative defense is not submitted to the jury unless evidence is admitted supporting the defense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If the issue of the existence of an affirmative defense is submitted to the jury, the court shall charge that the defendant must prove the affirmative defense by a preponderance of evidence.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05"> <num value="2.05">Sec. 2.05.</num> <heading>PRESUMPTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (b), when this code or another penal law establishes a presumption with respect to any fact, it has the following consequences:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>if there is sufficient evidence of the facts that give rise to the presumption, the issue of the existence of the presumed fact must be submitted to the jury, unless the court is satisfied that the evidence as a whole clearly precludes a finding beyond a reasonable doubt of the presumed fact; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>if the existence of the presumed fact is submitted to the jury, the court shall charge the jury, in terms of the presumption and the specific element to which it applies, as follows:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>that the facts giving rise to the presumption must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>that if such facts are proven beyond a reasonable doubt the jury may find that the element of the offense sought to be presumed exists, but it is not bound to so find;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>that even though the jury may find the existence of such element, the state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt each of the other elements of the offense charged; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>if the jury has a reasonable doubt as to the existence of a fact or facts giving rise to the presumption, the presumption fails and the jury shall not consider the presumption for any purpose.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>When this code or another penal law establishes a presumption in favor of the defendant with respect to any fact, it has the following consequences:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>if there is sufficient evidence of the facts that give rise to the presumption, the issue of the existence of the presumed fact must be submitted to the jury unless the court is satisfied that the evidence as a whole clearly precludes a finding beyond a reasonable doubt of the presumed fact; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>if the existence of the presumed fact is submitted to the jury, the court shall charge the jury, in terms of the presumption, that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the presumption applies unless the state proves beyond a reasonable doubt that the facts giving rise to the presumption do not exist;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>if the state fails to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the facts giving rise to the presumption do not exist, the jury must find that the presumed fact exists;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>even though the jury may find that the presumed fact does not exist, the state must prove beyond a reasonable doubt each of the elements of the offense charged; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c2/s2.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>if the jury has a reasonable doubt as to whether the presumed fact exists, the presumption applies and the jury must consider the presumed fact to exist.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 912, ch. 342, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 288 (H.B. 823), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3"> <num value="3">CHAPTER 3.</num> <heading>MULTIPLE PROSECUTIONS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.01"> <num value="3.01">Sec. 3.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITION</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter, "criminal episode" means the commission of two or more offenses, regardless of whether the harm is directed toward or inflicted upon more than one person or item of property, under the following circumstances:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the offenses are committed pursuant to the same transaction or pursuant to two or more transactions that are connected or constitute a common scheme or plan; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the offenses are the repeated commission of the same or similar offenses.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 387, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.02"> <num value="3.02">Sec. 3.02.</num> <heading>CONSOLIDATION AND JOINDER OF PROSECUTIONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A defendant may be prosecuted in a single criminal action for all offenses arising out of the same criminal episode.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>When a single criminal action is based on more than one charging instrument within the jurisdiction of the trial court, the state shall file written notice of the action not less than 30 days prior to the trial.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If a judgment of guilt is reversed, set aside, or vacated, and a new trial ordered, the state may not prosecute in a single criminal action in the new trial any offense not joined in the former prosecution unless evidence to establish probable guilt for that offense was not known to the appropriate prosecuting official at the time the first prosecution commenced.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03"> <num value="3.03">Sec. 3.03.</num> <heading>SENTENCES FOR OFFENSES ARISING OUT OF SAME CRIMINAL EPISODE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>When the accused is found guilty of more than one offense arising out of the same criminal episode prosecuted in a single criminal action, a sentence for each offense for which the accused has been found guilty shall be pronounced. Except as otherwise provided by this section, the sentences shall run concurrently.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>If the accused is found guilty of more than one offense arising out of the same criminal episode, the sentences may run concurrently or consecutively if each sentence is for a conviction of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>an offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>under Section 49.07 or 49.08, regardless of whether the accused is convicted of violations of the same section more than once or is convicted of violations of both sections; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>for which a plea agreement was reached in a case in which the accused was charged with more than one offense listed in Paragraph (A), regardless of whether the accused is charged with violations of the same section more than once or is charged with violations of both sections;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>an offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>under Section 33.021 or an offense under Section 21.02, 21.11, 25.02, or 43.25 committed against a victim younger than 17 years of age at the time of the commission of the offense regardless of whether the accused is convicted of violations of the same section more than once or is convicted of violations of more than one section; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>for which a plea agreement was reached in a case in which the accused was charged with more than one offense listed in Paragraph (A) committed against a victim younger than 17 years of age at the time of the commission of the offense regardless of whether the accused is charged with violations of the same section more than once or is charged with violations of more than one section;</content> <continuation>(2-a) an offense:</continuation> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>under Section 22.011 or 22.021, regardless of whether the accused is convicted of violations of the same section more than once or is convicted of violations of more than one section; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>for which a plea agreement was reached in a case in which the accused was charged with more than one offense listed in Paragraph (A), regardless of whether the accused is charged with violations of the same section more than once or is charged with violations of more than one section;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>an offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>under Section 21.15 or 43.26, regardless of whether the accused is convicted of violations of the same section more than once or is convicted of violations of both sections; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>for which a plea agreement was reached in a case in which the accused was charged with more than one offense listed in Paragraph (A), regardless of whether the accused is charged with violations of the same section more than once or is charged with violations of both sections;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>an offense for which the judgment in the case contains an affirmative finding under Article 42.0197, Code of Criminal Procedure;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>an offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>under Section 20A.02, 20A.03, or 43.05, regardless of whether the accused is convicted of violations of the same section more than once or is convicted of violations of more than one section; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>for which a plea agreement was reached in a case in which the accused was charged with more than one offense listed in Paragraph (A), regardless of whether the accused is charged with violations of the same section more than once or is charged with violations of more than one section;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>an offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>under Section 22.04(a)(1) or (2) or Section 22.04(a-1)(1) or (2) that is punishable as a felony of the first degree, regardless of whether the accused is convicted of violations of the same section more than once or is convicted of violations of more than one section; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>for which a plea agreement was reached in a case in which the accused was charged with more than one offense listed in Paragraph (A) and punishable as described by that paragraph, regardless of whether the accused is charged with violations of the same section more than once or is charged with violations of more than one section;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>an offense under Section 43.235 or an offense for which a plea agreement was reached in a case in which the accused was charged with more than one offense under Section 43.235; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>any combination of offenses listed in Subdivisions (1)-(7).</content> <continuation>(b-1) Subsection (b)(4) does not apply to a defendant whose case was transferred to the court under Section 54.02, Family Code.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If in a single criminal action the accused is found guilty of more than one offense under Section 22.02 that arises out of the same criminal episode, the sentences run consecutively if each sentence is for a conviction of an assault punishable as a felony of the first degree under Section 22.02(b)(4).</content> <continuation>(d)(1) This subsection applies only to a single criminal action in which the accused is found guilty of:</continuation> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an offense under Section 20.05(a)(2) or an offense under Section 20.06 involving conduct constituting an offense under Section 20.05(a)(2); and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an offense punishable under Section 22.01(b-4), 28.10, 30.02(c-2), 30.04(d)(3)(B), 30.05(d)(4), or 38.04(b-1) that arises out of the same criminal episode as the offense described by Paragraph (A).</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>The sentence for an offense described by Subdivision (1)(A) may run consecutively with each sentence for an offense described by Subdivision (1)(B).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>If the accused is found guilty of more than one offense described by Subdivision (1)(A), the sentences for those offenses must run concurrently with each other.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.03/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, if in a single criminal action the accused is found guilty of more than one offense arising out of the same criminal episode, the sentences may run consecutively if each sentence is for a conviction of an offense for which a plea agreement was reached in a case in which the accused was charged with an offense described by Subsection (d)(1)(A) and an offense described by Subsection (d)(1)(B). If the accused is found guilty of more than one offense described by Subsection (d)(1)(A), the sentences for those offenses must run concurrently with each other.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 596, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 667, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 527 (H.B. 904), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 3.47, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1291 (S.B. 6), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1130 (H.B. 2086), Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 6.01, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 228 (H.B. 220), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 413 (S.B. 20), Sec. 1.01, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 249 (H.B. 1403), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 467 (H.B. 165), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 1, eff. February 6, 2024. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 557 (H.B. 1422), Sec. 12, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 756 (S.B. 20), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.04"> <num value="3.04">Sec. 3.04.</num> <heading>SEVERANCE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>Whenever two or more offenses have been consolidated or joined for trial under Section 3.02, the defendant shall have a right to a severance of the offenses.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In the event of severance under this section, the provisions of Section 3.03 do not apply, and the court in its discretion may order the sentences to run either concurrently or consecutively.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t1/c3/s3.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>The right to severance under this section does not apply to a prosecution for offenses described by Section 3.03(b) or (c) unless the court determines that the defendant or the state would be unfairly prejudiced by a joinder of offenses, in which event the judge may order the offenses to be tried separately or may order other relief as justice requires.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 667, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 527 (H.B. 904), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 467 (H.B. 165), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <num value="2">TITLE 2.</num> <heading>GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6"> <num value="6">CHAPTER 6.</num> <heading>CULPABILITY GENERALLY</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.01"> <num value="6.01">Sec. 6.01.</num> <heading>REQUIREMENT OF VOLUNTARY ACT OR OMISSION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense only if he voluntarily engages in conduct, including an act, an omission, or possession.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Possession is a voluntary act if the possessor knowingly obtains or receives the thing possessed or is aware of his control of the thing for a sufficient time to permit him to terminate his control.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person who omits to perform an act does not commit an offense unless a law as defined by Section 1.07 provides that the omission is an offense or otherwise provides that he has a duty to perform the act.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 913, ch. 342, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 3, Sec. 1, eff. Feb. 25, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02"> <num value="6.02">Sec. 6.02.</num> <heading>REQUIREMENT OF CULPABILITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>Except as provided in Subsection (b), a person does not commit an offense unless he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence engages in conduct as the definition of the offense requires.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If the definition of an offense does not prescribe a culpable mental state, a culpable mental state is nevertheless required unless the definition plainly dispenses with any mental element.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If the definition of an offense does not prescribe a culpable mental state, but one is nevertheless required under Subsection (b), intent, knowledge, or recklessness suffices to establish criminal responsibility.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>Culpable mental states are classified according to relative degrees, from highest to lowest, as follows:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentional;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>knowing;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>reckless;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>criminal negligence.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Proof of a higher degree of culpability than that charged constitutes proof of the culpability charged.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense defined by municipal ordinance or by order of a county commissioners court may not dispense with the requirement of a culpable mental state if the offense is punishable by a fine exceeding the amount authorized by Section 12.23.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1219 (H.B. 970), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.03"> <num value="6.03">Sec. 6.03.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS OF CULPABLE MENTAL STATES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person acts intentionally, or with intent, with respect to the nature of his conduct or to a result of his conduct when it is his conscious objective or desire to engage in the conduct or cause the result.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person acts knowingly, or with knowledge, with respect to the nature of his conduct or to circumstances surrounding his conduct when he is aware of the nature of his conduct or that the circumstances exist. A person acts knowingly, or with knowledge, with respect to a result of his conduct when he is aware that his conduct is reasonably certain to cause the result.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person acts recklessly, or is reckless, with respect to circumstances surrounding his conduct or the result of his conduct when he is aware of but consciously disregards a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the circumstances exist or the result will occur. The risk must be of such a nature and degree that its disregard constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that an ordinary person would exercise under all the circumstances as viewed from the actor's standpoint.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A person acts with criminal negligence, or is criminally negligent, with respect to circumstances surrounding his conduct or the result of his conduct when he ought to be aware of a substantial and unjustifiable risk that the circumstances exist or the result will occur. The risk must be of such a nature and degree that the failure to perceive it constitutes a gross deviation from the standard of care that an ordinary person would exercise under all the circumstances as viewed from the actor's standpoint.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.04"> <num value="6.04">Sec. 6.04.</num> <heading>CAUSATION: CONDUCT AND RESULTS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person is criminally responsible if the result would not have occurred but for his conduct, operating either alone or concurrently with another cause, unless the concurrent cause was clearly sufficient to produce the result and the conduct of the actor clearly insufficient.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person is nevertheless criminally responsible for causing a result if the only difference between what actually occurred and what he desired, contemplated, or risked is that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a different offense was committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c6/s6.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a different person or property was injured, harmed, or otherwise affected.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7"> <num value="7">CHAPTER 7.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONDUCT OF ANOTHER</heading> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA"> <num value="A">SUBCHAPTER A.</num> <heading>COMPLICITY</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.01"> <num value="7.01">Sec. 7.01.</num> <heading>PARTIES TO OFFENSES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person is criminally responsible as a party to an offense if the offense is committed by his own conduct, by the conduct of another for which he is criminally responsible, or by both.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Each party to an offense may be charged with commission of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>All traditional distinctions between accomplices and principals are abolished by this section, and each party to an offense may be charged and convicted without alleging that he acted as a principal or accomplice.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.02"> <num value="7.02">Sec. 7.02.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR CONDUCT OF ANOTHER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person is criminally responsible for an offense committed by the conduct of another if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>acting with the kind of culpability required for the offense, he causes or aids an innocent or nonresponsible person to engage in conduct prohibited by the definition of the offense;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>acting with intent to promote or assist the commission of the offense, he solicits, encourages, directs, aids, or attempts to aid the other person to commit the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>having a legal duty to prevent commission of the offense and acting with intent to promote or assist its commission, he fails to make a reasonable effort to prevent commission of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If, in the attempt to carry out a conspiracy to commit one felony, another felony is committed by one of the conspirators, all conspirators are guilty of the felony actually committed, though having no intent to commit it, if the offense was committed in furtherance of the unlawful purpose and was one that should have been anticipated as a result of the carrying out of the conspiracy. In this subsection, "conspiracy" means an agreement between two or more persons to commit a felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 735 (H.B. 2961), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.03"> <num value="7.03">Sec. 7.03.</num> <heading>DEFENSES EXCLUDED</heading> <chapeau>In a prosecution in which an actor's criminal responsibility is based on the conduct of another, the actor may be convicted on proof of commission of the offense and that he was a party to its commission, and it is no defense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>that the actor belongs to a class of persons that by definition of the offense is legally incapable of committing the offense in an individual capacity; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scA/s7.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>that the person for whose conduct the actor is criminally responsible has been acquitted, has not been prosecuted or convicted, has been convicted of a different offense or of a different type or class of offense, or is immune from prosecution.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB"> <num value="B">SUBCHAPTER B.</num> <heading>CORPORATIONS, ASSOCIATIONS, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES, AND OTHER BUSINESS ENTITIES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.21"> <num value="7.21">Sec. 7.21.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this subchapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.21/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Agent" means a director, officer, employee, or other person authorized to act in behalf of a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity.</content> <continuation>(1-a) "Business entity" means an entity or organization governed by the Business Organizations Code, other than a corporation, association, or limited liability company.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.21/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"High managerial agent" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.21/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a partner in a partnership;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.21/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an officer of a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.21/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>an agent of a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity who has duties of such responsibility that the agent's conduct reasonably may be assumed to represent the policy of the corporation, association, limited liability company, or other business entity.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 112 (S.B. 1258), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.22"> <num value="7.22">Sec. 7.22.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF CORPORATION, ASSOCIATION, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, OR OTHER BUSINESS ENTITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.22/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>If conduct constituting an offense is performed by an agent acting in behalf of a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity and within the scope of the agent's office or employment, the corporation, association, limited liability company, or other business entity is criminally responsible for an offense defined:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.22/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>in this code where corporations, associations, limited liability companies, and other business entities are made subject thereto;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.22/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>by law other than this code in which a legislative purpose to impose criminal responsibility on corporations, associations, limited liability companies, and other business entities plainly appears; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.22/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>by law other than this code for which strict liability is imposed, unless a legislative purpose not to impose criminal responsibility on corporations, associations, limited liability companies, or other business entities plainly appears.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.22/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity is criminally responsible for a felony offense only if its commission was authorized, requested, commanded, performed, or recklessly tolerated by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.22/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a majority of the governing body acting in behalf of the corporation, association, limited liability company, or other business entity; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.22/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a high managerial agent acting in behalf of the corporation, association, limited liability company, or other business entity and within the scope of the agent's office or employment.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 913, ch. 342, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 112 (S.B. 1258), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.23"> <num value="7.23">Sec. 7.23.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF PERSON FOR CONDUCT IN BEHALF OF CORPORATION, ASSOCIATION, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, OR OTHER BUSINESS ENTITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.23/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>An individual is criminally responsible for conduct that the individual performs in the name of or in behalf of a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity to the same extent as if the conduct were performed in the individual's own name or behalf.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.23/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An agent having primary responsibility for the discharge of a duty to act imposed by law on a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity is criminally responsible for omission to discharge the duty to the same extent as if the duty were imposed by law directly on the agent.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.23/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If an individual is convicted of conduct constituting an offense performed in the name of or on behalf of a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity, the individual is subject to the sentence authorized by law for an individual convicted of the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 112 (S.B. 1258), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c7/scB/s7.24"> <num value="7.24">Sec. 7.24.</num> <heading>DEFENSE TO CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY OF CORPORATION, ASSOCIATION, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, OR OTHER BUSINESS ENTITY</heading> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution of a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity under Section 7.22(a)(1) or (a)(2) that the high managerial agent having supervisory responsibility over the subject matter of the offense employed due diligence to prevent its commission.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 913, ch. 342, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 112 (S.B. 1258), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8"> <num value="8">CHAPTER 8.</num> <heading>GENERAL DEFENSES TO CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.01"> <num value="8.01">Sec. 8.01.</num> <heading>INSANITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution that, at the time of the conduct charged, the actor, as a result of severe mental disease or defect, did not know that his conduct was wrong.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The term "mental disease or defect" does not include an abnormality manifested only by repeated criminal or otherwise antisocial conduct.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2640, ch. 454, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1983; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.02"> <num value="8.02">Sec. 8.02.</num> <heading>MISTAKE OF FACT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution that the actor through mistake formed a reasonable belief about a matter of fact if his mistaken belief negated the kind of culpability required for commission of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Although an actor's mistake of fact may constitute a defense to the offense charged, he may nevertheless be convicted of any lesser included offense of which he would be guilty if the fact were as he believed.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.03"> <num value="8.03">Sec. 8.03.</num> <heading>MISTAKE OF LAW</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>It is no defense to prosecution that the actor was ignorant of the provisions of any law after the law has taken effect.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution that the actor reasonably believed the conduct charged did not constitute a crime and that he acted in reasonable reliance upon:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>an official statement of the law contained in a written order or grant of permission by an administrative agency charged by law with responsibility for interpreting the law in question; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a written interpretation of the law contained in an opinion of a court of record or made by a public official charged by law with responsibility for interpreting the law in question.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Although an actor's mistake of law may constitute a defense to the offense charged, he may nevertheless be convicted of a lesser included offense of which he would be guilty if the law were as he believed.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.04"> <num value="8.04">Sec. 8.04.</num> <heading>INTOXICATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>Voluntary intoxication does not constitute a defense to the commission of crime.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Evidence of temporary insanity caused by intoxication may be introduced by the actor in mitigation of the penalty attached to the offense for which he is being tried.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>When temporary insanity is relied upon as a defense and the evidence tends to show that such insanity was caused by intoxication, the court shall charge the jury in accordance with the provisions of this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of this section "intoxication" means disturbance of mental or physical capacity resulting from the introduction of any substance into the body.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.05"> <num value="8.05">Sec. 8.05.</num> <heading>DURESS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution that the actor engaged in the proscribed conduct because he was compelled to do so by threat of imminent death or serious bodily injury to himself or another.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In a prosecution for an offense that does not constitute a felony, it is an affirmative defense to prosecution that the actor engaged in the proscribed conduct because he was compelled to do so by force or threat of force.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Compulsion within the meaning of this section exists only if the force or threat of force would render a person of reasonable firmness incapable of resisting the pressure.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>The defense provided by this section is unavailable if the actor intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly placed himself in a situation in which it was probable that he would be subjected to compulsion.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is no defense that a person acted at the command or persuasion of his spouse, unless he acted under compulsion that would establish a defense under this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.06"> <num value="8.06">Sec. 8.06.</num> <heading>ENTRAPMENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution that the actor engaged in the conduct charged because he was induced to do so by a law enforcement agent using persuasion or other means likely to cause persons to commit the offense. Conduct merely affording a person an opportunity to commit an offense does not constitute entrapment.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In this section "law enforcement agent" includes personnel of the state and local law enforcement agencies as well as of the United States and any person acting in accordance with instructions from such agents.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07"> <num value="8.07">Sec. 8.07.</num> <heading>AGE AFFECTING CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person may not be prosecuted for or convicted of any offense that the person committed when younger than 15 years of age except:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>perjury and aggravated perjury when it appears by proof that the person had sufficient discretion to understand the nature and obligation of an oath;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a violation of a penal statute cognizable under Chapter 729, Transportation Code, except for conduct for which the person convicted may be sentenced to imprisonment or confinement in jail;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a violation of a motor vehicle traffic ordinance of an incorporated city or town in this state;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a misdemeanor punishable by fine only;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a violation of a penal ordinance of a political subdivision;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a violation of a penal statute that is, or is a lesser included offense of, a capital felony, an aggravated controlled substance felony, or a felony of the first degree for which the person is transferred to the court under Section 54.02, Family Code, for prosecution if the person committed the offense when 14 years of age or older; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a capital felony or an offense under Section 19.02 for which the person is transferred to the court under Section 54.02(j)(2)(A), Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Unless the juvenile court waives jurisdiction under Section 54.02, Family Code, and certifies the individual for criminal prosecution or the juvenile court has previously waived jurisdiction under that section and certified the individual for criminal prosecution, a person may not be prosecuted for or convicted of any offense committed before reaching 17 years of age except an offense described by Subsections (a)(1)-(5).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>No person may, in any case, be punished by death for an offense committed while the person was younger than 18 years.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Subsection (a), a person may not be prosecuted for or convicted of an offense described by Subsection (a)(4) or (5) that the person committed when younger than 10 years of age.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.07/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A person who is at least 10 years of age but younger than 15 years of age is presumed incapable of committing an offense described by Subsection (a)(4) or (5). This presumption may be refuted if the prosecution proves to the court by a preponderance of the evidence that the actor had sufficient capacity to understand that the conduct engaged in was wrong at the time the conduct was engaged in. The prosecution is not required to prove that the actor at the time of engaging in the conduct knew that the act was a criminal offense or knew the legal consequences of the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 2158, ch. 693, Sec. 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1040, Sec. 26, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1245, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 169, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 262, Sec. 77, eff. Jan. 1, 1996; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 30.236, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 822, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1086, Sec. 42, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1297, Sec. 68, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 283, Sec. 52, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 787 (S.B. 60), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 949 (H.B. 1575), Sec. 45, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 311 (H.B. 558), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1407 (S.B. 393), Sec. 17, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 425 (H.B. 1819), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.08"> <num value="8.08">Sec. 8.08.</num> <heading>CHILD WITH MENTAL ILLNESS, DISABILITY, OR LACK OF CAPACITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>On motion by the state, the defendant, or a person standing in parental relation to the defendant, or on the court's own motion, a court with jurisdiction of an offense described by Section 8.07(a)(4) or (5) shall determine whether probable cause exists to believe that a child, including a child with a mental illness or developmental disability:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>lacks the capacity to understand the proceedings in criminal court or to assist in the child's own defense and is unfit to proceed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>lacks substantial capacity either to appreciate the wrongfulness of the child's own conduct or to conform the child's conduct to the requirement of the law.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If the court determines that probable cause exists for a finding under Subsection (a), after providing notice to the state, the court may dismiss the complaint.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.08/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A dismissal of a complaint under Subsection (b) may be appealed as provided by Article 44.01, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.08/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>In this section, "child" has the meaning assigned by Article 45A.453(a), Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1407 (S.B. 393), Sec. 18, eff. September 1, 2013. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 765 (H.B. 4504), Sec. 2.154, eff. January 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09"> <num value="8.09">Sec. 8.09.</num> <heading>VICTIM OF TRAFFICKING OR COMPELLING PROSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (b), it is an affirmative defense to prosecution that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was a victim of an offense under Section 20A.02 or 43.05; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>engaged in the conduct that is the subject of the prosecution as a direct result of being caused, through means of force, fraud, or coercion as described by Subsection (c), to engage in that specific conduct.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Subsection (a) applies only if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor would not have engaged in the conduct that is the subject of the prosecution but for the use of force, fraud, or coercion;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the use of force, fraud, or coercion would have compelled a reasonable person in the actor's circumstances to engage in the conduct;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor was not merely afforded an opportunity to engage in the conduct without the use of force, fraud, or coercion; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the conduct does not constitute an offense listed in Article 42A.054(a), Code of Criminal Procedure, unless the actor is charged only as a party to that offense under Section 7.01.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "force, fraud, or coercion" has the same meaning as in Section 20A.02.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Information relevant to the identification of a defendant's status as a victim of an offense described by Subsection (a)(1) may be offered to establish an affirmative defense under this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c8/s8.09/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, the actor is not required to prove that the person using force, fraud, or coercion to cause the actor to engage in the conduct that is the subject of the prosecution was charged with or convicted of an offense under Section 20A.02 or 43.05.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 14 (S.B. 11), Sec. 1, eff. December 4, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9"> <num value="9">CHAPTER 9.</num> <heading>JUSTIFICATION EXCLUDING CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY</heading> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA"> <num value="A">SUBCHAPTER A.</num> <heading>GENERAL PROVISIONS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.01"> <num value="9.01">Sec. 9.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Custody" has the meaning assigned by Section 38.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Escape" has the meaning assigned by Section 38.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Deadly force" means force that is intended or known by the actor to cause, or in the manner of its use or intended use is capable of causing, death or serious bodily injury.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Habitation" has the meaning assigned by Section 30.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Vehicle" has the meaning assigned by Section 30.01.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 293, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 378), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.02"> <num value="9.02">Sec. 9.02.</num> <heading>JUSTIFICATION AS A DEFENSE</heading> <content>It is a defense to prosecution that the conduct in question is justified under this chapter.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.03"> <num value="9.03">Sec. 9.03.</num> <heading>CONFINEMENT AS JUSTIFIABLE FORCE</heading> <content>Confinement is justified when force is justified by this chapter if the actor takes reasonable measures to terminate the confinement as soon as he knows he safely can unless the person confined has been arrested for an offense.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.04"> <num value="9.04">Sec. 9.04.</num> <heading>THREATS AS JUSTIFIABLE FORCE</heading> <content>The threat of force is justified when the use of force is justified by this chapter. For purposes of this section, a threat to cause death or serious bodily injury by the production of a weapon or otherwise, as long as the actor's purpose is limited to creating an apprehension that he will use deadly force if necessary, does not constitute the use of deadly force.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.05"> <num value="9.05">Sec. 9.05.</num> <heading>RECKLESS INJURY OF INNOCENT THIRD PERSON</heading> <content>Even though an actor is justified under this chapter in threatening or using force or deadly force against another, if in doing so he also recklessly injures or kills an innocent third person, the justification afforded by this chapter is unavailable in a prosecution for the reckless injury or killing of the innocent third person.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scA/s9.06"> <num value="9.06">Sec. 9.06.</num> <heading>CIVIL REMEDIES UNAFFECTED</heading> <content>The fact that conduct is justified under this chapter does not abolish or impair any remedy for the conduct that is available in a civil suit.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB"> <num value="B">SUBCHAPTER B.</num> <heading>JUSTIFICATION GENERALLY</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.21"> <num value="9.21">Sec. 9.21.</num> <heading>PUBLIC DUTY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.21/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>Except as qualified by Subsections (b) and (c), conduct is justified if the actor reasonably believes the conduct is required or authorized by law, by the judgment or order of a competent court or other governmental tribunal, or in the execution of legal process.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.21/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The other sections of this chapter control when force is used against a person to protect persons (Subchapter C), to protect property (Subchapter D), for law enforcement (Subchapter E), or by virtue of a special relationship (Subchapter F).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.21/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>The use of deadly force is not justified under this section unless the actor reasonably believes the deadly force is specifically required by statute or unless it occurs in the lawful conduct of war. If deadly force is so justified, there is no duty to retreat before using it.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.21/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>The justification afforded by this section is available if the actor reasonably believes:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.21/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the court or governmental tribunal has jurisdiction or the process is lawful, even though the court or governmental tribunal lacks jurisdiction or the process is unlawful; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.21/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>his conduct is required or authorized to assist a public servant in the performance of his official duty, even though the servant exceeds his lawful authority.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.22"> <num value="9.22">Sec. 9.22.</num> <heading>NECESSITY</heading> <chapeau>Conduct is justified if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.22/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor reasonably believes the conduct is immediately necessary to avoid imminent harm;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.22/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the desirability and urgency of avoiding the harm clearly outweigh, according to ordinary standards of reasonableness, the harm sought to be prevented by the law proscribing the conduct; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scB/s9.22/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a legislative purpose to exclude the justification claimed for the conduct does not otherwise plainly appear.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC"> <num value="C">SUBCHAPTER C.</num> <heading>PROTECTION OF PERSONS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31"> <num value="9.31">Sec. 9.31.</num> <heading>SELF-DEFENSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided in Subsection (b), a person is justified in using force against another when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to protect the actor against the other's use or attempted use of unlawful force. The actor's belief that the force was immediately necessary as described by this subsection is presumed to be reasonable if the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>knew or had reason to believe that the person against whom the force was used:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>unlawfully and with force entered, or was attempting to enter unlawfully and with force, the actor's occupied habitation, vehicle, or place of business or employment;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>unlawfully and with force removed, or was attempting to remove unlawfully and with force, the actor from the actor's habitation, vehicle, or place of business or employment; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>was committing or attempting to commit aggravated kidnapping, murder, sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, robbery, or aggravated robbery;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>did not provoke the person against whom the force was used; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was not otherwise engaged in criminal activity, other than a Class C misdemeanor that is a violation of a law or ordinance regulating traffic at the time the force was used.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>The use of force against another is not justified:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>in response to verbal provocation alone;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>to resist an arrest or search that the actor knows is being made by a peace officer, or by a person acting in a peace officer's presence and at his direction, even though the arrest or search is unlawful, unless the resistance is justified under Subsection (c);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>if the actor consented to the exact force used or attempted by the other;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>if the actor provoked the other's use or attempted use of unlawful force, unless:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor abandons the encounter, or clearly communicates to the other his intent to do so reasonably believing he cannot safely abandon the encounter; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the other nevertheless continues or attempts to use unlawful force against the actor; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>if the actor sought an explanation from or discussion with the other person concerning the actor's differences with the other person while the actor was:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carrying a weapon in violation of Section 46.02; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>possessing or transporting a weapon in violation of Section 46.05.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>The use of force to resist an arrest or search is justified:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>if, before the actor offers any resistance, the peace officer (or person acting at his direction) uses or attempts to use greater force than necessary to make the arrest or search; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to protect himself against the peace officer's (or other person's) use or attempted use of greater force than necessary.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>The use of deadly force is not justified under this subchapter except as provided in Sections 9.32, 9.33, and 9.34.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A person who has a right to be present at the location where the force is used, who has not provoked the person against whom the force is used, and who is not engaged in criminal activity at the time the force is used is not required to retreat before using force as described by this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.31/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (a), in determining whether an actor described by Subsection (e) reasonably believed that the use of force was necessary, a finder of fact may not consider whether the actor failed to retreat.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 190, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 378), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32"> <num value="9.32">Sec. 9.32.</num> <heading>DEADLY FORCE IN DEFENSE OF PERSON</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person is justified in using deadly force against another:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>if the actor would be justified in using force against the other under Section 9.31; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the deadly force is immediately necessary:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to protect the actor against the other's use or attempted use of unlawful deadly force; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to prevent the other's imminent commission of aggravated kidnapping, murder, sexual assault, aggravated sexual assault, robbery, or aggravated robbery.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>The actor's belief under Subsection (a)(2) that the deadly force was immediately necessary as described by that subdivision is presumed to be reasonable if the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>knew or had reason to believe that the person against whom the deadly force was used:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>unlawfully and with force entered, or was attempting to enter unlawfully and with force, the actor's occupied habitation, vehicle, or place of business or employment;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>unlawfully and with force removed, or was attempting to remove unlawfully and with force, the actor from the actor's habitation, vehicle, or place of business or employment; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>was committing or attempting to commit an offense described by Subsection (a)(2)(B);</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>did not provoke the person against whom the force was used; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was not otherwise engaged in criminal activity, other than a Class C misdemeanor that is a violation of a law or ordinance regulating traffic at the time the force was used.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person who has a right to be present at the location where the deadly force is used, who has not provoked the person against whom the deadly force is used, and who is not engaged in criminal activity at the time the deadly force is used is not required to retreat before using deadly force as described by this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.32/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (a)(2), in determining whether an actor described by Subsection (c) reasonably believed that the use of deadly force was necessary, a finder of fact may not consider whether the actor failed to retreat.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5316, ch. 977, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 235, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 378), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.33"> <num value="9.33">Sec. 9.33.</num> <heading>DEFENSE OF THIRD PERSON</heading> <chapeau>A person is justified in using force or deadly force against another to protect a third person if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.33/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>under the circumstances as the actor reasonably believes them to be, the actor would be justified under Section 9.31 or 9.32 in using force or deadly force to protect himself against the unlawful force or unlawful deadly force he reasonably believes to be threatening the third person he seeks to protect; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.33/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor reasonably believes that his intervention is immediately necessary to protect the third person.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.34"> <num value="9.34">Sec. 9.34.</num> <heading>PROTECTION OF LIFE OR HEALTH</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.34/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person is justified in using force, but not deadly force, against another when and to the degree he reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to prevent the other from committing suicide or inflicting serious bodily injury to himself.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scC/s9.34/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person is justified in using both force and deadly force against another when and to the degree he reasonably believes the force or deadly force is immediately necessary to preserve the other's life in an emergency.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD"> <num value="D">SUBCHAPTER D.</num> <heading>PROTECTION OF PROPERTY</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.41"> <num value="9.41">Sec. 9.41.</num> <heading>PROTECTION OF ONE'S OWN PROPERTY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.41/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person in lawful possession of land or tangible, movable property is justified in using force against another when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to prevent or terminate the other's trespass on the land or unlawful interference with the property.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.41/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person unlawfully dispossessed of land or tangible, movable property by another is justified in using force against the other when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to reenter the land or recover the property if the actor uses the force immediately or in fresh pursuit after the dispossession and:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.41/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor reasonably believes the other had no claim of right when he dispossessed the actor; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.41/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the other accomplished the dispossession by using force, threat, or fraud against the actor.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.42"> <num value="9.42">Sec. 9.42.</num> <heading>DEADLY FORCE TO PROTECT PROPERTY</heading> <chapeau>A person is justified in using deadly force against another to protect land or tangible, movable property:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.42/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>if he would be justified in using force against the other under Section 9.41; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.42/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>when and to the degree he reasonably believes the deadly force is immediately necessary:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.42/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to prevent the other's imminent commission of arson, burglary, robbery, aggravated robbery, theft during the nighttime, or criminal mischief during the nighttime; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.42/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to prevent the other who is fleeing immediately after committing burglary, robbery, aggravated robbery, or theft during the nighttime from escaping with the property; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.42/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>he reasonably believes that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.42/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the land or property cannot be protected or recovered by any other means; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.42/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the use of force other than deadly force to protect or recover the land or property would expose the actor or another to a substantial risk of death or serious bodily injury.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.43"> <num value="9.43">Sec. 9.43.</num> <heading>PROTECTION OF THIRD PERSON'S PROPERTY</heading> <chapeau>A person is justified in using force or deadly force against another to protect land or tangible, movable property of a third person if, under the circumstances as he reasonably believes them to be, the actor would be justified under Section 9.41 or 9.42 in using force or deadly force to protect his own land or property and:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.43/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor reasonably believes the unlawful interference constitutes attempted or consummated theft of or criminal mischief to the tangible, movable property; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.43/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the actor reasonably believes that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.43/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the third person has requested his protection of the land or property;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.43/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>he has a legal duty to protect the third person's land or property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.43/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the third person whose land or property he uses force or deadly force to protect is the actor's spouse, parent, or child, resides with the actor, or is under the actor's care.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.44"> <num value="9.44">Sec. 9.44.</num> <heading>USE OF DEVICE TO PROTECT PROPERTY</heading> <chapeau>The justification afforded by Sections 9.41 and 9.43 applies to the use of a device to protect land or tangible, movable property if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.44/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the device is not designed to cause, or known by the actor to create a substantial risk of causing, death or serious bodily injury; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scD/s9.44/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>use of the device is reasonable under all the circumstances as the actor reasonably believes them to be when he installs the device.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 913, ch. 342, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1975. Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE"> <num value="E">SUBCHAPTER E.</num> <heading>LAW ENFORCEMENT</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51"> <num value="9.51">Sec. 9.51.</num> <heading>ARREST AND SEARCH</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A peace officer, or a person acting in a peace officer's presence and at his direction, is justified in using force against another when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to make or assist in making an arrest or search, or to prevent or assist in preventing escape after arrest, if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor reasonably believes the arrest or search is lawful or, if the arrest or search is made under a warrant, he reasonably believes the warrant is valid; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>before using force, the actor manifests his purpose to arrest or search and identifies himself as a peace officer or as one acting at a peace officer's direction, unless he reasonably believes his purpose and identity are already known by or cannot reasonably be made known to the person to be arrested.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person other than a peace officer (or one acting at his direction) is justified in using force against another when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is immediately necessary to make or assist in making a lawful arrest, or to prevent or assist in preventing escape after lawful arrest if, before using force, the actor manifests his purpose to and the reason for the arrest or reasonably believes his purpose and the reason are already known by or cannot reasonably be made known to the person to be arrested.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>A peace officer is justified in using deadly force against another when and to the degree the peace officer reasonably believes the deadly force is immediately necessary to make an arrest, or to prevent escape after arrest, if the use of force would have been justified under Subsection (a) and:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor reasonably believes the conduct for which arrest is authorized included the use or attempted use of deadly force; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor reasonably believes there is a substantial risk that the person to be arrested will cause death or serious bodily injury to the actor or another if the arrest is delayed.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>A person other than a peace officer acting in a peace officer's presence and at his direction is justified in using deadly force against another when and to the degree the person reasonably believes the deadly force is immediately necessary to make a lawful arrest, or to prevent escape after a lawful arrest, if the use of force would have been justified under Subsection (b) and:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor reasonably believes the felony or offense against the public peace for which arrest is authorized included the use or attempted use of deadly force; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor reasonably believes there is a substantial risk that the person to be arrested will cause death or serious bodily injury to another if the arrest is delayed.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>There is no duty to retreat before using deadly force justified by Subsection (c) or (d).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>Nothing in this section relating to the actor's manifestation of purpose or identity shall be construed as conflicting with any other law relating to the issuance, service, and execution of an arrest or search warrant either under the laws of this state or the United States.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.51/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>Deadly force may only be used under the circumstances enumerated in Subsections (c) and (d).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.52"> <num value="9.52">Sec. 9.52.</num> <heading>PREVENTION OF ESCAPE FROM CUSTODY</heading> <content>The use of force to prevent the escape of an arrested person from custody is justifiable when the force could have been employed to effect the arrest under which the person is in custody, except that a guard employed by a correctional facility or a peace officer is justified in using any force, including deadly force, that he reasonably believes to be immediately necessary to prevent the escape of a person from the correctional facility.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.53"> <num value="9.53">Sec. 9.53.</num> <heading>MAINTAINING SECURITY IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITY</heading> <content>An officer or employee of a correctional facility is justified in using force against a person in custody when and to the degree the officer or employee reasonably believes the force is necessary to maintain the security of the correctional facility, the safety or security of other persons in custody or employed by the correctional facility, or his own safety or security.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 512, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.54"> <num value="9.54">Sec. 9.54.</num> <heading>LIMITATION ON USE OF FORCE BY DRONE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.54/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.54/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Autonomous drone" means a drone that operates autonomously through computer software or other programming.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.54/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Drone" and "law enforcement agency" have the meanings assigned by Article 2B.0253, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.54/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Notwithstanding any other law, the use of force, including deadly force, involving a drone is justified under this subchapter only if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.54/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>at the time the use of force occurred, the actor was employed by a law enforcement agency;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.54/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the use of force:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.54/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>would have been justified under another provision of this subchapter; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.54/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>did not involve the use of deadly force by means of an autonomous drone; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.54/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>before the use of force occurred, the law enforcement agency employing the actor adopted and submitted to the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement a policy on the agency's use of force by means of a drone, as required by Article 2B.0253, Code of Criminal Procedure, and the use of force conformed to the requirements of that policy.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1011 (H.B. 1758), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 765 (H.B. 4504), Sec. 2.155, eff. January 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.55"> <num value="9.55">Sec. 9.55.</num> <heading>USE OF LESS-LETHAL FORCE WEAPON</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.55/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "less-lethal force weapon" means:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.55/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any weapon, device, or munition that is designed, made, or adapted to expel a projectile or multiple projectiles against a target to temporarily incapacitate the target while minimizing the risk of serious bodily injury or death;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.55/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a chemical dispensing device;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.55/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a device used to strike a person; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.55/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a stun gun, as defined by Section 38.14.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.55/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>This section applies only to a guard employed by a correctional facility or a peace officer who is engaged in the discharge of the guard's or officer's official duties.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scE/s9.55/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person to whom this section applies is justified in using force with a less-lethal force weapon against another when and to the degree the person reasonably believes the force was necessary to accomplish the person's official duties as a guard or officer and if the person's use of the weapon is in substantial compliance with the person's training.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 514 (S.B. 2570), Sec. 1, eff. June 20, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF"> <num value="F">SUBCHAPTER F.</num> <heading>SPECIAL RELATIONSHIPS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.61"> <num value="9.61">Sec. 9.61.</num> <heading>PARENT-CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.61/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>The use of force, but not deadly force, against a child younger than 18 years is justified:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.61/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>if the actor is the child's parent or stepparent or is acting in loco parentis to the child; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.61/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is necessary to discipline the child or to safeguard or promote his welfare.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.61/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "in loco parentis" includes grandparent and guardian, any person acting by, through, or under the direction of a court with jurisdiction over the child, and anyone who has express or implied consent of the parent or parents.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.62"> <num value="9.62">Sec. 9.62.</num> <heading>EDUCATOR-STUDENT</heading> <chapeau>The use of force, but not deadly force, against a person is justified:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.62/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>if the actor is entrusted with the care, supervision, or administration of the person for a special purpose; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.62/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is necessary to further the special purpose or to maintain discipline in a group.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.63"> <num value="9.63">Sec. 9.63.</num> <heading>GUARDIAN-INCOMPETENT</heading> <chapeau>The use of force, but not deadly force, against a mental incompetent is justified:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.63/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>if the actor is the incompetent's guardian or someone similarly responsible for the general care and supervision of the incompetent; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.63/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>when and to the degree the actor reasonably believes the force is necessary:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.63/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to safeguard and promote the incompetent's welfare; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t2/c9/scF/s9.63/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>if the incompetent is in an institution for his care and custody, to maintain discipline in the institution.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> </chapter> <num value="3">TITLE 3.</num> <heading>PUNISHMENTS</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12"> <num value="12">CHAPTER 12.</num> <heading>PUNISHMENTS</heading> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA"> <num value="A">SUBCHAPTER A.</num> <heading>GENERAL PROVISIONS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.01"> <num value="12.01">Sec. 12.01.</num> <heading>PUNISHMENT IN ACCORDANCE WITH CODE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person adjudged guilty of an offense under this code shall be punished in accordance with this chapter and the Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Penal laws enacted after the effective date of this code shall be classified for punishment purposes in accordance with this chapter.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>This chapter does not deprive a court of authority conferred by law to forfeit property, dissolve a corporation, suspend or cancel a license or permit, remove a person from office, cite for contempt, or impose any other civil penalty. The civil penalty may be included in the sentence.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.02"> <num value="12.02">Sec. 12.02.</num> <heading>CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES</heading> <content>Offenses are designated as felonies or misdemeanors.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.03"> <num value="12.03">Sec. 12.03.</num> <heading>CLASSIFICATION OF MISDEMEANORS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Misdemeanors are classified according to the relative seriousness of the offense into three categories:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>Class A misdemeanors;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>Class B misdemeanors;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>Class C misdemeanors.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense designated a misdemeanor in this code without specification as to punishment or category is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Conviction of a Class C misdemeanor does not impose any legal disability or disadvantage.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.04"> <num value="12.04">Sec. 12.04.</num> <heading>CLASSIFICATION OF FELONIES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Felonies are classified according to the relative seriousness of the offense into five categories:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>capital felonies;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>felonies of the first degree;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>felonies of the second degree;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>felonies of the third degree; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.04/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>state jail felonies.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scA/s12.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense designated a felony in this code without specification as to category is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1125, ch. 426, art. 2, Sec. 3, eff. Jan. 1, 1974; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scB"> <num value="B">SUBCHAPTER B.</num> <heading>ORDINARY MISDEMEANOR PUNISHMENTS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scB/s12.21"> <num value="12.21">Sec. 12.21.</num> <heading>CLASS A MISDEMEANOR</heading> <chapeau>An individual adjudged guilty of a Class A misdemeanor shall be punished by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scB/s12.21/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a fine not to exceed $4,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scB/s12.21/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>confinement in jail for a term not to exceed one year; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scB/s12.21/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>both such fine and confinement.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 108, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scB/s12.22"> <num value="12.22">Sec. 12.22.</num> <heading>CLASS B MISDEMEANOR</heading> <chapeau>An individual adjudged guilty of a Class B misdemeanor shall be punished by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scB/s12.22/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a fine not to exceed $2,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scB/s12.22/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>confinement in jail for a term not to exceed 180 days; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scB/s12.22/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>both such fine and confinement.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 108, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scB/s12.23"> <num value="12.23">Sec. 12.23.</num> <heading>CLASS C MISDEMEANOR</heading> <content>An individual adjudged guilty of a Class C misdemeanor shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $500.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 108, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC"> <num value="C">SUBCHAPTER C.</num> <heading>ORDINARY FELONY PUNISHMENTS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.31"> <num value="12.31">Sec. 12.31.</num> <heading>CAPITAL FELONY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.31/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>An individual adjudged guilty of a capital felony in a case in which the state seeks the death penalty shall be punished by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life without parole or by death. An individual adjudged guilty of a capital felony in a case in which the state does not seek the death penalty shall be punished by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.31/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>life, if the individual committed the offense when younger than 18 years of age; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.31/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>life without parole, if the individual committed the offense when 18 years of age or older.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.31/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In a capital felony trial in which the state seeks the death penalty, prospective jurors shall be informed that a sentence of life imprisonment without parole or death is mandatory on conviction of a capital felony. In a capital felony trial in which the state does not seek the death penalty, prospective jurors shall be informed that the state is not seeking the death penalty and that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.31/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a sentence of life imprisonment is mandatory on conviction of the capital felony, if the individual committed the offense when younger than 18 years of age; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.31/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a sentence of life imprisonment without parole is mandatory on conviction of the capital felony, if the individual committed the offense when 18 years of age or older.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1124, ch. 426, art. 2, Sec. 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 652, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 838, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 787 (S.B. 60), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 25.145, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 765 (S.B. 839), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 2, Sec. 1, eff. July 22, 2013.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.32"> <num value="12.32">Sec. 12.32.</num> <heading>FIRST DEGREE FELONY PUNISHMENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.32/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>An individual adjudged guilty of a felony of the first degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 5 years.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.32/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In addition to imprisonment, an individual adjudged guilty of a felony of the first degree may be punished by a fine not to exceed $10,000.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 12.31 by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1124, ch. 426, art. 2, Sec. 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1058, ch. 488, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 25.146, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.33"> <num value="12.33">Sec. 12.33.</num> <heading>SECOND DEGREE FELONY PUNISHMENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.33/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>An individual adjudged guilty of a felony of the second degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for any term of not more than 20 years or less than 2 years.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.33/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In addition to imprisonment, an individual adjudged guilty of a felony of the second degree may be punished by a fine not to exceed $10,000.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 12.32 by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1124, ch. 426, art. 2, Sec. 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 25.147, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.34"> <num value="12.34">Sec. 12.34.</num> <heading>THIRD DEGREE FELONY PUNISHMENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.34/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>An individual adjudged guilty of a felony of the third degree shall be punished by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for any term of not more than 10 years or less than 2 years.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.34/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In addition to imprisonment, an individual adjudged guilty of a felony of the third degree may be punished by a fine not to exceed $10,000.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 12.33 by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1124, ch. 426, art. 2, Sec. 2, eff. Jan. 1,1974. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 785, Sec. 4.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1990, 71st Leg., 6th C.S., ch. 25, Sec. 7, eff. June 18, 1990; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 25.148, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.35"> <num value="12.35">Sec. 12.35.</num> <heading>STATE JAIL FELONY PUNISHMENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.35/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (c), an individual adjudged guilty of a state jail felony shall be punished by confinement in a state jail for any term of not more than two years or less than 180 days.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.35/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In addition to confinement, an individual adjudged guilty of a state jail felony may be punished by a fine not to exceed $10,000.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.35/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An individual adjudged guilty of a state jail felony shall be punished for a third degree felony if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.35/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a deadly weapon as defined by Section 1.07 was used or exhibited during the commission of the offense or during immediate flight following the commission of the offense, and that the individual used or exhibited the deadly weapon or was a party to the offense and knew that a deadly weapon would be used or exhibited; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.35/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the individual has previously been finally convicted of any felony:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.35/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>under Section 21.02 or 21.03 or listed in Article 42A.054(a), Code of Criminal Procedure; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scC/s12.35/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>for which the judgment contains an affirmative finding under Article 42A.054(c) or (d), Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 3.48, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 122 (H.B. 3000), Sec. 13, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 770 (H.B. 2299), Sec. 2.81, eff. January 1, 2017. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 768 (H.B. 4595), Sec. 17.001, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 557 (H.B. 1422), Sec. 13, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD"> <num value="D">SUBCHAPTER D.</num> <heading>EXCEPTIONAL SENTENCES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.41"> <num value="12.41">Sec. 12.41.</num> <heading>CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENSES OUTSIDE THIS CODE</heading> <chapeau>For purposes of this subchapter, any conviction not obtained from a prosecution under this code shall be classified as follows:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.41/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"felony of the third degree" if imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice or another penitentiary is affixed to the offense as a possible punishment;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.41/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Class B misdemeanor" if the offense is not a felony and confinement in a jail is affixed to the offense as a possible punishment;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.41/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Class C misdemeanor" if the offense is punishable by fine only.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 25.149, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42"> <num value="12.42">Sec. 12.42.</num> <heading>PENALTIES FOR REPEAT AND HABITUAL FELONY OFFENDERS ON TRIAL FOR FIRST, SECOND, OR THIRD DEGREE FELONY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (c)(2), if it is shown on the trial of a felony of the third degree that the defendant has previously been finally convicted of a felony other than a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a), on conviction the defendant shall be punished for a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (c)(2) or (c)(4), if it is shown on the trial of a felony of the second degree that the defendant has previously been finally convicted of a felony other than a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a), on conviction the defendant shall be punished for a felony of the first degree.</content> <continuation>(c)(1) If it is shown on the trial of a felony of the first degree that the defendant has previously been finally convicted of a felony other than a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a), on conviction the defendant shall be punished by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life, or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 15 years. In addition to imprisonment, an individual may be punished by a fine not to exceed $10,000.</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>Notwithstanding Subdivision (1), a defendant shall be punished by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the defendant is convicted of an offense:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>under Section 20A.02(a)(7) or (8), 21.11(a)(1), 22.021, or 22.011, Penal Code;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>under Section 20.04(a)(4), Penal Code, if the defendant committed the offense with the intent to violate or abuse the victim sexually; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>under Section 30.02, Penal Code, punishable under Subsection (d) of that section, if the defendant committed the offense with the intent to commit a felony described by Subparagraph (i) or (ii) or a felony under Section 21.11, Penal Code; and</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>under Section 43.25 or 43.26, Penal Code, or an offense under Section 43.23, Penal Code, punishable under Subsection (h) of that section;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>under Section 20A.02(a)(7) or (8), 21.02, 21.03, 21.11, 22.011, 22.021, or 25.02, Penal Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>under Section 20.04(a)(4), Penal Code, if the defendant committed the offense with the intent to violate or abuse the victim sexually;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>under Section 30.02, Penal Code, punishable under Subsection (d) of that section, if the defendant committed the offense with the intent to commit a felony described by Subparagraph (ii) or (iii); or</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>under the laws of another state containing elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense listed in Subparagraph (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv).</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>Notwithstanding Subdivision (1) or (2), a defendant shall be punished for a capital felony if it is shown on the trial of an offense under Section 22.021 otherwise punishable under Subsection (f) of that section that the defendant has previously been finally convicted of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an offense under Section 22.021 that was committed against a victim described by Section 22.021(f)(1) or was committed against a victim described by Section 22.021(f)(2) and in a manner described by Section 22.021(a)(2)(A); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an offense that was committed under the laws of another state that:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>contains elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense under Section 22.021; and</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>was committed against a victim described by Section 22.021(f)(1) or was committed against a victim described by Section 22.021(f)(2) and in a manner substantially similar to a manner described by Section 22.021(a)(2)(A).</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>Notwithstanding Subdivision (1) or (2), and except as provided by Subdivision (3) for the trial of an offense under Section 22.021 as described by that subdivision, a defendant shall be punished by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life without parole if it is shown on the trial of an offense under Section 20A.03 or of a sexually violent offense, committed by the defendant on or after the defendant's 18th birthday, that the defendant has previously been finally convicted of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an offense under Section 20A.03 or of a sexually violent offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an offense that was committed under the laws of another state and that contains elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense under Section 20A.03 or of a sexually violent offense.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>A previous conviction for a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a) may not be used for enhancement purposes under Subdivision (2).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (c)(2), (c)(4), or (e), if it is shown on the trial of a felony offense other than a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a) that the defendant has previously been finally convicted of two felony offenses, and the second previous felony conviction is for an offense that occurred subsequent to the first previous conviction having become final, on conviction the defendant shall be punished by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life, or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years. A previous conviction for a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a) may not be used for enhancement purposes under this subsection.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Subsection (c) or (d), if it is shown on the trial of a felony offense other than a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a) that the defendant was civilly committed as a sexually violent predator under Chapter 841, Health and Safety Code, at the time of the offense, on conviction the defendant shall be punished by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life, or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>For the purposes of Subsections (a), (b), and (c)(1), an adjudication by a juvenile court under Section 54.03, Family Code, that a child engaged in delinquent conduct on or after January 1, 1996, constituting a felony offense for which the child is committed to the Texas Juvenile Justice Department under Section 54.04(d)(2), (d)(3), or (m), Family Code, or Section 54.05(f), Family Code, or to a post-adjudication secure correctional facility under Section 54.04011, Family Code, is a final felony conviction.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>For the purposes of Subsection (c)(2):</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a defendant has been previously convicted of an offense listed under Subsection (c)(2)(B) if the defendant was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred adjudication, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and the defendant was subsequently discharged from community supervision; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a conviction under the laws of another state for an offense containing elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense listed under Subsection (c)(2)(B) is a conviction of an offense listed under Subsection (c)(2)(B).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "sexually violent offense" means an offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>described by Article 62.001(6), Code of Criminal Procedure; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.42/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>for which an affirmative finding has been entered under Article 42.015(b) or 42A.105(a), Code of Criminal Procedure, for an offense other than an offense under Section 21.02 or 22.021.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 1750, ch. 339, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 582, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 250, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 262, Sec. 78, eff. Jan. 1, 1996; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 665, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 667, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 283, Sec. 53, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1005, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 340 (S.B. 75), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 340 (S.B. 75), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 340 (S.B. 75), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 340 (S.B. 75), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 1.14, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 1.15, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 25.150, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 6.02, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 122 (H.B. 3000), Sec. 14, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 834 (H.B. 3384), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 834 (H.B. 3384), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 834 (H.B. 3384), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 834 (H.B. 3384), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 834 (H.B. 3384), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1119 (H.B. 3), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1119 (H.B. 3), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 161 (S.B. 1093), Sec. 16.003, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 663 (H.B. 1302), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 663 (H.B. 1302), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 663 (H.B. 1302), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1323 (S.B. 511), Sec. 11, eff. December 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 770 (H.B. 2299), Sec. 2.82, eff. January 1, 2017. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 557 (H.B. 1422), Sec. 14, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1145 (S.B. 1610), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.425"> <num value="12.425">Sec. 12.425.</num> <heading>PENALTIES FOR REPEAT AND HABITUAL FELONY OFFENDERS ON TRIAL FOR STATE JAIL FELONY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.425/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>If it is shown on the trial of a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a) that the defendant has previously been finally convicted of two state jail felonies punishable under Section 12.35(a), on conviction the defendant shall be punished for a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.425/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If it is shown on the trial of a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a) that the defendant has previously been finally convicted of two felonies other than a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a), and the second previous felony conviction is for an offense that occurred subsequent to the first previous conviction having become final, on conviction the defendant shall be punished for a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.425/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If it is shown on the trial of a state jail felony for which punishment may be enhanced under Section 12.35(c) that the defendant has previously been finally convicted of a felony other than a state jail felony punishable under Section 12.35(a), on conviction the defendant shall be punished for a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 834 (H.B. 3384), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43"> <num value="12.43">Sec. 12.43.</num> <heading>PENALTIES FOR REPEAT AND HABITUAL MISDEMEANOR OFFENDERS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>If it is shown on the trial of a Class A misdemeanor that the defendant has been before convicted of a Class A misdemeanor or any degree of felony, on conviction he shall be punished by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a fine not to exceed $4,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>confinement in jail for any term of not more than one year or less than 90 days; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>both such fine and confinement.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>If it is shown on the trial of a Class B misdemeanor that the defendant has been before convicted of a Class A or Class B misdemeanor or any degree of felony, on conviction he shall be punished by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a fine not to exceed $2,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>confinement in jail for any term of not more than 180 days or less than 30 days; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>both such fine and confinement.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>If it is shown on the trial of an offense punishable as a Class C misdemeanor under Section 42.01 or 49.02 that the defendant has been before convicted under either of those sections three times or three times for any combination of those offenses and each prior offense was committed in the 24 months preceding the date of commission of the instant offense, the defendant shall be punished by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a fine not to exceed $2,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>confinement in jail for a term not to exceed 180 days; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>both such fine and confinement.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.43/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If the punishment scheme for an offense contains a specific enhancement provision increasing punishment for a defendant who has previously been convicted of the offense, the specific enhancement provision controls over this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 564, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.44"> <num value="12.44">Sec. 12.44.</num> <heading>REDUCTION OF STATE JAIL FELONY PUNISHMENT TO MISDEMEANOR PUNISHMENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.44/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A court may punish a defendant who is convicted of a state jail felony by imposing the confinement permissible as punishment for a Class A misdemeanor if, after considering the gravity and circumstances of the felony committed and the history, character, and rehabilitative needs of the defendant, the court finds that such punishment would best serve the ends of justice.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.44/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>At the request of the prosecuting attorney, the court may authorize the prosecuting attorney to prosecute a state jail felony as a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 785, Sec. 4.02, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1276 (H.B. 2296), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.45"> <num value="12.45">Sec. 12.45.</num> <heading>ADMISSION OF UNADJUDICATED OFFENSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.45/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person may, with the consent of the attorney for the state, admit during the sentencing hearing his guilt of one or more unadjudicated offenses and request the court to take each into account in determining sentence for the offense or offenses of which he stands adjudged guilty.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.45/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Before a court may take into account an admitted offense over which exclusive venue lies in another county or district, the court must obtain permission from the prosecuting attorney with jurisdiction over the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.45/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If a court lawfully takes into account an admitted offense, prosecution is barred for that offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4131, ch. 649, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1983; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.46"> <num value="12.46">Sec. 12.46.</num> <heading>USE OF PRIOR CONVICTIONS</heading> <content>The use of a conviction for enhancement purposes shall not preclude the subsequent use of such conviction for enhancement purposes.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1027, ch. 459, Sec. 1, eff. June 7, 1979. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.47"> <num value="12.47">Sec. 12.47.</num> <heading>PENALTY IF OFFENSE COMMITTED BECAUSE OF BIAS OR PREJUDICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.47/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>If an affirmative finding under Article 42.014, Code of Criminal Procedure, is made in the trial of an offense other than a first degree felony or a Class A misdemeanor, the punishment for the offense is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next highest category of offense. If the offense is a Class A misdemeanor, the minimum term of confinement for the offense is increased to 180 days. This section does not apply to the trial of an offense of injury to a disabled individual under Section 22.04, if the affirmative finding in the case under Article 42.014, Code of Criminal Procedure, shows that the defendant intentionally selected the victim because the victim was disabled.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.47/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The attorney general, if requested to do so by a prosecuting attorney, may assist the prosecuting attorney in the investigation or prosecution of an offense committed because of bias or prejudice. The attorney general shall designate one individual in the division of the attorney general's office that assists in the prosecution of criminal cases to coordinate responses to requests made under this subsection.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 987, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1993. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 751, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 85, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.48"> <num value="12.48">Sec. 12.48.</num> <heading>CERTAIN OFFENSES RESULTING IN LOSS TO NURSING AND CONVALESCENT HOMES</heading> <content>If it is shown on the trial of an offense under Chapter 31 or 32 that, as a result of a loss incurred because of the conduct charged, a trustee was appointed and emergency assistance funds, other than funds used to pay the expenses of the trustee, were used for a nursing or convalescent home under Subchapter D, Chapter 242, Health and Safety Code, the punishment for the offense is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next higher category of offense except that a felony of the first degree is punished as a felony of the first degree.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 439, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.49"> <num value="12.49">Sec. 12.49.</num> <heading>PENALTY IF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE USED TO COMMIT OFFENSE</heading> <content>If the court makes an affirmative finding under Article 42.012, Code of Criminal Procedure, in the punishment phase of the trial of an offense under Chapter 29, Chapter 31, or Title 5, other than a first degree felony or a Class A misdemeanor, the punishment for the offense is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next highest category of offense. If the offense is a Class A misdemeanor, the minimum term of confinement for the offense is increased to 180 days.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 417, Sec. 2(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 12.48 and amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 21.001(93), 21.002(15), eff. Sept. 1, 2001.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50"> <num value="12.50">Sec. 12.50.</num> <heading>PENALTY IF OFFENSE COMMITTED IN DISASTER AREA OR EVACUATED AREA</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Subject to Subsections (c) and (d), the punishment for an offense described by Subsection (b) is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the offense was committed in an area that was, at the time of the offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>subject to a declaration of a state of disaster made by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the president of the United States under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. Section 5121 et seq.);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the governor under Section 418.014, Government Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the presiding officer of the governing body of a political subdivision under Section 418.108, Government Code; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>subject to an emergency evacuation order.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>The increase in punishment authorized by this section applies only to an offense under:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>Section 20.05;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>Section 20.06;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>Section 20.07;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>Section 22.01;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>Section 28.02;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>Section 29.02;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>Section 30.02;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>Section 30.03;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>Section 30.04;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>Section 30.05;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>Section 31.03; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <content>Section 38.15.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If an offense listed under Subsection (b) is punishable as a Class A misdemeanor, the minimum term of confinement for the offense is increased to 180 days. Except as provided by Subsection (d), if an offense listed under Subsection (b) is punishable as a felony of the first degree, the punishment for that offense may not be increased under this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, the minimum term of imprisonment for an offense listed under Subsection (b)(1), (2), or (3) for which punishment is increased under this section is 10 years. If an offense listed under Subsection (b)(1) or (2) is punishable as a felony of the first degree, the minimum term of imprisonment is increased to 15 years unless another provision of law applicable to the offense provides for a minimum term of imprisonment of 15 years or more.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.50/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "emergency evacuation order" means an official statement issued by the governing body of this state or a political subdivision of this state to recommend or require the evacuation of all or part of the population of an area stricken or threatened with a disaster.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 731 (S.B. 359), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 418 (S.B. 201), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 418 (S.B. 201), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1058 (H.B. 1028), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1058 (H.B. 1028), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 915 (H.B. 3607), Sec. 16.001, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 2, eff. February 6, 2024. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 478 (S.B. 482), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501"> <num value="12.501">Sec. 12.501.</num> <heading>PENALTY FOR CERTAIN OFFENSES COMMITTED IN RETALIATION FOR OR ON ACCOUNT OF PERSON'S SERVICE OR STATUS AS PUBLIC SERVANT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "public servant" has the meaning assigned by Section 36.06.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Subject to Subsection (d), the punishment for an offense described by Subsection (c) is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>was committed against a person the actor knows is a public servant or a member of a public servant's family or household; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>involves property that the actor knows belongs to, is under the control of, or is lawfully possessed by a public servant; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the offense was committed in retaliation for or on account of the service or status of the person as a public servant.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>The increase in punishment authorized by this section applies only to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>an offense under Section 21.16, 21.18, 21.19, 22.011, 28.02, 28.03, 30.05, 33.02, 42.07, or 42.072; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an offense under Section 32.51, other than an offense punishable under Subsection (c-1) of that section.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If an offense described by Subsection (c) is punishable as a Class A misdemeanor, the minimum term of confinement for the offense is increased to 180 days. If an offense described by Subsection (c) is punishable as a felony of the first degree, the punishment for that offense may not be increased under this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.501/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "member of a public servant's family" means a person related to the public servant within the second degree of consanguinity.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 791 (H.B. 624), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502"> <num value="12.502">Sec. 12.502.</num> <heading>PENALTY IF OFFENSE COMMITTED ON PREMISES OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Postsecondary educational institution" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an institution of higher education or a private or independent institution of higher education as defined by Section 61.003, Education Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a career school or college as defined by Section 132.001, Education Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Premises" means real property and all buildings and appurtenances pertaining to the real property.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (c), if it is shown on the trial of an offense under Section 21.07, 21.08, or 21.15 that the offense was committed in a location that was on the premises of a postsecondary educational institution, the category of punishment for the offense is increased to a higher category of offense as follows:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor is increased to a Class B misdemeanor;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor is increased to a Class A misdemeanor;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor is increased to a state jail felony; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony is increased to a felony of the third degree.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>For an offense otherwise punishable under Subsection (b), if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has been previously convicted twice of an offense under Section 21.07, 21.08, or 21.15 for which the punishment was increased under Subsection (b), the category of punishment for the offense is increased to a higher category of offense as follows:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor is increased to a Class A misdemeanor;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor is increased to a state jail felony;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor is increased to a felony of the third degree; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony is increased to a felony of the second degree.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If the punishment scheme for an offense under Section 21.07, 21.08, or 21.15 contains a specific enhancement provision increasing punishment to a higher minimum term of punishment than the minimum term required by the applicable higher category of offense prescribed by Subsection (b) or (c), the specific enhancement provision controls over this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.502/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A previous conviction may be used for purposes of enhancement under this section or under another provision of Subchapter D, Chapter 12, but not under both this section and the other provision.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 451 (H.B. 3553), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 557 (H.B. 1422), Sec. 15, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scD/s12.503"> <num value="12.503">Sec. 12.503.</num> <heading>PENALTY IF METAL OR BODY ARMOR USED DURING COMMISSION OF OFFENSE</heading> <content>If an affirmative finding under Article 42.01992, Code of Criminal Procedure, is made in the trial of an offense, the punishment for the offense is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next highest category of offense.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 539 (H.B. 108), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE"> <num value="E">SUBCHAPTER E.</num> <heading>CORPORATIONS AND ASSOCIATIONS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51"> <num value="12.51">Sec. 12.51.</num> <heading>AUTHORIZED PUNISHMENTS FOR CORPORATIONS, ASSOCIATIONS, LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES, AND OTHER BUSINESS ENTITIES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>If a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity is adjudged guilty of an offense that provides a penalty consisting of a fine only, a court may sentence the corporation, association, limited liability company, or other business entity to pay a fine in an amount fixed by the court, not to exceed the fine provided by the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>If a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity is adjudged guilty of an offense that provides a penalty including imprisonment, or that provides no specific penalty, a court may sentence the corporation, association, limited liability company, or other business entity to pay a fine in an amount fixed by the court, not to exceed:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>$20,000 if the offense is a felony of any category;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>$10,000 if the offense is a Class A or Class B misdemeanor;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>$2,000 if the offense is a Class C misdemeanor; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>$50,000 if, as a result of an offense classified as a felony or Class A misdemeanor, an individual suffers serious bodily injury or death.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>In lieu of the fines authorized by Subsections (a), (b)(1), (b)(2), and (b)(4), if a court finds that the corporation, association, limited liability company, or other business entity gained money or property or caused personal injury or death, property damage, or other loss through the commission of a felony or Class A or Class B misdemeanor, the court may sentence the corporation, association, limited liability company, or other business entity to pay a fine in an amount fixed by the court, not to exceed double the amount gained or caused by the corporation, association, limited liability company, or business entity to be lost or damaged, whichever is greater.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>In addition to any sentence that may be imposed by this section, a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity that has been adjudged guilty of an offense may be ordered by the court to give notice of the conviction to any person the court deems appropriate.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>On conviction of a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity, the court shall notify the attorney general of that fact.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t3/c12/scE/s12.51/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>In this section, "business entity" has the meaning assigned by Section 7.21.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 1917, ch. 768, Sec. 1, eff. June 16, 1977; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1085, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 112 (S.B. 1258), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> </chapter> <num value="4">TITLE 4.</num> <heading>INCHOATE OFFENSES</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15"> <num value="15">CHAPTER 15.</num> <heading>PREPARATORY OFFENSES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.01"> <num value="15.01">Sec. 15.01.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL ATTEMPT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with specific intent to commit an offense, he does an act amounting to more than mere preparation that tends but fails to effect the commission of the offense intended.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If a person attempts an offense that may be aggravated, his conduct constitutes an attempt to commit the aggravated offense if an element that aggravates the offense accompanies the attempt.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is no defense to prosecution for criminal attempt that the offense attempted was actually committed.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.01/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under this section is one category lower than the offense attempted, and if the offense attempted is a state jail felony, the offense is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.01/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>If the offense attempted is capital murder of a peace officer under Section 19.03(a)(1), the offense is a felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 478, ch. 203, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 570 (H.B. 1871), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02"> <num value="15.02">Sec. 15.02.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL CONSPIRACY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits criminal conspiracy if, with intent that a felony be committed:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>he agrees with one or more persons that they or one or more of them engage in conduct that would constitute the offense; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>he or one or more of them performs an overt act in pursuance of the agreement.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An agreement constituting a conspiracy may be inferred from acts of the parties.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is no defense to prosecution for criminal conspiracy that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>one or more of the coconspirators is not criminally responsible for the object offense;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>one or more of the coconspirators has been acquitted, so long as two or more coconspirators have not been acquitted;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>one or more of the coconspirators has not been prosecuted or convicted, has been convicted of a different offense, or is immune from prosecution;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor belongs to a class of persons that by definition of the object offense is legally incapable of committing the object offense in an individual capacity; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>the object offense was actually committed.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is one category lower than the most serious felony that is the object of the conspiracy, and if the most serious felony that is the object of the conspiracy is a state jail felony, the offense is a Class A misdemeanor. This subsection does not apply to an offense under Section 76.02.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 935 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03"> <num value="15.03">Sec. 15.03.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL SOLICITATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent that a capital felony or felony of the first degree be committed, he requests, commands, or attempts to induce another to engage in specific conduct that, under the circumstances surrounding his conduct as the actor believes them to be, would constitute the felony or make the other a party to its commission.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person may not be convicted under this section on the uncorroborated testimony of the person allegedly solicited and unless the solicitation is made under circumstances strongly corroborative of both the solicitation itself and the actor's intent that the other person act on the solicitation.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is no defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person solicited is not criminally responsible for the felony solicited;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person solicited has been acquitted, has not been prosecuted or convicted, has been convicted of a different offense or of a different type or class of offense, or is immune from prosecution;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor belongs to a class of persons that by definition of the felony solicited is legally incapable of committing the offense in an individual capacity; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the felony solicited was actually committed.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the offense solicited is a capital offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the offense solicited is a felony of the first degree.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 462, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031"> <num value="15.031">Sec. 15.031.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL SOLICITATION OF A MINOR</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent that an offense listed by Article 42A.054(a), Code of Criminal Procedure, be committed, the person requests, commands, or attempts to induce a minor to engage in specific conduct that, under the circumstances surrounding the actor's conduct as the actor believes them to be, would constitute an offense listed by Article 42A.054(a) or make the minor a party to the commission of an offense listed by Article 42A.054(a).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent that an offense under Section 20A.02(a)(7) or (8), 21.02, 21.03, 21.11, 22.011, 22.021, 43.02, 43.021, 43.05(a)(2), or 43.25 be committed, the person by any means requests, commands, or attempts to induce a minor or another whom the person believes to be a minor to engage in specific conduct that, under the circumstances surrounding the actor's conduct as the actor believes them to be, would constitute an offense under one of those sections or would make the minor or other believed by the person to be a minor a party to the commission of an offense under one of those sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person may not be convicted under this section on the uncorroborated testimony of the minor allegedly solicited unless the solicitation is made under circumstances strongly corroborative of both the solicitation itself and the actor's intent that the minor act on the solicitation.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>It is no defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the minor solicited is not criminally responsible for the offense solicited;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the minor solicited has been acquitted, has not been prosecuted or convicted, has been convicted of a different offense or of a different type or class of offense, or is immune from prosecution;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor belongs to a class of persons that by definition of the offense solicited is legally incapable of committing the offense in an individual capacity; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the offense solicited was actually committed.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is one category lower than the solicited offense, except that an offense under this section is the same category as the solicited offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was at the time of the offense 17 years of age or older and a member of a criminal street gang, as defined by Section 71.01; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>committed the offense with the intent to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>further the criminal activities of the criminal street gang; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>avoid detection as a member of a criminal street gang.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.031/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>In this section, "minor" means an individual younger than 17 years of age.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 262, Sec. 79, eff. Jan. 1, 1996. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1415, Sec. 22(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 3.49, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1130 (H.B. 2086), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 6.03, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 770 (H.B. 2299), Sec. 2.83, eff. January 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 51, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 557 (H.B. 1422), Sec. 16, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032"> <num value="15.032">Sec. 15.032.</num> <heading>CHILD GROOMING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with the intent that an offense under Chapter 43 or an offense involving sexual activity, the occurrence of which would subject the actor to criminal liability under Chapter 20A, 21, or 22, be committed, the person knowingly persuades, induces, entices, or coerces, or attempts to persuade, induce, entice, or coerce, a child younger than 18 years of age to engage in specific conduct that, under the circumstances surrounding the actor's conduct as the actor believes them to be, would:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>constitute an offense under Chapter 43 or an offense involving sexual activity the occurrence of which would subject the actor to criminal liability under Chapter 20A, 21, or 22; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>make the child a party to the commission of an offense described by Subdivision (1).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if the actor has previously been convicted of an offense under:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>Chapter 20A, if the offense involved conduct described by Section 20A.02(a)(7) or (8);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>Section 21.02;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>Section 21.03;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>Section 21.11;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>Section 22.011, if the victim of the offense was a child under 18 years of age; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>Section 22.021, if the victim of the offense was a child under 18 years of age.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor is under the age of 18 and:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the actor engaged in conduct described by Subsection (a) with respect to another child under the age of 18:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>who is not more than three years older or younger than the actor and with whom the actor had a dating relationship at the time of the offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>who was the spouse of the actor at the time of the offense; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the conduct occurred only between the actor and the other child described by Subdivision (1).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.032/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section but not both sections.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 1527), Sec. 6.01, eff. September 1, 2023. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 557 (H.B. 1422), Sec. 17, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.04"> <num value="15.04">Sec. 15.04.</num> <heading>RENUNCIATION DEFENSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Section 15.01 that under circumstances manifesting a voluntary and complete renunciation of his criminal objective the actor avoided commission of the offense attempted by abandoning his criminal conduct or, if abandonment was insufficient to avoid commission of the offense, by taking further affirmative action that prevented the commission.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Section 15.02 or 15.03 that under circumstances manifesting a voluntary and complete renunciation of his criminal objective the actor countermanded his solicitation or withdrew from the conspiracy before commission of the object offense and took further affirmative action that prevented the commission of the object offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Renunciation is not voluntary if it is motivated in whole or in part:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>by circumstances not present or apparent at the inception of the actor's course of conduct that increase the probability of detection or apprehension or that make more difficult the accomplishment of the objective; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>by a decision to postpone the criminal conduct until another time or to transfer the criminal act to another but similar objective or victim.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Evidence that the defendant renounced his criminal objective by abandoning his criminal conduct, countermanding his solicitation, or withdrawing from the conspiracy before the criminal offense was committed and made substantial effort to prevent the commission of the object offense shall be admissible as mitigation at the hearing on punishment if he has been found guilty of criminal attempt, criminal solicitation, or criminal conspiracy; and in the event of a finding of renunciation under this subsection, the punishment shall be one grade lower than that provided for the offense committed.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c15/s15.05"> <num value="15.05">Sec. 15.05.</num> <heading>NO OFFENSE</heading> <content>Attempt or conspiracy to commit, or solicitation of, a preparatory offense defined in this chapter is not an offense.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16"> <num value="16">CHAPTER 16.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL INSTRUMENTS, INTERCEPTION OF WIRE OR ORAL COMMUNICATION, AND INSTALLATION OF TRACKING DEVICE</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.01"> <num value="16.01">Sec. 16.01.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL USE OF CRIMINAL INSTRUMENT OR MECHANICAL SECURITY DEVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person possesses a criminal instrument or mechanical security device with the intent to use the instrument or device in the commission of an offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>with knowledge of its character and with the intent to use a criminal instrument or mechanical security device or aid or permit another to use the instrument or device in the commission of an offense, the person manufactures, adapts, sells, installs, or sets up the instrument or device.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For the purpose of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Criminal instrument" means anything, the possession, manufacture, or sale of which is not otherwise an offense, that is specially designed, made, or adapted for use in the commission of an offense.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Mechanical security device" means a device designed or manufactured for use by a locksmith to perform services for a customer who seeks entry to a structure, motor vehicle, or other property.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is one category lower than the offense intended. An offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 913, ch. 342, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 814 (H.B. 2577), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02"> <num value="16.02">Sec. 16.02.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL INTERCEPTION, USE, OR DISCLOSURE OF WIRE, ORAL, OR ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Communication common carrier," "computer trespasser," "contents," "covert entry," "electronic communication," "intercept," "interception device," "investigative or law enforcement officer," "oral communication," "protected computer," and "wire communication" have the meanings assigned by Article 18A.001, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Immediate life-threatening situation" and "member of a law enforcement unit specially trained to respond to and deal with life-threatening situations" have the meanings assigned by Article 18A.201, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Readily accessible to the general public" means, with respect to a radio communication, a communication that is not:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>scrambled or encrypted;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>transmitted using modulation techniques whose essential parameters have been withheld from the public with the intention of preserving the privacy of the communication;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carried on a subcarrier or other signal subsidiary to a radio transmission;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>transmitted over a communication system provided by a common carrier, unless the communication is a tone-only paging system communication;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>transmitted on frequencies allocated under Part 25, Subpart D, E, or F of Part 74, or Part 94 of the rules of the Federal Communications Commission, unless, in the case of a communication transmitted on a frequency allocated under Part 74 that is not exclusively allocated to broadcast auxiliary services, the communication is a two-way voice communication by radio; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>an electronic communication.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally intercepts, endeavors to intercept, or procures another person to intercept or endeavor to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>intentionally discloses or endeavors to disclose to another person the contents of a wire, oral, or electronic communication if the person knows or has reason to know the information was obtained through the interception of a wire, oral, or electronic communication in violation of this subsection;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>intentionally uses or endeavors to use the contents of a wire, oral, or electronic communication if the person knows or is reckless about whether the information was obtained through the interception of a wire, oral, or electronic communication in violation of this subsection;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>knowingly or intentionally effects a covert entry for the purpose of intercepting wire, oral, or electronic communications without court order or authorization; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>intentionally uses, endeavors to use, or procures any other person to use or endeavor to use any interception device to intercept any oral communication when the device:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is affixed to, or otherwise transmits a signal through a wire, cable, or other connection used in wire communications; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>transmits communications by radio or interferes with the transmission of communications by radio.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b) that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>an operator of a switchboard or an officer, employee, or agent of a communication common carrier whose facilities are used in the transmission of a wire or electronic communication intercepts a communication or discloses or uses an intercepted communication in the normal course of employment while engaged in an activity that is a necessary incident to the rendition of service or to the protection of the rights or property of the carrier of the communication, unless the interception results from the communication common carrier's use of service observing or random monitoring for purposes other than mechanical or service quality control checks;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an officer, employee, or agent of a communication common carrier provides information, facilities, or technical assistance to an investigative or law enforcement officer who is authorized as provided by this section to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic communication;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a person acting under color of law intercepts:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a wire, oral, or electronic communication, if the person is a party to the communication or if one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a wire, oral, or electronic communication, if the person is acting under the authority of Chapter 18A, Code of Criminal Procedure; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a wire or electronic communication made by a computer trespasser and transmitted to, through, or from a protected computer, if:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the interception did not acquire a communication other than one transmitted to or from the computer trespasser;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>the owner of the protected computer consented to the interception of the computer trespasser's communications on the protected computer; and</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>the actor was lawfully engaged in an ongoing criminal investigation and the actor had reasonable suspicion to believe that the contents of the computer trespasser's communications likely to be obtained would be material to the investigation;</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>a person not acting under color of law intercepts a wire, oral, or electronic communication, if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the person is a party to the communication; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>one of the parties to the communication has given prior consent to the interception, unless the communication is intercepted for the purpose of committing an unlawful act;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>a person acting under color of law intercepts a wire, oral, or electronic communication if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>oral or written consent for the interception is given by a magistrate before the interception;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an immediate life-threatening situation exists;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the person is a member of a law enforcement unit specially trained to:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>respond to and deal with life-threatening situations; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>install interception devices; and</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the interception ceases immediately on termination of the life-threatening situation;</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>an officer, employee, or agent of the Federal Communications Commission intercepts a communication transmitted by radio or discloses or uses an intercepted communication in the normal course of employment and in the discharge of the monitoring responsibilities exercised by the Federal Communications Commission in the enforcement of Chapter 5, Title 47, United States Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a person intercepts or obtains access to an electronic communication that was made through an electronic communication system that is configured to permit the communication to be readily accessible to the general public;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <chapeau>a person intercepts radio communication, other than a cordless telephone communication that is transmitted between a cordless telephone handset and a base unit, that is transmitted:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>by a station for the use of the general public;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to ships, aircraft, vehicles, or persons in distress;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>by a governmental, law enforcement, civil defense, private land mobile, or public safety communications system that is readily accessible to the general public, unless the radio communication is transmitted by a law enforcement representative to or from a mobile data terminal;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>by a station operating on an authorized frequency within the bands allocated to the amateur, citizens band, or general mobile radio services; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>by a marine or aeronautical communications system;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>a person intercepts a wire or electronic communication the transmission of which causes harmful interference to a lawfully operating station or consumer electronic equipment, to the extent necessary to identify the source of the interference;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>a user of the same frequency intercepts a radio communication made through a system that uses frequencies monitored by individuals engaged in the provision or the use of the system, if the communication is not scrambled or encrypted; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>a provider of an electronic communications service records the fact that a wire or electronic communication was initiated or completed in order to protect the provider, another provider furnishing service towards the completion of the communication, or a user of that service from fraudulent, unlawful, or abusive use of the service.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally manufactures, assembles, possesses, or sells an interception device knowing or having reason to know that the device is designed primarily for nonconsensual interception of wire, electronic, or oral communications and that the device or a component of the device has been or will be used for an unlawful purpose; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>places in a newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication an advertisement of an interception device:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>knowing or having reason to know that the device is designed primarily for nonconsensual interception of wire, electronic, or oral communications;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>promoting the use of the device for the purpose of nonconsensual interception of wire, electronic, or oral communications; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>knowing or having reason to know that the advertisement will promote the use of the device for the purpose of nonconsensual interception of wire, electronic, or oral communications.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (d) that the manufacture, assembly, possession, or sale of an interception device that is designed primarily for the purpose of nonconsensual interception of wire, electronic, or oral communication is by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a communication common carrier or a provider of wire or electronic communications service or an officer, agent, or employee of or a person under contract with a communication common carrier or service provider acting in the normal course of the provider's or carrier's business;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an officer, agent, or employee of a person under contract with, bidding on contracts with, or doing business with the United States or this state acting in the normal course of the activities of the United States or this state;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a member of the Department of Public Safety who is specifically trained to install wire, oral, or electronic communications intercept equipment; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a member of a local law enforcement agency that has an established unit specifically designated to respond to and deal with life-threatening situations.</content> <continuation>(e-1) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (d)(1) that the interception device is possessed by a person authorized to possess the device under Section 500.008, Government Code, or Section 242.103, Human Resources Code.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, unless the offense is committed under Subsection (d) or (g), in which event the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, knowing that a government attorney or an investigative or law enforcement officer has been authorized or has applied for authorization to intercept wire, electronic, or oral communications, the person obstructs, impedes, prevents, gives notice to another of, or attempts to give notice to another of the interception.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.02/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 889, Sec. 1, eff. June 17, 2005.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 738, ch. 275, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 31, 1981. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4878, ch. 864, Sec. 1 to 3, eff. June 19, 1983; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1166, Sec. 16, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 790, Sec. 16, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1051, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1270, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 678, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 889 (S.B. 1551), Sec. 1, eff. June 17, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1169 (H.B. 3228), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 85 (S.B. 653), Sec. 3.023, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1058 (H.B. 2931), Sec. 2.01, eff. January 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03"> <num value="16.03">Sec. 16.03.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL USE OF PEN REGISTER OR TRAP AND TRACE DEVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly installs or uses a pen register or trap and trace device to record or decode electronic or other impulses for the purpose of identifying telephone numbers dialed or otherwise transmitted on a telephone line.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Authorized peace officer," "pen register," and "trap and trace device" have the meanings assigned by Article 18B.001, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Communication common carrier" has the meaning assigned by Article 18A.001, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (a) that the actor is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>an officer, employee, or agent of a communication common carrier and the actor installs or uses a device or equipment to record a number dialed from or to a telephone instrument in the normal course of business of the carrier for purposes of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>protecting property or services provided by the carrier; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>assisting another who the actor reasonably believes to be a peace officer authorized to install or use a pen register or trap and trace device under Chapter 18B, Code of Criminal Procedure;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>an officer, employee, or agent of a lawful enterprise and the actor installs or uses a device or equipment while engaged in an activity that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is a necessary incident to the rendition of service or to the protection of property of or services provided by the enterprise; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is not made for the purpose of gathering information for a law enforcement agency or private investigative agency, other than information related to the theft of communication or information services provided by the enterprise; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a person authorized to install or use a pen register or trap and trace device under Chapter 18B, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 587, Sec. 6, eff. Aug. 26, 1985. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 958, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1051, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1058 (H.B. 2931), Sec. 2.02, eff. January 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04"> <num value="16.04">Sec. 16.04.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL ACCESS TO STORED COMMUNICATIONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Electronic communication," "user," and "wire communication" have the meanings assigned by Article 18A.001, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Electronic storage" has the meaning assigned by Article 18B.001, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person obtains, alters, or prevents authorized access to a wire or electronic communication while the communication is in electronic storage by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally obtaining access without authorization to a facility through which a wire or electronic communications service is provided; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>intentionally exceeding an authorization for access to a facility through which a wire or electronic communications service is provided.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (d), an offense under Subsection (b) is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If committed to obtain a benefit or to harm another, an offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b) that the conduct was authorized by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the provider of the wire or electronic communications service;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the user of the wire or electronic communications service;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the addressee or intended recipient of the wire or electronic communication; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>Chapter 18B, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 958, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1051, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1058 (H.B. 2931), Sec. 2.03, eff. January 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05"> <num value="16.05">Sec. 16.05.</num> <heading>ILLEGAL DIVULGENCE OF PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "electronic communications service" has the meaning assigned by Article 18A.001, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person who provides electronic communications service to the public commits an offense if the person knowingly divulges the contents of a communication to another who is not the intended recipient of the communication.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b) that the actor divulged the contents of the communication:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>as authorized by federal or state law;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>to a person employed, authorized, or whose facilities are used to forward the communication to the communication's destination; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>to a law enforcement agency if the contents reasonably appear to pertain to the commission of a crime.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under Subsection (b) that involves a scrambled or encrypted radio communication is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>If committed for a tortious or illegal purpose or to gain a benefit, an offense under Subsection (b) that involves a radio communication that is not scrambled or encrypted:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is a Class A misdemeanor if the communication is not a public land mobile radio service communication or a paging service communication; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is a Class C misdemeanor if the communication is a public land mobile radio service communication or a paging service communication.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.05/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1051, Sec. 13, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1166, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 16.04 by Acts 1990, 71st Leg., 6th C.S., ch. 12, Sec. 2(24), eff. Sept. 6, 1990. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1051, Sec. 12, 13, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1058 (H.B. 2931), Sec. 2.04, eff. January 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06"> <num value="16.06">Sec. 16.06.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL INSTALLATION OF TRACKING DEVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Electronic or mechanical tracking device" means a device capable of emitting an electronic frequency or other signal that may be used by a person to identify, monitor, or record the location of another person or object.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Motor vehicle" has the meaning assigned by Section 501.002, Transportation Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly installs an electronic or mechanical tracking device on a motor vehicle owned or leased by another person.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>obtained the effective consent of the owner or lessee of the motor vehicle before the electronic or mechanical tracking device was installed;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>assisted another whom the person reasonably believed to be a peace officer authorized to install the device in the course of a criminal investigation or pursuant to an order of a court to gather information for a law enforcement agency; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>was a private investigator licensed under Chapter 1702, Occupations Code, who installed the device:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>with written consent:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>to install the device given by the owner or lessee of the motor vehicle; and</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>to enter private residential property, if that entry was necessary to install the device, given by the owner or lessee of the property; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>pursuant to an order of or other authorization from a court to gather information.</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t4/c16/s16.06/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>This section does not apply to a peace officer who installed the device in the course of a criminal investigation or pursuant to an order of a court to gather information for a law enforcement agency.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 728, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.828, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1122 (H.B. 1659), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <num value="5">TITLE 5.</num> <heading>OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19"> <num value="19">CHAPTER 19.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL HOMICIDE</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.01"> <num value="19.01">Sec. 19.01.</num> <heading>TYPES OF CRIMINAL HOMICIDE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits criminal homicide if he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence causes the death of an individual.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Criminal homicide is murder, capital murder, manslaughter, or criminally negligent homicide.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1123, ch. 426, art. 2, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02"> <num value="19.02">Sec. 19.02.</num> <heading>MURDER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Adequate cause" means cause that would commonly produce a degree of anger, rage, resentment, or terror in a person of ordinary temper, sufficient to render the mind incapable of cool reflection.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Sudden passion" means passion directly caused by and arising out of provocation by the individual killed or another acting with the person killed which passion arises at the time of the offense and is not solely the result of former provocation.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly causes the death of an individual;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>intends to cause serious bodily injury and commits an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>commits or attempts to commit a felony, other than manslaughter, and in the course of and in furtherance of the commission or attempt, or in immediate flight from the commission or attempt, the person commits or attempts to commit an act clearly dangerous to human life that causes the death of an individual; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>knowingly manufactures or delivers a controlled substance included in Penalty Group 1-B under Section 481.1022, Health and Safety Code, in violation of Section 481.1123, Health and Safety Code, and an individual dies as a result of injecting, ingesting, inhaling, or introducing into the individual's body any amount of the controlled substance manufactured or delivered by the actor, regardless of whether the controlled substance was used by itself or with another substance, including a drug, adulterant, or dilutant.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>At the punishment stage of a trial, the defendant may raise the issue as to whether he caused the death under the immediate influence of sudden passion arising from an adequate cause. If the defendant proves the issue in the affirmative by a preponderance of the evidence, the offense is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(4) that the actor's conduct in manufacturing or delivering the controlled substance was authorized under Chapter 481, Health and Safety Code, or other state or federal law.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1123, ch. 426, art. 2, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 910 (H.B. 6), Sec. 20, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03"> <num value="19.03">Sec. 19.03.</num> <heading>CAPITAL MURDER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person commits murder as defined under Section 19.02(b)(1) and:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person murders a peace officer or fireman who is acting in the lawful discharge of an official duty and who the person knows is a peace officer or fireman;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person intentionally commits the murder in the course of committing or attempting to commit kidnapping, burglary, robbery, aggravated sexual assault, arson, obstruction or retaliation, or terroristic threat under Section 22.07(a)(1), (3), (4), (5), or (6);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the person commits the murder for remuneration or the promise of remuneration or employs another to commit the murder for remuneration or the promise of remuneration;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the person commits the murder while escaping or attempting to escape from a penal institution;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>the person, while incarcerated in a penal institution, murders another:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>who is employed in the operation of the penal institution; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>with the intent to establish, maintain, or participate in a combination or in the profits of a combination;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>the person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>while incarcerated for an offense under this section or Section 19.02, murders another; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>while serving a sentence of life imprisonment or a term of 99 years for an offense under Section 20.04, 22.021, or 29.03, murders another;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>the person murders more than one person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>during the same criminal transaction; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>during different criminal transactions but the murders are committed pursuant to the same scheme or course of conduct;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>the person murders an individual under 10 years of age;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>the person murders an individual 10 years of age or older but younger than 15 years of age; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>the person murders another person in retaliation for or on account of the service or status of the other person as a judge or justice of the supreme court, the court of criminal appeals, a court of appeals, a district court, a criminal district court, a constitutional county court, a statutory county court, a justice court, or a municipal court.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a capital felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If the jury or, when authorized by law, the judge does not find beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty of an offense under this section, he may be convicted of murder or of any other lesser included offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (a)(1), the actor is presumed to have known the person murdered was a peace officer or fireman if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a peace officer or fireman.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1123, ch. 426, art. 2, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5317, ch. 977, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 44, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 652, Sec. 13, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 715, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 887, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 388, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 428 (S.B. 1791), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1209 (S.B. 377), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1214 (S.B. 719), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1057 (S.B. 386), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.04"> <num value="19.04">Sec. 19.04.</num> <heading>MANSLAUGHTER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he recklessly causes the death of an individual.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant committed an offense under Section 28.09 and that conduct caused the death of an individual.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 19.04 by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1123, ch. 426, art. 2, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 307, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 19.05 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1146 (S.B. 947), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.05"> <num value="19.05">Sec. 19.05.</num> <heading>CRIMINALLY NEGLIGENT HOMICIDE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he causes the death of an individual by criminal negligence.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 19.06 by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 1123, ch. 426, art. 2, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 19.07 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.06"> <num value="19.06">Sec. 19.06.</num> <heading>APPLICABILITY TO CERTAIN CONDUCT</heading> <chapeau>This chapter does not apply to the death of an unborn child if the conduct charged is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>conduct committed by the mother of the unborn child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a lawful medical procedure performed by a physician or other licensed health care provider with the requisite consent, if the death of the unborn child was the intended result of the procedure;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a lawful medical procedure performed by a physician or other licensed health care provider with the requisite consent as part of an assisted reproduction as defined by Section 160.102, Family Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c19/s19.06/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the dispensation of a drug in accordance with law or administration of a drug prescribed in accordance with law.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 822, Sec. 2.02, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20"> <num value="20">CHAPTER 20.</num> <heading>KIDNAPPING, UNLAWFUL RESTRAINT, AND</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01"> <num value="20.01">Sec. 20.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Restrain" means to restrict a person's movements without consent, so as to interfere substantially with the person's liberty, by moving the person from one place to another or by confining the person. Restraint is "without consent" if it is accomplished by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>force, intimidation, or deception; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>any means, including acquiescence of the victim, if:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the victim is a child who is less than 14 years of age or an incompetent person and the parent, guardian, or person or institution acting in loco parentis has not acquiesced in the movement or confinement; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>the victim is a child who is 14 years of age or older and younger than 17 years of age, the victim is taken outside of the state and outside a 120-mile radius from the victim's residence, and the parent, guardian, or person or institution acting in loco parentis has not acquiesced in the movement.</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Abduct" means to restrain a person with intent to prevent his liberation by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>secreting or holding him in a place where he is not likely to be found; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>using or threatening to use deadly force.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Relative" means a parent or stepparent, ancestor, sibling, or uncle or aunt, including an adoptive relative of the same degree through marriage or adoption.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Person" means an individual or a corporation, association, limited liability company, or other entity or organization governed by the Business Organizations Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Section 1.07, "individual" means a human being who has been born and is alive.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Agricultural land" has the meaning assigned by Section 75.001, Civil Practice and Remedies Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Firearm" has the meaning assigned by Section 46.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.01/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Special investigator" includes an agent of the United States Department of Homeland Security.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 790, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 822, Sec. 2.03, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 112 (S.B. 1258), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 572 (S.B. 576), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02"> <num value="20.02">Sec. 20.02.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL RESTRAINT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly restrains another person.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person restrained was a child younger than 14 years of age;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor was a relative of the child; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor's sole intent was to assume lawful control of the child.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the person restrained was a child younger than 17 years of age;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor recklessly exposes the victim to a substantial risk of serious bodily injury;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the actor restrains an individual the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the actor, while in custody or committed to a civil commitment facility, restrains any other person; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>notwithstanding Subdivision (2)(B), a felony of the second degree if the actor restrains an individual the actor knows is a peace officer or judge while the officer or judge is lawfully discharging an official duty or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a peace officer or judge.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is no offense to detain or move another under this section when it is for the purpose of effecting a lawful arrest or detaining an individual lawfully arrested.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person restrained was a child who is 14 years of age or older and younger than 17 years of age;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor does not restrain the child by force, intimidation, or deception; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor is not more than three years older than the child.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 707, Sec. 1(b), 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 790, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 524, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 440 (H.B. 2908), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 351 (S.B. 1179), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.03"> <num value="20.03">Sec. 20.03.</num> <heading>KIDNAPPING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly abducts another person.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the abduction was not coupled with intent to use or to threaten to use deadly force;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor was a relative of the person abducted; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor's sole intent was to assume lawful control of the victim.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04"> <num value="20.04">Sec. 20.04.</num> <heading>AGGRAVATED KIDNAPPING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly abducts another person with the intent to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>hold him for ransom or reward;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>use him as a shield or hostage;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>facilitate the commission of a felony or the flight after the attempt or commission of a felony;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>inflict bodily injury on him or violate or abuse him sexually;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>terrorize him or a third person; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>interfere with the performance of any governmental or political function.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly abducts another person and uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>At the punishment stage of a trial, the defendant may raise the issue as to whether he voluntarily released the victim in a safe place. If the defendant proves the issue in the affirmative by a preponderance of the evidence, the offense is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05"> <num value="20.05">Sec. 20.05.</num> <heading>SMUGGLING OF PERSONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>uses a motor vehicle, aircraft, watercraft, or other means of conveyance to transport an individual with the intent to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>conceal the individual from a peace officer or special investigator; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>flee from a person the actor knows is a peace officer or special investigator attempting to lawfully arrest or detain the actor;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>encourages or induces a person to enter or remain in this country in violation of federal law by concealing, harboring, or shielding that person from detection; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>assists, guides, or directs two or more individuals to enter or remain on agricultural land without the effective consent of the owner.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Subject to Subsections (b-1) and (b-2), an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree with a term of imprisonment of 10 years, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of 10 years if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor commits the offense in a manner that creates a substantial likelihood that the smuggled individual will suffer serious bodily injury or death;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the smuggled individual is a child younger than 18 years of age at the time of the offense;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the offense was committed with the intent to obtain a pecuniary benefit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>during the commission of the offense the actor, another party to the offense, or an individual assisted, guided, or directed by the actor knowingly possessed a firearm; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>the actor commits the offense under Subsection (a)(1)(B); or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the first degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of 10 years if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that, as a direct result of the commission of the offense, the smuggled individual became a victim of sexual assault, as defined by Section 22.011, or aggravated sexual assault, as defined by Section 22.021; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the smuggled individual suffered serious bodily injury or death.</content> <continuation>(b-1) If at the punishment stage of the trial or at the time of entering a plea agreement for an offense under this section punishable as a felony of the third degree, the attorney representing the state in the prosecution of the offense certifies to the court in writing that the actor has provided significant cooperation to the state or law enforcement, and describes the manner of cooperation, the minimum term of imprisonment is five years. The certification is confidential and shall be sealed by the court, except that the certification may be accessed by the office of the attorney representing the state, the attorney representing the defendant, and the court. For purposes of this subsection, "significant cooperation" includes:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>testifying in a trial on behalf of the state against other parties to the offense;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>providing relevant information regarding the case and other parties to the offense;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>providing information that furthers the investigation of the charged offense and any other parties involved; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>providing information that aids law enforcement.</content> <continuation>(b-2) At the punishment stage of a trial of an offense under this section, other than an offense punishable under Subsection (b)(1)(A), (C), (D), or (E) or (b)(2), the actor may raise the issue as to whether the actor is related to the smuggled individual in the third degree of consanguinity or, at the time of the offense, in the third degree of affinity. If the actor proves the issue in the affirmative by a preponderance of the evidence, the offense is a felony of the third degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of five years.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution of an offense under this section, other than an offense punishable under Subsection (b)(1)(A) or (b)(2), that the actor is related to the smuggled individual within the second degree of consanguinity or, at the time of the offense, within the second degree of affinity.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or under both sections.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1014, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 223 (H.B. 260), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 333 (H.B. 11), Sec. 14, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 572 (S.B. 576), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 3, eff. February 6, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06"> <num value="20.06">Sec. 20.06.</num> <heading>CONTINUOUS SMUGGLING OF PERSONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, during a period that is 10 or more days in duration, the person engages two or more times in conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 20.05.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If a jury is the trier of fact, members of the jury are not required to agree unanimously on which specific conduct engaged in by the defendant constituted an offense under Section 20.05 or on which exact date the defendant engaged in that conduct. The jury must agree unanimously that the defendant, during a period that is 10 or more days in duration, engaged two or more times in conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 20.05.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>If the victim of an offense under Subsection (a) is the same victim as a victim of an offense under Section 20.05, a defendant may not be convicted of the offense under Section 20.05 in the same criminal action as the offense under Subsection (a), unless the offense under Section 20.05:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is charged in the alternative;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>occurred outside the period in which the offense alleged under Subsection (a) was committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is considered by the trier of fact to be a lesser included offense of the offense alleged under Subsection (a).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A defendant may not be charged with more than one count under Subsection (a) if all of the conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 20.05 is alleged to have been committed against the same victim.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsections (f) and (g), an offense under this section is a felony of the second degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of 10 years.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of 10 years if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the conduct constituting an offense under Section 20.05 is conducted in a manner that creates a substantial likelihood that the smuggled individual will suffer serious bodily injury or death; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the smuggled individual is a child younger than 18 years of age at the time of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years, if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that, as a direct result of the commission of the offense, the smuggled individual became a victim of sexual assault, as defined by Section 22.011, or aggravated sexual assault, as defined by Section 22.021; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the smuggled individual suffered serious bodily injury or death.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 333 (H.B. 11), Sec. 15, eff. September 1, 2015. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 4, eff. February 6, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.07"> <num value="20.07">Sec. 20.07.</num> <heading>OPERATION OF STASH HOUSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>uses or permits another to use any real estate, building, room, tent, vehicle, boat, or other property owned by the person or under the person's control to commit an offense or to facilitate the commission of an offense under Section 20.05, 20.06, 20A.02, 20A.03, 43.04, or 43.05; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>rents or leases any property to another, intending that the property be used as described by Subdivision (1).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of five years, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of five years if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(1) and the property that is the subject of the offense is used to commit or facilitate the commission of an offense under Section 20.06, 20A.03, or 43.05; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>it is shown on the trial of the offense that as a direct result of the commission of the offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an individual became a victim of sexual assault, as defined by Section 22.011, or aggravated sexual assault, as defined by Section 22.021; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an individual suffered serious bodily injury or death.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20/s20.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 412 (H.B. 2613), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 5, eff. February 6, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A"> <num value="20A">CHAPTER 20A.</num> <heading>TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.01"> <num value="20A.01">Sec. 20A.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means a person younger than 18 years of age.</content> <continuation>(1-a) "Coercion" as defined by Section 1.07 includes:</continuation> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>destroying, concealing, confiscating, or withholding from a trafficked person, or threatening to destroy, conceal, confiscate, or withhold from a trafficked person, the person's actual or purported:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>government records; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>identifying information or documents;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>causing a trafficked person, without the person's consent, to become intoxicated, as defined by Section 49.01, to a degree that impairs the person's ability to appraise the nature of or resist engaging in any conduct, including performing or providing labor or services; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>withholding alcohol or a controlled substance to a degree that impairs the ability of a trafficked person with a chemical dependency, as defined by Section 462.001, Health and Safety Code, to appraise the nature of or resist engaging in any conduct, including performing or providing labor or services.</content> <continuation>(1-b) "Disabled individual" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.021(b).</continuation> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Forced labor or services" means labor or services, other than labor or services that constitute sexual conduct, that are performed or provided by another person and obtained through an actor's use of force, fraud, or coercion.</content> <continuation>(2-a) "Premises" has the meaning assigned by Section 481.134, Health and Safety Code.</continuation> <continuation>(2-b) "School" means a public or private primary or secondary school.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Sexual conduct" has the meaning assigned by Section 43.25.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Traffic" means to transport, entice, recruit, harbor, provide, or otherwise obtain another person by any means.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 641, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 258 (S.B. 11), Sec. 16.01, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 849 (H.B. 1121), Sec. 4, eff. June 15, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 1.01, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 905 (H.B. 3521), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (S.B. 1831), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 1527), Sec. 2.01, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02"> <num value="20A.02">Sec. 20A.02.</num> <heading>TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>traffics another person with the intent that the trafficked person engage in forced labor or services;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>receives a benefit from participating in a venture that involves an activity described by Subdivision (1), including by receiving labor or services the person knows are forced labor or services;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>traffics another person and, through force, fraud, or coercion, causes the trafficked person to engage in conduct prohibited by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>Section 43.02 (Prostitution);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>Section 43.03 (Promotion of Prostitution);</content> <continuation>(B-1) Section 43.031 (Online Promotion of Prostitution);</continuation> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>Section 43.04 (Aggravated Promotion of Prostitution);</content> <continuation>(C-1) Section 43.041 (Aggravated Online Promotion of Prostitution); or</continuation> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>Section 43.05 (Compelling Prostitution);</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>receives a benefit from participating in a venture that involves an activity described by Subdivision (3) or engages in sexual conduct with a person trafficked in the manner described in Subdivision (3);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>traffics a child or disabled individual with the intent that the trafficked child or disabled individual engage in forced labor or services, regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child or whether the person knows the victim is disabled;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>receives a benefit from participating in a venture that involves an activity described by Subdivision (5), including by receiving labor or services the person knows are forced labor or services, regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child or whether the person knows the victim is disabled;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>traffics a child or disabled individual, regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child or whether the person knows the victim is disabled, and by any means causes the trafficked child or disabled individual to engage in, or become the victim of, conduct prohibited by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>Section 21.02 (Continuous Sexual Abuse of Young Child or Disabled Individual);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>Section 21.11 (Indecency with a Child);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>Section 22.011 (Sexual Assault);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>Section 22.021 (Aggravated Sexual Assault);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>Section 43.02 (Prostitution);</content> <continuation>(E-1) Section 43.021 (Solicitation of Prostitution);</continuation> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>Section 43.03 (Promotion of Prostitution);</content> <continuation>(F-1) Section 43.031 (Online Promotion of Prostitution);</continuation> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>Section 43.04 (Aggravated Promotion of Prostitution);</content> <continuation>(G-1) Section 43.041 (Aggravated Online Promotion of Prostitution);</continuation> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/H"> <num value="H">(H)</num> <content>Section 43.05 (Compelling Prostitution);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/I"> <num value="I">(I)</num> <content>Section 43.25 (Sexual Performance by a Child);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/J"> <num value="J">(J)</num> <content>Section 43.251 (Employment Harmful to Children); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/K"> <num value="K">(K)</num> <content>Section 43.26 (Possession or Promotion of Child Pornography); or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.02/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>receives a benefit from participating in a venture that involves an activity described by Subdivision (7) or engages in sexual conduct with a child or disabled individual trafficked in the manner described in Subdivision (7), regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child or whether the person knows the victim is disabled.</content> <continuation>(a-1) Repealed by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 62(5) and Ch. 905 (H.B. 3521), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection as reenacted and amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 788 (S.B. 955), Sec. 1 (b) Except as otherwise provided by this subsection and Subsection (b-1), an offense under this section is a felony of the second degree. An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree if: (1) the applicable conduct constitutes an offense under Subsection (a)(5), (6), (7), or (8), regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the child or whether the actor knows the victim is disabled at the time of the offense; (2) the commission of the offense results in serious bodily injury to or the death of the person who is trafficked; (3) the commission of the offense results in the death of an unborn child of the person who is trafficked; or (4) the actor: (A) used or exhibited a deadly weapon during the commission of the offense; (B) intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impeded the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of the trafficked person by applying pressure to the person's throat or neck or by blocking the person's nose or mouth; (C) subject to Subsection (b-1), recruited, enticed, or obtained the trafficked person from a shelter or facility operating as a residential treatment center that serves runaway youth, foster children, the homeless, or persons subjected to human trafficking, domestic violence, or sexual assault; or (D) subject to Subsection (b-1), recruited, enticed, or obtained the trafficked person from a correctional facility while the trafficked person was confined in the facility. Text of subsection as reenacted and amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 806 (S.B. 1212), Sec. 2, and Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 1.11 (b) Except as otherwise provided by Subsection (b-1), an offense under this section is a felony of the first degree. Text of subsection as reenacted and amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 788 (S.B. 955), Sec. 2 (b-1) An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life or for a term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense in a location that was: (1) on the premises of or within 1,000 feet of the premises of: (A) a school; (B) an institution of higher education or private or independent institution of higher education, as defined by Section 61.003, Education Code; (C) a juvenile detention facility; (D) a post-adjudication secure correctional facility; (E) a shelter or facility operating as a residential treatment center that serves runaway youth, foster children, people who are homeless, or persons subjected to human trafficking, domestic violence, or sexual assault; (F) a community center offering youth services and programs; (G) a child-care facility, as defined by Section 42.002, Human Resources Code; or (H) a correctional facility; or (2) on the premises where or within 1,000 feet of the premises where: (A) an official school function was taking place; or (B) an event sponsored or sanctioned by the University Interscholastic League was taking place. Text of subsection as reenacted and amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 806 (S.B. 1212), Sec. 3, and Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 1.12 (b-1) An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life or for a term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor committed any part of the offense: (1) on the premises of or within 1,000 feet of the premises of: (A) a school or a school bus stop or other area designated by a school as a pick-up or drop-off zone for students; (B) an institution of higher education or private or independent institution of higher education, as defined by Section 61.003, Education Code; (C) a juvenile detention facility; (D) a post-adjudication secure correctional facility; (E) a shelter or facility operating as a residential treatment center that serves runaway youth, foster children, people who are homeless, or persons subjected to human trafficking, domestic violence, or sexual assault; (F) a community center offering youth services and programs; or (G) a child-care facility, as defined by Section 42.002, Human Resources Code; (2) on the premises where or within 1,000 feet of the premises where: (A) an official school function was taking place; or (B) an event sponsored or sanctioned by the University Interscholastic League was taking place; or (3) in a school bus or other passenger transportation vehicle of a school. (c) If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or under both sections. (d) If the victim of an offense under Subsection (a)(7)(A) is the same victim as a victim of an offense under Section 21.02, a defendant may not be convicted of the offense under Section 21.02 in the same criminal action as the offense under Subsection (a)(7)(A) unless the offense under Section 21.02: (1) is charged in the alternative; (2) occurred outside the period in which the offense alleged under Subsection (a)(7)(A) was committed; or (3) is considered by the trier of fact to be a lesser included offense of the offense alleged under Subsection (a)(7)(A). (e) This subsection applies only to a prosecution for an offense under Subsection (a)(7) or (8), in which the actor is alleged to have caused a trafficked child or disabled individual to engage in or become the victim of prostitution, as defined by Section 43.01. It is not a defense to a prosecution described by this subsection that the trafficked child or disabled individual: (1) lacks the culpable mental state to engage in the act of prostitution; or (2) did not complete the act of prostitution. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 641, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 258 (S.B. 11), Sec. 16.02, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 849 (H.B. 1121), Sec. 5, eff. June 15, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1002 (H.B. 4009), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 1.02, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 480 (H.B. 2529), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 30, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 858 (H.B. 2552), Sec. 15, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 273 (S.B. 1802), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 413 (S.B. 20), Sec. 3.11, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 221 (H.B. 375), Sec. 2.26, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 22, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 62(5), eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 905 (H.B. 3521), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (S.B. 1831), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 1527), Sec. 2.02, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 451 (H.B. 3553), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 452 (H.B. 3554), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 1.10, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 1.11, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 1.12, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 602 (H.B. 2761), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 788 (S.B. 955), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 788 (S.B. 955), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 806 (S.B. 1212), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 806 (S.B. 1212), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 806 (S.B. 1212), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03"> <num value="20A.03">Sec. 20A.03.</num> <heading>CONTINUOUS TRAFFICKING OF PERSONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, the person engages two or more times in conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 20A.02 against one or more victims.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If a jury is the trier of fact, members of the jury are not required to agree unanimously on which specific conduct engaged in by the defendant constituted an offense under Section 20A.02 or on which exact date the defendant engaged in that conduct. The jury must agree unanimously that the defendant, during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, engaged in conduct that constituted an offense under Section 20A.02.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>If the victim of an offense under Subsection (a) is the same victim as a victim of an offense under Section 20A.02, a defendant may not be convicted of the offense under Section 20A.02 in the same criminal action as the offense under Subsection (a), unless the offense under Section 20A.02:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is charged in the alternative;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>occurred outside the period in which the offense alleged under Subsection (a) was committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is considered by the trier of fact to be a lesser included offense of the offense alleged under Subsection (a).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A defendant may not be charged with more than one count under Subsection (a) if all of the conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 20A.02 is alleged to have been committed against the same victim.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>This subsection applies only to a prosecution for an offense under this section based on conduct constituting an offense under Section 20A.02(a)(7) or (8), in which the actor is alleged to have caused for one or more times a trafficked child or disabled individual to engage in or become the victim of prostitution as defined by Section 43.01. It is not a defense to a prosecution described by this subsection that the trafficked child or disabled individual:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>lacks the culpable mental state to engage in the act of prostitution; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>did not complete the act of prostitution.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 122 (H.B. 3000), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 332 (H.B. 10), Sec. 12, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 602 (H.B. 2761), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.04"> <num value="20A.04">Sec. 20A.04.</num> <heading>ACCOMPLICE WITNESS; TESTIMONY AND IMMUNITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A party to an offense under this chapter may be required to provide evidence or testify about the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A party to an offense under this chapter may not be prosecuted for any offense about which the party is required to provide evidence or testify, and the evidence and testimony may not be used against the party in any adjudicatory proceeding except a prosecution for aggravated perjury. For purposes of this subsection, "adjudicatory proceeding" means a proceeding before a court or any other agency of government in which the legal rights, powers, duties, or privileges of specified parties are determined.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A conviction under this chapter may be had on the uncorroborated testimony of a party to the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 332 (H.B. 10), Sec. 13, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c20A/s20A.05"> <num value="20A.05">Sec. 20A.05.</num> <heading>PROSECUTION BY ATTORNEY GENERAL</heading> <content>The attorney general has jurisdiction to prosecute and shall represent the state in the prosecution of an offense under this chapter as provided by Section 402.103, Government Code.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 364 (H.B. 45), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21"> <num value="21">CHAPTER 21.</num> <heading>SEXUAL OFFENSES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.01"> <num value="21.01">Sec. 21.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Deviate sexual intercourse" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>any contact between any part of the genitals of one person and the mouth or anus of another person; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the penetration of the genitals or the anus of another person with an object.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Sexual contact" means, except as provided by Section 21.11 or 21.12, any touching of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of another person with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Sexual intercourse" means any penetration of the female sex organ by the male sex organ.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Spouse" means a person to whom a person is legally married under Subtitle A, Title 1, Family Code, or a comparable law of another jurisdiction.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 373, ch. 168, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 203, ch. 96, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 739, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 268 (S.B. 6), Sec. 1.124, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 631 (H.B. 246), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02"> <num value="21.02">Sec. 21.02.</num> <heading>CONTINUOUS SEXUAL ABUSE OF YOUNG CHILD OR DISABLED INDIVIDUAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.011(c).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Disabled individual" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.021(b).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, the person commits two or more acts of sexual abuse, regardless of whether the acts of sexual abuse are committed against one or more victims; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>at the time of the commission of each of the acts of sexual abuse, the actor is 17 years of age or older and the victim is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a child younger than 14 years of age, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the victim at the time of the offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a disabled individual.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section, "act of sexual abuse" means any act that is a violation of one or more of the following penal laws:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>aggravated kidnapping under Section 20.04(a)(4), if the actor committed the offense with the intent to violate or abuse the victim sexually;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>indecency with a child under Section 21.11(a)(1), if the actor committed the offense in a manner other than by touching, including touching through clothing, the breast of a child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>sexual assault under Section 22.011;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>aggravated sexual assault under Section 22.021;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>burglary under Section 30.02, if the offense is punishable under Subsection (d) of that section and the actor committed the offense with the intent to commit an offense listed in Subdivisions (1)-(4);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>sexual performance by a child under Section 43.25;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>trafficking of persons under Section 20A.02(a)(3), (4), (7), or (8); and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>compelling prostitution under Section 43.05.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If a jury is the trier of fact, members of the jury are not required to agree unanimously on which specific acts of sexual abuse were committed by the defendant or the exact date when those acts were committed. The jury must agree unanimously that the defendant, during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, committed two or more acts of sexual abuse.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>A defendant may not be convicted in the same criminal action of an offense listed under Subsection (c) the victim of which is the same victim as a victim of the offense alleged under Subsection (b) unless the offense listed in Subsection (c):</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is charged in the alternative;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>occurred outside the period in which the offense alleged under Subsection (b) was committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is considered by the trier of fact to be a lesser included offense of the offense alleged under Subsection (b).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>A defendant may not be charged with more than one count under Subsection (b) if all of the specific acts of sexual abuse that are alleged to have been committed are alleged to have been committed against a single victim.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>With respect to a prosecution under this section involving only one or more victims described by Subsection (b)(2)(A), it is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>was not more than five years older than:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the victim of the offense, if the offense is alleged to have been committed against only one victim; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the youngest victim of the offense, if the offense is alleged to have been committed against more than one victim;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>did not use duress, force, or a threat against a victim at the time of the commission of any of the acts of sexual abuse alleged as an element of the offense; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>at the time of the commission of any of the acts of sexual abuse alleged as an element of the offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>was not required under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, to register for life as a sex offender; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>was not a person who under Chapter 62 had a reportable conviction or adjudication for an offense under this section or an act of sexual abuse as described by Subsection (c).</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.02/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life, or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 1.17, eff. September 1, 2007. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 6.04, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 31, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 221 (H.B. 375), Sec. 1.01, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 221 (H.B. 375), Sec. 1.02, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03"> <num value="21.03">Sec. 21.03.</num> <heading>CONTINUOUS SEXUAL ABUSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, the person commits two or more acts of sexual abuse against two or more victims; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>at the time of the commission of each of the acts of sexual abuse, the actor is 17 years of age or older.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section, "act of sexual abuse" means any act that is a violation of one or more of the following penal laws:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>aggravated kidnapping under Section 20.04(a)(4), if the actor committed the offense with the intent to violate or abuse the victim sexually;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>indecency with a child under Section 21.11(a)(1), if the actor committed the offense in a manner other than by touching, including touching through clothing, the breast of a child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>sexual assault under Section 22.011;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>aggravated sexual assault under Section 22.021;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>burglary under Section 30.02, if the offense is punishable under Subsection (d) of that section and the actor committed the offense with the intent to commit an offense listed in Subdivisions (1)-(4);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>sexual performance by a child under Section 43.25;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>trafficking of persons under Section 20A.02(a)(3), (4), (7), or (8); and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>compelling prostitution under Section 43.05.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If a jury is the trier of fact, members of the jury are not required to agree unanimously on which specific acts of sexual abuse were committed by the defendant or the exact date when those acts were committed. The jury must agree unanimously that the defendant, during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, committed two or more acts of sexual abuse against two or more victims.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>A defendant may not be convicted in the same criminal action of an offense listed under Subsection (b) the victim of which is the same victim as a victim of the offense under Subsection (a) unless the offense listed in Subsection (b):</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is charged in the alternative;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>occurred outside the period in which the offense alleged under Subsection (a) was committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is considered by the trier of fact to be a lesser included offense of the offense alleged under Subsection (a).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A defendant may not be charged with more than one count under Subsection (a) if all of the specific acts of sexual abuse that are alleged to have been committed are alleged to have been committed against only two victims.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>With respect to a prosecution under this section involving only two or more victims younger than 17 years of age, it is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was not more than five years older than the youngest victim of the offense;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>did not use duress, force, or a threat against a victim at the time of the commission of any of the acts of sexual abuse alleged as an element of the offense; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>at the time of the commission of any of the acts of sexual abuse alleged as an element of the offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>was not required under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, to register for life as a sex offender; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>was not a person who under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, had a reportable conviction or adjudication for an offense under this section or an act of sexual abuse as described by Subsection (b).</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.03/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 557 (H.B. 1422), Sec. 18, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.06"> <num value="21.06">Sec. 21.06.</num> <heading></heading> <chapeau>Section 21.06 was declared unconstitutional by Lawrence v. Texas, 123 S.Ct. 2472.</chapeau> <continuation>Sec. 21.06. HOMOSEXUAL CONDUCT. (a) A person commits an offense if he engages in deviate sexual intercourse with another individual of the same sex.</continuation> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.07"> <num value="21.07">Sec. 21.07.</num> <heading>PUBLIC LEWDNESS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly engages in any of the following acts in a public place or, if not in a public place, the person is reckless about whether another is present who will be offended or alarmed by the person's:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>act of sexual intercourse;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>act of deviate sexual intercourse; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>act of sexual contact.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if the actor is civilly committed as a sexually violent predator under Chapter 841, Health and Safety Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 739 (S.B. 1232), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 351 (S.B. 1179), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.08"> <num value="21.08">Sec. 21.08.</num> <heading>INDECENT EXPOSURE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he exposes his anus or any part of his genitals with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person, and he is reckless about whether another is present who will be offended or alarmed by his act.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted one time of an offense under this section;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a state jail felony if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted two or more times of an offense under this section; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.08/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the actor is civilly committed as a sexually violent predator under Chapter 841, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 509, ch. 924, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 351 (S.B. 1179), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 822 (H.B. 1730), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 204 (H.B. 1620), Sec. 17.001, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1145 (S.B. 1610), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09"> <num value="21.09">Sec. 21.09.</num> <heading>BESTIALITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>engages in an act involving contact between:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the person's mouth, anus, or genitals and the anus or genitals of an animal; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the person's anus or genitals and the mouth of the animal;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>fondles or touches the anus or genitals of an animal in a manner that is not a generally accepted and otherwise lawful animal husbandry or veterinary practice, including touching through clothing;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>causes an animal to contact the seminal fluid of the person;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>inserts any part of a person's body or any object into the anus or genitals of an animal in a manner that is not a generally accepted and otherwise lawful animal husbandry or veterinary practice;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>possesses, sells, transfers, purchases, or otherwise obtains an animal with the intent that the animal be used for conduct described by Subdivision (1), (2), (3), or (4);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>organizes, promotes, conducts, or participates as an observer of conduct described by Subdivision (1), (2), (3), or (4);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>causes a person to engage or aids a person in engaging in conduct described by Subdivision (1), (2), (3), or (4);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>permits conduct described by Subdivision (1), (2), (3), or (4) to occur on any premises under the person's control;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>engages in conduct described by Subdivision (1), (2), (3), or (4) in the presence of a child younger than 18 years of age; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>advertises, offers, or accepts the offer of an animal with the intent that the animal be used in this state for conduct described by Subdivision (1), (2), (3), or (4).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony, unless the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(9) or results in serious bodily injury or death of the animal, in which event the offense is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.09/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section that the conduct engaged in by the actor is a generally accepted and otherwise lawful animal husbandry or veterinary practice.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 739 (S.B. 1232), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11"> <num value="21.11">Sec. 21.11.</num> <heading>INDECENCY WITH A CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with a child younger than 17 years of age, whether the child is of the same or opposite sex and regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child at the time of the offense, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>engages in sexual contact with the child or causes the child to engage in sexual contact; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>exposes the person's anus or any part of the person's genitals, knowing the child is present; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>causes the child to expose the child's anus or any part of the child's genitals.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was not more than three years older than the victim and of the opposite sex;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>did not use duress, force, or a threat against the victim at the time of the offense; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>at the time of the offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>was not required under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, to register for life as a sex offender; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>was not a person who under Chapter 62 had a reportable conviction or adjudication for an offense under this section.</content> <continuation>(b-1) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor was the spouse of the child at the time of the offense.</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "sexual contact" means the following acts, if committed with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any touching by a person, including touching through clothing, of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of a child; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>any touching of any part of the body of a child, including touching through clothing, with the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of a person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.11/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the second degree and an offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 472, ch. 202, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1028, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1415, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 739, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 260 (H.B. 549), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 32, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12"> <num value="21.12">Sec. 21.12.</num> <heading>IMPROPER RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EDUCATOR AND STUDENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>An employee of a public or private primary or secondary school commits an offense if the employee:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>engages in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse with a person who is enrolled in a public or private primary or secondary school at which the employee works;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>holds a position described by Section 21.003(a) or (b), Education Code, regardless of whether the employee holds the appropriate certificate, permit, license, or credential for the position, and engages in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse with a person the employee knows is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>enrolled in a public or private primary or secondary school, other than a school described by Subdivision (1); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a student participant in an educational activity that is sponsored by a school district or a public or private primary or secondary school, if students enrolled in a public or private primary or secondary school are the primary participants in the activity; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>engages in conduct described by Section 33.021, with a person described by Subdivision (1), or a person the employee knows is a person described by Subdivision (2)(A) or (B), regardless of the age of that person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.</content> <continuation>(b-1) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor was the spouse of the enrolled person at the time of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor was not more than three years older than the enrolled person and, at the time of the offense, the actor and the enrolled person were in a relationship that began before the actor's employment at a public or private primary or secondary school.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or both sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>The name of a person who is enrolled in a public or private primary or secondary school and involved in an improper relationship with an educator as provided by Subsection (a) may not be released to the public and is not public information under Chapter 552, Government Code.</content> <continuation>(d-1) Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, a public or private primary or secondary school, or a person or entity that operates a public or private primary or secondary school, may not release externally to the general public the name of an employee of the school who is accused of committing an offense under this section until the employee is indicted for the offense. The school, or the person or entity that operates the school, may release the name of the accused employee regardless of whether the employee has been indicted for the offense as necessary for the school to:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>report the accusation:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to the Texas Education Agency, another state agency, or local law enforcement or as otherwise required by law; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to the school's members or community in accordance with the school's policies or procedures or with the religious law observed by the school; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>conduct an investigation of the accusation.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "sexual contact" means the following acts, if committed with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>any touching by an employee of a public or private primary or secondary school of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an enrolled person described by Subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2)(A); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a student participant described by Subsection (a)(2)(B); or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>any touching of any part of the body of the enrolled person or student participant with the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of the employee.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 224, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 610 (H.B. 401), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 772 (H.B. 3659), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 260 (H.B. 549), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 761 (H.B. 1610), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 178 (S.B. 7), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 631 (H.B. 246), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15"> <num value="21.15">Sec. 21.15.</num> <heading>INVASIVE VISUAL RECORDING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Female breast" means any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Intimate area" means the naked or clothed genitals, pubic area, anus, buttocks, or female breast of a person.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Changing room" means a room or portioned area provided for or primarily used for the changing of clothing and includes dressing rooms, locker rooms, and swimwear changing areas.</content> <continuation>(3-a) "Place in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy" means a place in which a reasonable person would believe that the person could disrobe in privacy, without being concerned that the act of undressing would be photographed or visually recorded by another or that a visual image of the person undressing would be broadcasted or transmitted by another. The term includes a bathroom, bedroom, and changing room.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Promote" has the meaning assigned by Section 43.21.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, without the other person's consent and with intent to invade the privacy of the other person, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>photographs or by videotape or other electronic means records, broadcasts, or transmits a visual image of an intimate area of another person if the other person has a reasonable expectation that the intimate area is not subject to public view;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>photographs or by videotape or other electronic means records, broadcasts, or transmits a visual image of another person in a place in which a person has a reasonable expectation of privacy; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>knowing the character and content of the photograph, recording, broadcast, or transmission, promotes a photograph, recording, broadcast, or transmission described by Subdivision (1) or (2).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.15/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (b)(2), a sign or signs posted indicating that the person is being photographed or that a visual image of the person is being recorded, broadcast, or transmitted is not sufficient to establish the person's consent under that subdivision.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 458, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 500, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 306 (H.B. 1804), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 955 (S.B. 1317), Sec. 1, eff. June 18, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 955 (S.B. 1317), Sec. 2, eff. June 18, 2015. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 248 (H.B. 1465), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 248 (H.B. 1465), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16"> <num value="21.16">Sec. 21.16.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL DISCLOSURE OR PROMOTION OF INTIMATE VISUAL MATERIAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Intimate parts" means the naked genitals, pubic area, anus, buttocks, or female nipple of a person.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Promote" means to procure, manufacture, issue, sell, give, provide, lend, mail, deliver, transfer, transmit, publish, distribute, circulate, disseminate, present, exhibit, or advertise or to offer or agree to do any of the above.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Sexual conduct" means sexual contact, actual or simulated sexual intercourse, deviate sexual intercourse, sexual bestiality, masturbation, or sadomasochistic abuse.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Simulated" means the explicit depiction of sexual conduct that creates the appearance of actual sexual conduct and during which a person engaging in the conduct exhibits any uncovered portion of the breasts, genitals, or buttocks.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>"Visual material" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>any film, photograph, videotape, negative, or slide or any photographic reproduction that contains or incorporates in any manner any film, photograph, videotape, negative, or slide; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>any disk, diskette, or other physical medium, or a file in any digital format, that allows an image to be displayed on a computer or other video screen and any image transmitted to a computer or other video screen by telephone line, cable, satellite transmission, or other method.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>without the effective consent of the depicted person and with the intent to harm that person, the person discloses visual material depicting another person with the person's intimate parts exposed or engaged in sexual conduct;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>at the time of the disclosure, the person knows or has reason to believe that the visual material was obtained by the person or created under circumstances in which the depicted person had a reasonable expectation that the visual material would remain private;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the disclosure of the visual material causes harm to the depicted person; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>the disclosure of the visual material reveals the identity of the depicted person in any manner, including through:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>any accompanying or subsequent information or material related to the visual material; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>information or material provided by a third party in response to the disclosure of the visual material.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally threatens to disclose, without the consent of the depicted person, visual material depicting another person with the person's intimate parts exposed or engaged in sexual conduct and the actor makes the threat to obtain a benefit:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>in return for not making the disclosure; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>in connection with the threatened disclosure.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, knowing the character and content of the visual material, the person promotes visual material described by Subsection (b) on an Internet website or other forum for publication that is owned or operated by the person.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that the depicted person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>created or consented to the creation of the visual material; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>voluntarily transmitted the visual material to the actor.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b) or (d) that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the disclosure or promotion is made in the course of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>lawful and common practices of law enforcement or medical treatment;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>reporting unlawful activity; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a legal proceeding, if the disclosure or promotion is permitted or required by law;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the disclosure or promotion consists of visual material depicting in a public or commercial setting only a person's voluntary exposure of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the person's intimate parts; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the person engaging in sexual conduct; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor is an interactive computer service, as defined by 47 U.S.C. Section 230, and the disclosure or promotion consists of visual material provided by another person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.16/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 852 (S.B. 1135), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2015. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 858 (H.B. 2552), Sec. 16(b), eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1354 (H.B. 98), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165"> <num value="21.165">Sec. 21.165.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL PRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN SEXUALLY EXPLICIT MEDIA</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Deep fake media" means a visual depiction created or altered through the use of software, machine learning, artificial intelligence, or any other computer-generated or technological means, including by adapting, modifying, manipulating, or altering an authentic visual depiction manually or through an automated process, that appears to a reasonable person to depict a real person, indistinguishable from an authentic visual depiction of the real person, performing an action that did not occur in reality.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Intimate parts" and "sexual conduct" have the meanings assigned by Section 21.16.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Visual depiction" means a photograph, motion picture film, videotape, digital image or video, or other visual recording.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, without the effective consent of the person appearing to be depicted, the person knowingly produces or distributes by electronic means deep fake media that appears to depict the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>with visible computer-generated intimate parts or with the visible intimate parts of another human being as the intimate parts of the person; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>engaging in sexual conduct in which the person did not engage.</content> <continuation>(b-1) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally threatens to produce or distribute deep fake media with the intent to coerce, extort, harass, or intimidate another person.</continuation> <continuation>(b-2) Consent required by Subsection (b) is valid only if the person appearing to be depicted knowingly and voluntarily signed a written agreement that was drafted in plain language. The agreement must include:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a general description of the deep fake media; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>if applicable, the audiovisual work into which the deep fake media will be incorporated.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (b) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor has been previously convicted of an offense under this section; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person appearing to be depicted is younger than 18 years of age.</content> <continuation>(c-1) An offense under Subsection (b-1) is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor has been previously convicted of an offense under this section; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor threatened to produce or distribute deep fake media appearing to depict a person younger than 18 years of age.</content> <continuation>(c-2) It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that the deep fake media:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>contains a disclaimer stating that the media was unauthorized or that the person appearing to be depicted did not participate in the creation or development of the deep fake media; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>indicates, through a label or otherwise, that the depiction is not authentic.</content> <continuation>(c-3) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the production or distribution of the deep fake media occurs in the course of:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>lawful and common practices of law enforcement;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>reporting unlawful activity; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a legal proceeding, if the production or distribution is permitted or required by law.</content> <continuation>(c-4) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b) that the actor:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is an Internet service provider, cloud service provider, cybersecurity service provider, communication service provider, or telecommunications network that transmits data; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>acted solely in a technical, automatic, or intermediate nature.</content> <continuation>(c-5) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b) that the actor:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is a provider or developer of a publicly accessible artificial intelligence application or software that was used in the creation of the deep fake media;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>included a prohibition against the creation of deep fake media prohibited by this section in the actor's terms and conditions or user policies that are required to be acknowledged by a user before the user is granted access to the artificial intelligence application or software; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>took affirmative steps to prevent the creation of deep fake media prohibited by this section through technological tools, such as:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>training the artificial intelligence application or software to identify deep fake media prohibited by this section;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>providing effective reporting tools for deep fake media prohibited by this section;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>filtering deep fake media prohibited by this section created by the artificial intelligence application or software before the media is shown to a user; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>filtering deep fake media prohibited by this section from the artificial intelligence application or software data set before the data set is used to train the application or software.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.165/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>The court shall order a defendant convicted of an offense under this section to make restitution to the victim of the offense for any psychological, financial, or reputational harm incurred by the victim as a result of the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 355 (S.B. 1361), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1133 (S.B. 441), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1133 (S.B. 441), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1133 (S.B. 441), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17"> <num value="21.17">Sec. 21.17.</num> <heading>VOYEURISM</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person, with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of the actor, observes, including remotely through the use of electronic means, another person without the other person's consent while the other person is in a dwelling or structure in which the other person has a reasonable expectation of privacy.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (c) or (d), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a state jail felony if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor has previously been convicted of an offense under this section;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the victim was a child younger than 18 years of age at the time of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the offense was committed in a location that was on the premises of a postsecondary educational institution.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the victim was a child younger than 18 years of age at the time of the offense; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor has previously been convicted of an offense punishable under Subsection (c)(2).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.17/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>In this section, "postsecondary educational institution" and "premises" have the meanings assigned by Section 12.502.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 676 (H.B. 207), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Redesignated from Penal Code, Section 21.16 by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 24.001(35), eff. September 1, 2017. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 326 (H.B. 2306), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 557 (H.B. 1422), Sec. 19, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18"> <num value="21.18">Sec. 21.18.</num> <heading>SEXUAL COERCION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Intimate visual material" means the visual material described by Section 21.16(b)(1) or (c).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Sexual conduct" has the meaning assigned by Section 43.25.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally threatens, including by coercion or extortion, to commit an offense under Chapter 43 or Section 20A.02(a)(3), (4), (7), or (8), 21.02, 21.03, 21.08, 21.11, 21.12, 21.15, 21.16, 21.17, 22.011, or 22.021 to obtain, in return for not committing the threatened offense or in connection with the threatened offense, any of the following benefits:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intimate visual material;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an act involving sexual conduct causing arousal or gratification; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a monetary benefit or other benefit of value.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally threatens, including by coercion or extortion, to commit an offense under Chapter 19 or 20 or Section 20A.02(a)(1), (2), (5), or (6) to obtain, in return for not committing the threatened offense or in connection with the threatened offense, either of the following benefits:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intimate visual material; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an act involving sexual conduct causing arousal or gratification.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>This section applies to a threat regardless of how that threat is communicated, including a threat transmitted through e-mail or an Internet website, social media account, or chat room and a threat made by other electronic or technological means.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.18/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has previously been convicted of an offense under this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 858 (H.B. 2552), Sec. 16(c), eff. September 1, 2017. Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 4(b), eff. September 1, 2017. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 557 (H.B. 1422), Sec. 20, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.19"> <num value="21.19">Sec. 21.19.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF SEXUALLY EXPLICIT VISUAL MATERIAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.19/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "intimate parts," "sexual conduct," and "visual material" have the meanings assigned by Section 21.16.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.19/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly transmits by electronic means visual material that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.19/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>depicts:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.19/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>any person engaging in sexual conduct or with the person's intimate parts exposed; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.19/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>covered genitals of a male person that are in a discernibly turgid state; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.19/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is not sent at the request of or with the express consent of the recipient.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.19/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c21/s21.19/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 848 (H.B. 2789), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22"> <num value="22">CHAPTER 22.</num> <heading>ASSAULTIVE OFFENSES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01"> <num value="22.01">Sec. 22.01.</num> <heading>ASSAULT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly threatens another with imminent bodily injury, including the person's spouse; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another when the person knows or should reasonably believe that the other will regard the contact as offensive or provocative.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed against:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code, if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense that was committed:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; and</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>under:</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>this chapter, Chapter 19, or Section 20.03, 20.04, 21.11, or 25.11;</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Section 25.07, if the applicable violation was based on the commission of family violence as described by Subsection (a)(1) of that section; or</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Section 25.072, if any of the applicable violations were based on the commission of family violence as described by Section 25.07(a)(1); or</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the offense is committed by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of the person by applying pressure to the person's throat or neck or by blocking the person's nose or mouth;</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a person who contracts with government to perform a service in a facility described by Section 1.07(a)(14), Penal Code, or Section 51.02(13) or (14), Family Code, or an employee of that person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by government to provide the service; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is a security officer while the officer is performing a duty as a security officer;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is emergency services personnel while the person is providing emergency services;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is a process server while the person is performing a duty as a process server;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a pregnant individual to force the individual to have an abortion;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is pregnant at the time of the offense;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is hospital personnel while the person is located on hospital property, including all land and buildings owned or leased by the hospital; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>a person the actor knows or reasonably should know is an employee or agent of a utility while the person is performing a duty within the scope of that employment or agency.</content> <continuation>(b-1) Notwithstanding Subsections (b) and (c), an offense under Subsection (a) is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>by an actor who is committed to a civil commitment facility; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>against:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the officer or employee is lawfully discharging an official duty; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty by the officer or employee; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is contracting with the state to perform a service in a civil commitment facility or an employee of that person:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract.</content> <continuation>(b-2) Notwithstanding Subsection (b)(1), an offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the second degree if the offense is committed against a person the actor knows is a peace officer or judge while the officer or judge is lawfully discharging an official duty or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a peace officer or judge.</continuation> <continuation>(b-3) Notwithstanding Subsection (b)(2), an offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the second degree if:</continuation> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the offense is committed against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense that was committed:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>under:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>this chapter, Chapter 19, or Section 20.03, 20.04, 21.11, or 25.11;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>Section 25.07, if the applicable violation was based on the commission of family violence as described by Subsection (a)(1) of that section; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>Section 25.072, if any of the applicable violations were based on the commission of family violence as described by Section 25.07(a)(1); and</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the offense is committed by intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly impeding the normal breathing or circulation of the blood of the person by applying pressure to the person's throat or neck or by blocking the person's nose or mouth.</content> <continuation>(b-4) Notwithstanding Subsection (b), an offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense in the course of committing an offense under Section 20.05(a)(2).</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a)(2) or (3) is a Class C misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(3) against an elderly individual or disabled individual, as those terms are defined by Section 22.04;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a Class B misdemeanor if the offense is committed by a person who is not a sports participant against a person the actor knows is a sports participant either:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>while the participant is performing duties or responsibilities in the participant's capacity as a sports participant; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of the participant's performance of a duty or responsibility within the participant's capacity as a sports participant; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the offense is committed against a pregnant individual to force the individual to have an abortion.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (b), the actor is presumed to have known the person assaulted was a public servant, a security officer, an employee or agent of a utility, or emergency services personnel if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment, agency, or status, as applicable.</content> <continuation>(d-1) The actor is presumed to have known the person assaulted was a person described by Subsection (b-1)(2)(A) or (B), as applicable, if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's status as an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office or a contractor or employee of a contractor performing a service in a civil commitment facility.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Emergency services personnel" includes firefighters, emergency medical services personnel as defined by Section 773.003, Health and Safety Code, emergency room personnel, and other individuals who, in the course and scope of employment or as a volunteer, provide services for the benefit of the general public during emergency situations.</content> <continuation>(1-a) "Hospital personnel" includes nurses, physicians, physician assistants, maintenance or janitorial staff, receptionists, and other individuals who are employed by or work in a facility that is licensed as a general hospital or special hospital, as those terms are defined by Section 241.003, Health and Safety Code, including a hospital maintained or operated by the state.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Process server" has the meaning assigned by Section 156.001, Government Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section 1702.002, Occupations Code, or a noncommissioned security officer registered under Section 1702.221, Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Sports participant" means a person who participates in any official capacity with respect to an interscholastic, intercollegiate, or other organized amateur or professional athletic competition and includes an athlete, referee, umpire, linesman, coach, instructor, administrator, or staff member.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>"Utility" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an electric utility, as defined by Section 31.002, Utilities Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a telecommunications provider, as defined by Section 51.002, Utilities Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a cable service provider or video service provider, as defined by Section 66.002, Utilities Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a gas utility, as defined by Section 101.003, Utilities Code, which for the purposes of this subsection includes a municipally owned utility as defined by that section;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a gas utility, as defined by Section 121.001, Utilities Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>a pipeline used for the transportation or sale of oil, gas, or related products; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>an electric cooperative or municipally owned utility, as defined by Section 11.003, Utilities Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>For the purposes of Subsections (b)(2)(A) and (b-3)(2):</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a defendant has been previously convicted of an offense listed in those subsections committed against a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code, if the defendant was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred adjudication, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and the defendant was subsequently discharged from community supervision; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a conviction under the laws of another state for an offense containing elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense listed in those subsections is a conviction of the offense listed.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.01/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or both sections.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., 1st C.S., p. 55, ch. 2, Sec. 12, 13, eff. July 22, 1977; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 260, ch. 135, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 367, ch. 164, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5311, ch. 977, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1052, Sec. 2.08, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 739, Sec. 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, Sec. 284(23) to (26), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 366, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 27.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 659, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 27.01, 31.01(68), eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1158, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 294, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1028, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728 (H.B. 2018), Sec. 16.002, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 623 (H.B. 495), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 623 (H.B. 495), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 427 (H.B. 2066), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 665 (H.B. 2240), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 875 (H.B. 705), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 27, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 440 (H.B. 2908), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 858 (H.B. 2552), Sec. 18, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 467 (H.B. 4170), Sec. 21.001(39), eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 467 (H.B. 4170), Sec. 21.002(14), eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 751 (H.B. 902), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 461 (H.B. 1306), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 461 (H.B. 1306), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 199 (S.B. 840), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 199 (S.B. 840), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 351 (S.B. 1179), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 694 (H.B. 1589), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 6, eff. February 6, 2024. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 478 (S.B. 482), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 478 (S.B. 482), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1145 (S.B. 1610), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011"> <num value="22.011">Sec. 22.011.</num> <heading>SEXUAL ASSAULT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person by any means, without that person's consent;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of another person by the sexual organ of the actor, without that person's consent; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of another person, without that person's consent, to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child at the time of the offense, the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of a child by any means;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of a child by the sexual organ of the actor;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of a child to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>causes the anus of a child to contact the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>causes the mouth of a child to contact the anus or sexual organ of another person, including the actor.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A sexual assault under Subsection (a)(1) is without the consent of the other person if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by the use of physical force, violence, or coercion;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by threatening to use force or violence against the other person or to cause harm to the other person, and the other person believes that the actor has the present ability to execute the threat;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the other person has not consented and the actor knows the other person is unconscious or physically unable to resist;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor knows that as a result of mental disease or defect the other person is at the time of the sexual assault incapable either of appraising the nature of the act or of resisting it;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>the other person has not consented and the actor knows the other person is unaware that the sexual assault is occurring;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>the actor knows that the other person is intoxicated or impaired by any substance to the extent that the other person is incapable of consenting;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>the actor compels the other person to submit or participate by threatening to use force or violence against any person, and the other person believes that the actor has the ability to execute the threat;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>the actor is a public servant who coerces the other person to submit or participate;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>the actor is a mental health services provider or a health care services provider who causes the other person, who is a patient or former patient of the actor, to submit or participate by exploiting the other person's emotional dependency on the actor;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>the actor is a clergyman who causes the other person to submit or participate by exploiting the other person's emotional dependency on the clergyman in the clergyman's professional character as spiritual adviser;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>the actor is an employee of a facility where the other person is a resident, unless the employee and resident are formally or informally married to each other under Chapter 2, Family Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <content>the actor is a health care services provider who, in the course of performing an assisted reproduction procedure on the other person, uses human reproductive material from a donor knowing that the other person has not expressly consented to the use of material from that donor;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/13"> <num value="13">(13)</num> <content>the actor is a coach or tutor who causes the other person to submit or participate by using the actor's power or influence to exploit the other person's dependency on the actor; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/14"> <num value="14">(14)</num> <content>the actor is a caregiver hired to assist the other person with activities of daily life and causes the other person to submit or participate by exploiting the other person's dependency on the actor.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means a person younger than 17 years of age.</content> <continuation>(1-a) "Consent" has the meaning assigned by Section 1.07.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Spouse" means a person who is legally married to another.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Health care services provider" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a physician licensed under Subtitle B, Title 3, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a chiropractor licensed under Chapter 201, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a physical therapist licensed under Chapter 453, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a physician assistant licensed under Chapter 204, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a registered nurse, a vocational nurse, or an advanced practice nurse licensed under Chapter 301, Occupations Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>a massage therapist licensed under Chapter 455, Occupations Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>"Mental health services provider" means an individual, licensed or unlicensed, who performs or purports to perform mental health services, including a:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>licensed social worker as defined by Section 505.002, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>chemical dependency counselor as defined by Section 504.001, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>licensed professional counselor as defined by Section 503.002, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>licensed marriage and family therapist as defined by Section 502.002, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>member of the clergy;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>psychologist offering psychological services as defined by Section 501.003, Occupations Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>special officer for mental health assignment certified under Section 1701.404, Occupations Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Employee of a facility" means a person who is an employee of a facility defined by Section 250.001, Health and Safety Code, or any other person who provides services for a facility for compensation, including a contract laborer.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Assisted reproduction" and "donor" have the meanings assigned by Section 160.102, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>"Human reproductive material" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a human spermatozoon or ovum; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a human organism at any stage of development from fertilized ovum to embryo.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2) that the conduct consisted of medical care for the child and did not include any contact between the anus or sexual organ of the child and the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of the actor or a third party.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2):</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>that the actor was the spouse of the child at the time of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor was not more than three years older than the victim and at the time of the offense:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>was not required under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, to register for life as a sex offender; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>was not a person who under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, had a reportable conviction or adjudication for an offense under this section; and</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the victim:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>was a child of 14 years of age or older; and</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>was not:</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>a person whom the actor was prohibited from marrying or purporting to marry or with whom the actor was prohibited from living under the appearance of being married under Section 25.01; or</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>a person with whom the actor was prohibited from engaging in sexual intercourse or deviate sexual intercourse under Section 25.02.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that an offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the first degree if the victim was:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a person whom the actor was prohibited from marrying or purporting to marry or with whom the actor was prohibited from living under the appearance of being married under Section 25.01; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a person with whom the actor was prohibited from engaging in sexual intercourse or deviate sexual intercourse under Section 25.02; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.011/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(1) and the actor has not received express consent as described by Subsection (b)(12).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5312, ch. 977, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 557, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1029, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 662, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 273, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1031, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1286, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1102, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1415, Sec. 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.829, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 155, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 528, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 553, Sec. 2.017, eff. Feb. 1, 2004. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 268 (S.B. 6), Sec. 4.02, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 260 (H.B. 549), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 260 (H.B. 549), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 33, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 436 (S.B. 1259), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 436 (S.B. 1259), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 738 (H.B. 667), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 873 (S.B. 1164), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 915 (H.B. 3607), Sec. 16.002, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 95 (S.B. 703), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 179 (S.B. 761), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 747 (H.B. 3073), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 747 (H.B. 3073), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.012"> <num value="22.012">Sec. 22.012.</num> <heading>INDECENT ASSAULT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.012/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, without the other person's consent and with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.012/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>touches the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of another person;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.012/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>touches another person with the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of any person;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.012/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>exposes or attempts to expose another person's genitals, pubic area, anus, buttocks, or female areola; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.012/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>causes another person to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of any person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 596 (H.B. 2593), Sec. 1 (b) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is: (1) a state jail felony if it is shown on the trial of the offense that: (A) the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this section, other than an offense punishable under Paragraph (B); or (B) the defendant is a health care services provider or a mental health services provider and the act is: (i) committed during the course of providing a treatment or service to the victim; and (ii) beyond the scope of generally accepted practices for the treatment or service; (2) a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this section that is punishable under Subdivision (1)(B); or (3) a felony of the second degree if the victim is a disabled individual or an elderly individual. Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1145 (S.B. 1610), Sec. 4 (b) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is: (1) a state jail felony if it is shown on the trial of the offense that: (A) the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this section, other than an offense punishable under Paragraph (B); or (B) the defendant is a health care services provider or a mental health services provider and the act is: (i) committed during the course of providing a treatment or service to the victim; and (ii) beyond the scope of generally accepted practices for the treatment or service; (2) a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this section that is punishable under Subdivision (1)(B); or (3) a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed by an actor who is committed to a civil commitment facility, against: (A) a person the actor knows is an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office: (i) while the officer or employee is lawfully discharging an official duty; or (ii) in retaliation for or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty by the officer or employee; or (B) a person the actor knows is contracting with the state to perform a service in a civil commitment facility or an employee of that person: (i) while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract; or (ii) in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract. (c) If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both. (d) In this section: (1) "Disabled individual" and "elderly individual" have the meanings assigned by Section 22.04. (2) "Health care services provider" and "mental health services provider" have the meanings assigned by Section 22.011. Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 955 (S.B. 194), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 659 (H.B. 55), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 596 (H.B. 2593), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1145 (S.B. 1610), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02"> <num value="22.02">Sec. 22.02.</num> <heading>AGGRAVATED ASSAULT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person commits assault as defined in Sec. 22.01 and the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>causes serious bodily injury to another, including the person's spouse; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>uses or exhibits a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the actor uses a deadly weapon during the commission of the assault and causes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>serious bodily injury to a person whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a traumatic brain or spine injury to another that results in a persistent vegetative state or irreversible paralysis;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>regardless of whether the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(1) or (a)(2), the offense is committed:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>by a public servant acting under color of the servant's office or employment;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>against a person the actor knows is a public servant while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty, or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a public servant;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>in retaliation against or on account of the service of another as a witness, prospective witness, informant, or person who has reported the occurrence of a crime;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>against a person the actor knows is a process server while the person is performing a duty as a process server;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>against a person the actor knows is a security officer while the officer is performing a duty as a security officer; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>by an actor who is committed to a civil commitment facility, against:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office:</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>while the officer or employee is lawfully discharging an official duty; or</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>in retaliation for or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty by the officer or employee; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>a person the actor knows is contracting with the state to perform a service in a civil commitment facility or an employee of that person:</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract; or</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract;</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>the actor is inside of or directly en route to or from a motor vehicle, as defined by Section 501.002, Transportation Code, and:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>knowingly discharges a firearm at or in the direction of a habitation, building, or vehicle;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is reckless as to whether the habitation, building, or vehicle is occupied; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>in discharging the firearm:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes bodily injury to any person or damage to any property; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>places any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury; or</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor commits the assault as part of a mass shooting.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>The actor is presumed to have known the person assaulted was a public servant or a security officer if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public servant or status as a security officer.</content> <continuation>(c-1) The actor is presumed to have known the person assaulted was a person described by Subsection (b)(2)(F)(i) or (ii), as applicable, if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's status as an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office or a contractor or employee of a contractor performing a service in a civil commitment facility.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Process server" has the meaning assigned by Section 156.001, Government Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section 1702.002, Occupations Code, or a noncommissioned security officer registered under Section 1702.221, Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 367, ch. 164, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1521, ch. 655, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 349, ch. 79, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5311, ch. 977, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 223, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 18, Sec. 3, eff. April 14, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 1101, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 939, Sec. 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 334, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 903, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1019, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 788 (S.B. 91), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 594 (H.B. 176), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 461 (H.B. 1306), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 300 (H.B. 28), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 467 (H.B. 165), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 889 (S.B. 3031), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1145 (S.B. 1610), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021"> <num value="22.021">Sec. 22.021.</num> <heading>AGGRAVATED SEXUAL ASSAULT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>if the person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of another person by any means, without that person's consent;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of another person by the sexual organ of the actor, without that person's consent; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of another person, without that person's consent, to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>regardless of whether the person knows the age of the child at the time of the offense, intentionally or knowingly:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes the penetration of the anus or sexual organ of a child by any means;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>causes the penetration of the mouth of a child by the sexual organ of the actor;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>causes the sexual organ of a child to contact or penetrate the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>causes the anus of a child to contact the mouth, anus, or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; or</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>causes the mouth of a child to contact the anus or sexual organ of another person, including the actor; and</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the person:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes serious bodily injury or attempts to cause the death of the victim or another person in the course of the same criminal episode;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>by acts or words places the victim in fear that any person will become the victim of an offense under Section 20A.02(a)(3), (4), (7), or (8) or that death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping will be imminently inflicted on any person;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>by acts or words occurring in the presence of the victim threatens to cause any person to become the victim of an offense under Section 20A.02(a)(3), (4), (7), or (8) or to cause the death, serious bodily injury, or kidnapping of any person;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>uses or exhibits a deadly weapon in the course of the same criminal episode;</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>acts in concert with another who engages in conduct described by Subdivision (1) directed toward the same victim and occurring during the course of the same criminal episode; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/vi"> <num value="vi">(vi)</num> <content>with the intent of facilitating the commission of the offense, administers or provides to the victim of the offense any substance capable of impairing the victim's ability to appraise the nature of the act or to resist the act;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the victim is younger than 14 years of age, regardless of whether the person knows the age of the victim at the time of the offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the victim is an elderly individual or a disabled individual.</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.011(c).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Elderly individual" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.04(c).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Disabled individual" means a person older than 13 years of age who by reason of age or physical or mental disease, defect, or injury is substantially unable to protect the person's self from harm or to provide food, shelter, or medical care for the person's self.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An aggravated sexual assault under this section is without the consent of the other person if the aggravated sexual assault occurs under the same circumstances listed in Section 22.011(b).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>The defense provided by Section 22.011(d) applies to this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>The minimum term of imprisonment for an offense under this section is increased to 25 years if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the victim of the offense is younger than 10 years of age at the time the offense is committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the victim of the offense is younger than 14 years of age at the time the offense is committed and the actor commits the offense in a manner described by Subsection (a)(2)(A).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5312, ch. 977, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 573, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 16, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1286, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 417, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 459, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 528, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 896, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 1.18, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 6.05, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 784 (H.B. 2589), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 34, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 557 (H.B. 1422), Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04"> <num value="22.04">Sec. 22.04.</num> <heading>INJURY TO A CHILD, ELDERLY INDIVIDUAL, OR DISABLED INDIVIDUAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence, by act or intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly by omission, causes to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>serious bodily injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>serious mental deficiency, impairment, or injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>bodily injury.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person commits an offense if the person is an owner, operator, or employee of a group home, nursing facility, assisted living facility, boarding home facility, intermediate care facility for persons with an intellectual or developmental disability, or other institutional care facility and the person intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence by omission causes to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual who is a resident of that group home or facility:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>serious bodily injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>serious mental deficiency, impairment, or injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>bodily injury.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An omission that causes a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3) or (a-1)(1), (2), or (3) is conduct constituting an offense under this section if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor has a legal or statutory duty to act; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor has assumed care, custody, or control of a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means a person 14 years of age or younger.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Elderly individual" means a person 65 years of age or older.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Disabled individual" means a person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>with one or more of the following:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>autism spectrum disorder, as defined by Section 1355.001, Insurance Code;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>developmental disability, as defined by Section 112.042, Human Resources Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>intellectual disability, as defined by Section 591.003, Health and Safety Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>severe emotional disturbance, as defined by Section 261.001, Family Code;</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>traumatic brain injury, as defined by Section 92.001, Health and Safety Code; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/vi"> <num value="vi">(vi)</num> <content>mental illness, as defined by Section 571.003, Health and Safety Code; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>who otherwise by reason of age or physical or mental disease, defect, or injury is substantially unable to protect the person's self from harm or to provide food, shelter, or medical care for the person's self.</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620, Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2011.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of an omission that causes a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3), the actor has assumed care, custody, or control if the actor has by act, words, or course of conduct acted so as to cause a reasonable person to conclude that the actor has accepted responsibility for protection, food, shelter, or medical care for a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual. For purposes of an omission that causes a condition described by Subsection (a-1)(1), (2), or (3), the actor acting during the actor's capacity as owner, operator, or employee of a group home or facility described by Subsection (a-1) is considered to have accepted responsibility for protection, food, shelter, or medical care for the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual who is a resident of the group home or facility.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) or (2) or (a-1)(1) or (2) is a felony of the first degree when the conduct is committed intentionally or knowingly. When the conduct is engaged in recklessly, the offense is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(3) or (a-1)(3) is a felony of the third degree when the conduct is committed intentionally or knowingly, except that an offense under Subsection (a)(3) is a felony of the second degree when the conduct is committed intentionally or knowingly and the victim is a disabled individual residing in a center, as defined by Section 555.001, Health and Safety Code, or in a facility licensed under Chapter 252, Health and Safety Code, and the actor is an employee of the center or facility whose employment involved providing direct care for the victim. When the conduct is engaged in recklessly, the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) is a state jail felony when the person acts with criminal negligence. An offense under Subsection (a-1) is a state jail felony when the person, with criminal negligence and by omission, causes a condition described by Subsection (a-1)(1), (2), or (3).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>A person who is subject to prosecution under both this section and another section of this code may be prosecuted under either or both sections. Section 3.04 does not apply to criminal episodes prosecuted under both this section and another section of this code. If a criminal episode is prosecuted under both this section and another section of this code and sentences are assessed for convictions under both sections, the sentences shall run concurrently.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(2) that before the offense the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>notified in person the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual that the actor would no longer provide the applicable care described by Subsection (d), and notified in writing the parents or a person, other than the actor, acting in loco parentis to the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual that the actor would no longer provide the applicable care described by Subsection (d); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>notified in writing the Department of Family and Protective Services that the actor would no longer provide the applicable care described by Subsection (d).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <content>Written notification under Subsection (i)(2) or (i)(3) is not effective unless it contains the name and address of the actor, the name and address of the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual, the type of care provided by the actor, and the date the care was discontinued.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/k"> <num value="k">(k)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the act or omission consisted of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>reasonable medical care occurring under the direction of or by a licensed physician; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>emergency medical care administered in good faith and with reasonable care by a person not licensed in the healing arts.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/l"> <num value="l">(l)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>that the act or omission was based on treatment in accordance with the tenets and practices of a recognized religious method of healing with a generally accepted record of efficacy;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>for a person charged with an act of omission causing to a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3) that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>there is no evidence that, on the date prior to the offense charged, the defendant was aware of an incident of injury to the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual and failed to report the incident; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the person:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>was a victim of family violence, as that term is defined by Section 71.004, Family Code, committed by a person who is also charged with an offense against the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual under this section or any other section of this title;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>did not cause a condition described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3); and</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>did not reasonably believe at the time of the omission that an effort to prevent the person also charged with an offense against the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual from committing the offense would have an effect; or</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor was not more than three years older than the victim at the time of the offense; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the victim was a nondisabled or disabled child at the time of the offense.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.04/m"> <num value="m">(m)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsections (a)(1), (2), and (3) for injury to a disabled individual that the person did not know and could not reasonably have known that the individual was a disabled individual, as defined by Subsection (c), at the time of the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2067, ch. 819, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 365, ch. 162, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 472, ch. 202, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2397, ch. 604, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 357, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 497, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 8.139, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(b), eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 268 (S.B. 6), Sec. 1.125(a), eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 949 (H.B. 1575), Sec. 46, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 284 (S.B. 643), Sec. 38, eff. June 11, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 719 (H.B. 1286), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 719 (H.B. 1286), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 361 (H.B. 3019), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 361 (H.B. 3019), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 187 (S.B. 1354), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041"> <num value="22.041">Sec. 22.041.</num> <heading>ABANDONING OR ENDANGERING A CHILD, ELDERLY INDIVIDUAL, OR DISABLED INDIVIDUAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Abandon" means to leave in any place without providing reasonable and necessary care a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual under circumstances under which no reasonable, similarly situated person would leave a child or individual of that age and ability.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Child," "elderly individual," and "disabled individual" have the meanings assigned by Section 22.04.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person, having custody, care, or control of a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual, intentionally abandons the child or individual in any place under circumstances that expose the child or individual to an unreasonable risk of harm.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence, by act or omission, engages in conduct that places a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment.</content> <continuation>(c-1) For purposes of Subsection (c), it is presumed that a person engaged in conduct that places a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment if:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person manufactured, possessed, or in any way introduced into the body of any person the controlled substance methamphetamine or a controlled substance listed in Penalty Group 1-B, Section 481.1022, Health and Safety Code, in the presence of the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person's conduct related to the proximity or accessibility of the controlled substance methamphetamine or a controlled substance listed in Penalty Group 1-B, Section 481.1022, Health and Safety Code, to the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual and an analysis of a specimen of the child's or individual's blood, urine, or other bodily substance indicates the presence of methamphetamine or a controlled substance listed in Penalty Group 1-B in the body of the child or individual; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the person injected, ingested, inhaled, or otherwise introduced a controlled substance listed in Penalty Group 1, Section 481.102, Health and Safety Code, or Penalty Group 1-B, Section 481.1022, Health and Safety Code, into the human body when the person was not in lawful possession of the substance as defined by Section 481.002(24) of that code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under Subsection (b) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the actor abandoned the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual with intent to return for the child or individual; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the actor abandoned the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual without intent to return for the child or individual.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the second degree if the actor abandons the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual under circumstances that a reasonable person would believe would place the child or individual in imminent danger of death, bodily injury, or physical or mental impairment.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (c) is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (c) that the act or omission enables the child, elderly individual, or disabled individual to practice for or participate in an organized athletic event and that appropriate safety equipment and procedures are employed in the event.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.041/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section for abandoning or endangering a child that the actor voluntarily delivered the child to a designated emergency infant care provider under Section 262.302, Family Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 791, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 904, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 687, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1087, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 809, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 282 (H.B. 164), Sec. 10, eff. August 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 840 (H.B. 946), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 584 (S.B. 768), Sec. 19, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 830 (H.B. 2187), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 113 (H.B. 166), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05"> <num value="22.05">Sec. 22.05.</num> <heading>DEADLY CONDUCT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he recklessly engages in conduct that places another in imminent danger of serious bodily injury.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he knowingly discharges a firearm at or in the direction of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>one or more individuals; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a habitation, building, or vehicle and is reckless as to whether the habitation, building, or vehicle is occupied.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, recklessness and danger are presumed if the actor knowingly pointed a firearm at or in the direction of another whether or not the actor believed the firearm to be loaded. The presumption under this subsection does not apply to a peace officer engaged in the lawful discharge of the officer's official duties.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "building," "habitation," and "vehicle" have the meanings assigned those terms by Section 30.01.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) is a Class A misdemeanor. An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>Subsection (b)(1) does not apply to a peace officer if, at the time of the offense, the officer:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was engaged in the actual discharge of the officer's official duties; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>reasonably believed the discharge of the officer's firearm was justified under Chapter 9.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1146 (S.B. 1637), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06"> <num value="22.06">Sec. 22.06.</num> <heading>CONSENT AS DEFENSE TO ASSAULTIVE CONDUCT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>The victim's effective consent or the actor's reasonable belief that the victim consented to the actor's conduct is a defense to prosecution under Section 22.01 (Assault), 22.02 (Aggravated Assault), or 22.05 (Deadly Conduct) if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the conduct did not threaten or inflict serious bodily injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the victim knew the conduct was a risk of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>his occupation;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>recognized medical treatment; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a scientific experiment conducted by recognized methods.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The defense to prosecution provided by Subsection (a) is not available to a defendant who commits an offense described by Subsection (a) as a condition of the defendant's or the victim's initiation or continued membership in a criminal street gang, as defined by Section 71.01.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 273 (H.B. 184), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07"> <num value="22.07">Sec. 22.07.</num> <heading>TERRORISTIC THREAT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he threatens to commit any offense involving violence to any person or property with intent to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>cause a reaction of any type to his threat by an official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>place any person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>prevent or interrupt the occupation or use of a building, room, place of assembly, place to which the public has access, place of employment or occupation, aircraft, automobile, or other form of conveyance, or other public place;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>cause impairment or interruption of public communications, public transportation, public water, gas, or power supply or other public service;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>place the public or a substantial group of the public in fear of serious bodily injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>influence the conduct or activities of a branch or agency of the federal government, the state, or a political subdivision of the state.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if the offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is committed against a member of the person's family or household or otherwise constitutes family violence; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is committed against a public servant.</content> <continuation>(c-1) Notwithstanding Subsection (c)(2), an offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a state jail felony if the offense is committed against a person the actor knows is a peace officer or judge.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(3) is a Class A misdemeanor, unless the actor causes pecuniary loss of $1,500 or more to the owner of the building, room, place, or conveyance, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(4), (a)(5), or (a)(6) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Family" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.003, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Family violence" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.004, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Household" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.005, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.07/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (d), the amount of pecuniary loss is the amount of economic loss suffered by the owner of the building, room, place, or conveyance as a result of the prevention or interruption of the occupation or use of the building, room, place, or conveyance.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1114, ch. 530, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 139, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 388, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 446, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Reenacted and amended by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728 (H.B. 2018), Sec. 16.003, eff. September 1, 2005. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 440 (H.B. 2908), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.08"> <num value="22.08">Sec. 22.08.</num> <heading>AIDING SUICIDE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent to promote or assist the commission of suicide by another, he aids or attempts to aid the other to commit or attempt to commit suicide.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor unless the actor's conduct causes suicide or attempted suicide that results in serious bodily injury, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09"> <num value="22.09">Sec. 22.09.</num> <heading>TAMPERING WITH CONSUMER PRODUCT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Consumer Product" means any product offered for sale to or for consumption by the public and includes "food" and "drugs" as those terms are defined in Section 431.002, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Tamper" means to alter or add a foreign substance to a consumer product to make it probable that the consumer product will cause serious bodily injury.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he knowingly or intentionally tampers with a consumer product knowing that the consumer product will be offered for sale to the public or as a gift to another.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he knowingly or intentionally threatens to tamper with a consumer product with the intent to cause fear, to affect the sale of the consumer product, or to cause bodily injury to any person.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.09/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the second degree unless a person suffers serious bodily injury, in which event it is a felony of the first degree. An offense under Subsection (c) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2812, ch. 481, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1008, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, Sec. 284(32), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10"> <num value="22.10">Sec. 22.10.</num> <heading>LEAVING A CHILD IN A VEHICLE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly leaves a child in a motor vehicle for longer than five minutes, knowing that the child is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>younger than seven years of age; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>not attended by an individual in the vehicle who is 14 years of age or older.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.10/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1984, 68th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 24, Sec. 1, eff. Oct. 2, 1984. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11"> <num value="22.11">Sec. 22.11.</num> <heading>HARASSMENT BY PERSONS IN CERTAIN FACILITIES; HARASSMENT OF PUBLIC SERVANT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to assault, harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>while imprisoned or confined in a correctional or detention facility, causes another person to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal, or any other fluid or liquid;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>while committed to a civil commitment facility, causes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal, or any other fluid or liquid:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the officer or employee is lawfully discharging an official duty at a civil commitment facility; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty by the officer or employee; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a person who contracts with the state to perform a service in the facility or an employee of that person to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal, or any other fluid or liquid:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>while the person or employee is engaged in performing a service within the scope of the contract, if the actor knows the person or employee is authorized by the state to provide the service; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in retaliation for or on account of the person's or employee's performance of a service within the scope of the contract; or</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>causes another person the actor knows to be a public servant to contact the blood, seminal fluid, vaginal fluid, saliva, urine, or feces of the actor, any other person, or an animal, or any other fluid or liquid, while the public servant is lawfully discharging an official duty or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of the public servant's official power or performance of an official duty.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "correctional or detention facility" means:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a secure correctional facility; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a "secure correctional facility" or a "secure detention facility" as defined by Section 51.02, Family Code, operated by or under contract with a juvenile board or the Texas Juvenile Justice Department or any other facility operated by or under contract with that department.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (a)(3), the actor is presumed to have known the person was a public servant if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's employment as a public servant.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (a)(2), the actor is presumed to have known the person was an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office or a person who contracts with the state to perform a service in a civil commitment facility or an employee of that person, as applicable, if the person was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating the person's status as an officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office or a contractor or employee of a contractor performing a service in a civil commitment facility.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.11/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>It is not a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a) that the actor warned any person that the actor intended to violate Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 335, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 878, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1006, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 543 (H.B. 1095), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 734 (H.B. 1549), Sec. 142, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 28, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 29, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1145 (S.B. 1610), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12"> <num value="22.12">Sec. 22.12.</num> <heading>APPLICABILITY TO CERTAIN CONDUCT</heading> <chapeau>This chapter does not apply to conduct charged as having been committed against an individual who is an unborn child if the conduct is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>committed by the mother of the unborn child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a lawful medical procedure performed by a physician or other health care provider with the requisite consent;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a lawful medical procedure performed by a physician or other licensed health care provider with the requisite consent as part of an assisted reproduction as defined by Section 160.102, Family Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t5/c22/s22.12/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the dispensation of a drug in accordance with law or administration of a drug prescribed in accordance with law.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 822, Sec. 2.04, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <num value="6">TITLE 6.</num> <heading>OFFENSES AGAINST THE FAMILY</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25"> <num value="25">CHAPTER 25.</num> <heading>OFFENSES AGAINST THE FAMILY</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01"> <num value="25.01">Sec. 25.01.</num> <heading>BIGAMY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>An individual commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>he is legally married and he:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>purports to marry or does marry a person other than his spouse in this state, or any other state or foreign country, under circumstances that would, but for the actor's prior marriage, constitute a marriage; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>lives with a person other than his spouse in this state under the appearance of being married; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>he knows that a married person other than his spouse is married and he:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>purports to marry or does marry that person in this state, or any other state or foreign country, under circumstances that would, but for the person's prior marriage, constitute a marriage; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>lives with that person in this state under the appearance of being married.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "under the appearance of being married" means holding out that the parties are married with cohabitation and an intent to be married by either party.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(1) that the actor reasonably believed at the time of the commission of the offense that the actor and the person whom the actor married or purported to marry or with whom the actor lived under the appearance of being married were legally eligible to be married because the actor's prior marriage was void or had been dissolved by death, divorce, or annulment. For purposes of this subsection, an actor's belief is reasonable if the belief is substantiated by a certified copy of a death certificate or other signed document issued by a court.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For the purposes of this section, the lawful wife or husband of the actor may testify both for or against the actor concerning proof of the original marriage.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that if at the time of the commission of the offense, the person whom the actor marries or purports to marry or with whom the actor lives under the appearance of being married is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>17 years of age, the offense is a felony of the second degree; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>16 years of age or younger, the offense is a felony of the first degree.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 268 (S.B. 6), Sec. 4.03, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 222 (H.B. 253), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02"> <num value="25.02">Sec. 25.02.</num> <heading>PROHIBITED SEXUAL CONDUCT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person engages in sexual intercourse or deviate sexual intercourse with another person the actor knows to be, without regard to legitimacy:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor's ancestor or descendant by blood or adoption;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor's current or former stepchild or stepparent;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor's parent's brother or sister of the whole or half blood;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor's brother or sister of the whole or half blood or by adoption;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>the children of the actor's brother or sister of the whole or half blood or by adoption; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>the son or daughter of the actor's aunt or uncle of the whole or half blood or by adoption.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Deviate sexual intercourse" means any contact between the genitals of one person and the mouth or anus of another person with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Sexual intercourse" means any penetration of the female sex organ by the male sex organ.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, unless the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(1), in which event the offense is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 268 (S.B. 6), Sec. 4.04, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 673 (H.B. 2385), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03"> <num value="25.03">Sec. 25.03.</num> <heading>INTERFERENCE WITH CHILD CUSTODY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person takes or retains a child younger than 18 years of age:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>when the person knows that the person's taking or retention violates the express terms of a judgment or order, including a temporary order, of a court disposing of the child's custody;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>when the person has not been awarded custody of the child by a court of competent jurisdiction, knows that a suit for divorce or a civil suit or application for habeas corpus to dispose of the child's custody has been filed, and takes the child out of the geographic area of the counties composing the judicial district if the court is a district court or the county if the court is a statutory county court, without the permission of the court and with the intent to deprive the court of authority over the child; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>outside of the United States with the intent to deprive a person entitled to possession of or access to the child of that possession or access and without the permission of that person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A noncustodial parent commits an offense if, with the intent to interfere with the lawful custody of a child younger than 18 years, the noncustodial parent knowingly entices or persuades the child to leave the custody of the custodial parent, guardian, or person standing in the stead of the custodial parent or guardian of the child.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2) that the actor returned the child to the geographic area of the counties composing the judicial district if the court is a district court or the county if the court is a statutory county court, within three days after the date of the commission of the offense.</content> <continuation>(c-1) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(3) that:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the taking or retention of the child was pursuant to a valid order providing for possession of or access to the child; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>notwithstanding any violation of a valid order providing for possession of or access to the child, the actor's retention of the child was due only to circumstances beyond the actor's control and the actor promptly provided notice or made reasonable attempts to provide notice of those circumstances to the other person entitled to possession of or access to the child.</content> <continuation>(c-2) Subsection (a)(3) does not apply if, at the time of the offense, the person taking or retaining the child:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was entitled to possession of or access to the child; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was fleeing the commission or attempted commission of family violence, as defined by Section 71.004, Family Code, against the child or the person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.03/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under Subsection (a)(3) also constitutes an offense under Section 20.03, the actor may be prosecuted only under Section 20.03.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1111, ch. 527, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 444, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 830, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 332, Sec. 1, eff. May 24, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 272 (H.B. 95), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 840 (H.B. 3439), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1100 (S.B. 1551), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 520 (H.B. 3025), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.031"> <num value="25.031">Sec. 25.031.</num> <heading>AGREEMENT TO ABDUCT FROM CUSTODY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.031/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person agrees, for remuneration or the promise of remuneration, to abduct a child younger than 18 years of age by force, threat of force, misrepresentation, stealth, or unlawful entry, knowing that the child is under the care and control of a person having custody or physical possession of the child under a court order, including a temporary order, or under the care and control of another person who is exercising care and control with the consent of a person having custody or physical possession under a court order, including a temporary order.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.031/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 444, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1987. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 272 (H.B. 95), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.04"> <num value="25.04">Sec. 25.04.</num> <heading>ENTICING A CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to interfere with the lawful custody of a child younger than 18 years, he knowingly entices, persuades, or takes the child from the custody of the parent or guardian or person standing in the stead of the parent or guardian of such child.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, unless it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor intended to commit a felony against the child, in which event an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 685, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.05"> <num value="25.05">Sec. 25.05.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL NONSUPPORT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>An individual commits an offense if the individual intentionally or knowingly fails to provide support for the individual's child younger than 18 years of age, or for the individual's child who is the subject of a court order requiring the individual to support the child.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "child" includes a child born out of wedlock whose paternity has either been acknowledged by the actor or has been established in a civil suit under the Family Code or the law of another state.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Under this section, a conviction may be had on the uncorroborated testimony of a party to the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor could not provide support for the actor's child.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>The pendency of a prosecution under this section does not affect the power of a court to enter an order for child support under the Family Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.05/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 73, Sec. 13, eff. Nov. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 375, Sec. 1, eff. May 25, 2001.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.06"> <num value="25.06">Sec. 25.06.</num> <heading>HARBORING RUNAWAY CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he knowingly harbors a child and he is criminally negligent about whether the child:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is younger than 18 years; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>has escaped from the custody of a peace officer, a probation officer, the Texas Youth Council, or a detention facility for children, or is voluntarily absent from the child's home without the consent of the child's parent or guardian for a substantial length of time or without the intent to return.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor was related to the child within the second degree by consanguinity or affinity, as determined under Chapter 573, Government Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor notified:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person or agency from which the child escaped or a law enforcement agency of the presence of the child within 24 hours after discovering that the child had escaped from custody; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a law enforcement agency or a person at the child's home of the presence of the child within 24 hours after discovering that the child was voluntarily absent from home without the consent of the child's parent or guardian.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.06/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>On the receipt of a report from a peace officer, probation officer, the Texas Youth Council, a foster home, or a detention facility for children that a child has escaped its custody or upon receipt of a report from a parent, guardian, conservator, or legal custodian that a child is missing, a law enforcement agency shall immediately enter a record of the child into the National Crime Information Center.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1155, ch. 558, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1979. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4750, ch. 831, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 561, Sec. 40, eff. Aug. 26, 1991. Renumbered from Sec. 25.07 by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 5.95(27), eff. Sept. 1, 1995.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07"> <num value="25.07">Sec. 25.07.</num> <heading>VIOLATION OF CERTAIN COURT ORDERS OR CONDITIONS OF BOND IN A FAMILY VIOLENCE, CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT, SEXUAL ASSAULT OR ABUSE, INDECENT ASSAULT, STALKING, OR TRAFFICKING CASE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, in violation of a condition of bond set in a family violence, sexual assault or abuse, indecent assault, stalking, or trafficking case and related to the safety of a victim or the safety of the community, an order issued under Subchapter A, Chapter 7B, Code of Criminal Procedure, an order issued under Article 17.292, Code of Criminal Procedure, an order issued under Section 6.504, Family Code, Chapter 83, Family Code, if the temporary ex parte order has been served on the person, Chapter 85, Family Code, or Subchapter F, Chapter 261, Family Code, or an order issued by another jurisdiction as provided by Chapter 88, Family Code, the person knowingly or intentionally:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>commits family violence or an act in furtherance of an offense under Section 20A.02, 22.011, 22.012, 22.021, or 42.072;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>communicates:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>directly with a protected individual or a member of the family or household in a threatening or harassing manner;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a threat through any person to a protected individual or a member of the family or household; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>in any manner with the protected individual or a member of the family or household except through the person's attorney or a person appointed by the court, if the violation is of an order described by this subsection and the order prohibits any communication with a protected individual or a member of the family or household;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>goes to or near any of the following places as specifically described in the order or condition of bond:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the residence or place of employment or business of a protected individual or a member of the family or household; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>any child care facility, residence, or school where a child protected by the order or condition of bond normally resides or attends;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>possesses a firearm;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>harms, threatens, or interferes with the care, custody, or control of a pet, companion animal, or assistance animal that is possessed by a person protected by the order or condition of bond;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>removes, attempts to remove, or otherwise tampers with the normal functioning of a global positioning monitoring system; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>tracks or monitors personal property or a motor vehicle in the possession of a protected individual or of a member of the family or household of a protected individual, without the individual's effective consent, including by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>using a tracking application on a personal electronic device in the possession of the protected individual or the family or household member or using a tracking device; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>physically following the protected individual or family or household member or causing another to physically follow the individual or member.</content> <continuation>(a-1) For purposes of Subsection (a)(5), possession of a pet, companion animal, or assistance animal by a person means:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>actual care, custody, control, or management of a pet, companion animal, or assistance animal by the person; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>constructive possession of a pet, companion animal, or assistance animal owned by the person or for which the person has been the primary caregiver.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For the purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Family violence," " family," "household," and "member of a household" have the meanings assigned by Chapter 71, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Firearm" has the meaning assigned by Chapter 46.</content> <continuation>(2-a) "Global positioning monitoring system" has the meaning assigned by Article 17.49, Code of Criminal Procedure.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Assistance animal" has the meaning assigned by Section 121.002, Human Resources Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Sexual abuse" means any act as described by Section 21.02 or 21.11.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Sexual assault" means any act as described by Section 22.011 or 22.021.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Stalking" means any conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 42.072.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Trafficking" means any conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 20A.02.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Indecent assault" means any conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 22.012.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or under both sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Reconciliatory actions or agreements made by persons affected by an order do not affect the validity of the order or the duty of a peace officer to enforce this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A peace officer investigating conduct that may constitute an offense under this section for a violation of an order may not arrest a person protected by that order for a violation of that order.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that certain information has been excluded, as provided by Section 85.007, Family Code, or Article 17.292, Code of Criminal Procedure, from an order to which this section applies.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>subject to Subdivision (2), a state jail felony if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>it is shown at the trial of the offense that the defendant violated an order issued under Subchapter A, Chapter 7B, Code of Criminal Procedure, following the defendant's conviction of or placement on deferred adjudication community supervision for an offense, if the order was issued with respect to a victim of that offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the defendant violates an order or a condition of bond in the manner described by Subsection (a)(1), (2), (3), (5), (6), or (7) while possessing a deadly weapon; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>has previously been convicted two or more times of an offense under this section or two or more times of an offense under Section 25.072, or has previously been convicted of an offense under this section and an offense under Section 25.072; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>has violated the order or the condition of bond by committing an assault or the offense of stalking.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.07/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (g), a conviction under the laws of another state for an offense containing elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense under this section or Section 25.072 is considered to be a conviction under this section or Section 25.072, as applicable.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4049, ch. 631, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 583, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 170, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 677, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 614, Sec. 23 to 26, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 739, Sec. 4 to 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 366, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991. Renumbered from Sec. 25.08 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 658, Sec. 2, 3, eff. June 14, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 660, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 1024, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1, Sec. 2, eff. Jan. 28, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1193, Sec. 21, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(c), eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 23, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 134, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 66 (S.B. 584), Sec. 2, eff. May 11, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1113 (H.B. 3692), Sec. 1, eff. January 1, 2008. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 19.001, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 136 (S.B. 279), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 96 (S.B. 743), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 543 (S.B. 555), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 760 (S.B. 893), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 760 (S.B. 893), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1086 (H.B. 2645), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1086 (H.B. 2645), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1133 (S.B. 147), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1133 (S.B. 147), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 317 (H.B. 7), Sec. 69, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 469 (H.B. 4173), Sec. 2.58, eff. January 1, 2021. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 955 (S.B. 194), Sec. 11(b), eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 955 (S.B. 194), Sec. 11(c), eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 955 (S.B. 194), Sec. 13, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1066 (H.B. 1343), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 787 (H.B. 39), Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 839 (H.B. 2715), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 577 (H.B. 2073), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071"> <num value="25.071">Sec. 25.071.</num> <heading>VIOLATION OF PROTECTIVE ORDER PREVENTING OFFENSE CAUSED BY BIAS OR PREJUDICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, in violation of an order issued under Subchapter C, Chapter 7B, Code of Criminal Procedure, the person knowingly or intentionally:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>commits an offense under Title 5 or Section 28.02, 28.03, or 28.08 and commits the offense because of bias or prejudice as described by Article 42.014, Code of Criminal Procedure;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>communicates:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>directly with a protected individual in a threatening or harassing manner;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a threat through any person to a protected individual; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>in any manner with the protected individual, if the order prohibits any communication with a protected individual; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>goes to or near the residence or place of employment or business of a protected individual.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or under both sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A peace officer investigating conduct that may constitute an offense under this section for a violation of an order may not arrest a person protected by that order for a violation of that order.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.071/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor unless it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has previously been convicted under this section two or more times or has violated the protective order by committing an assault, in which event the offense is a third degree felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 85, Sec. 3.02, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 469 (H.B. 4173), Sec. 2.59, eff. January 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.072"> <num value="25.072">Sec. 25.072.</num> <heading>REPEATED VIOLATION OF CERTAIN COURT ORDERS OR CONDITIONS OF BOND IN FAMILY VIOLENCE, CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT, SEXUAL ASSAULT OR ABUSE, INDECENT ASSAULT, STALKING, OR TRAFFICKING CASE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.072/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, during a period that is 12 months or less in duration, the person two or more times engages in conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 25.07.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.072/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If the jury is the trier of fact, members of the jury must agree unanimously that the defendant, during a period that is 12 months or less in duration, two or more times engaged in conduct that constituted an offense under Section 25.07.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.072/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>A defendant may not be convicted in the same criminal action of another offense an element of which is any conduct that is alleged as an element of the offense under Subsection (a) unless the other offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.072/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is charged in the alternative;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.072/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>occurred outside the period in which the offense alleged under Subsection (a) was committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.072/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is considered by the trier of fact to be a lesser included offense of the offense alleged under Subsection (a).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.072/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A defendant may not be charged with more than one count under Subsection (a) if all of the specific conduct that is alleged to have been engaged in is alleged to have been committed in violation of a single court order or single setting of bond.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.072/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except the offense is a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that at least one time the person engaged in conduct that was punishable as a state jail felony under Section 25.07(g)(1)(B).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 96 (S.B. 743), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 955 (S.B. 194), Sec. 11(d), eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 577 (H.B. 2073), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.08"> <num value="25.08">Sec. 25.08.</num> <heading>SALE OR PURCHASE OF CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>possesses a child younger than 18 years of age or has the custody, conservatorship, or guardianship of a child younger than 18 years of age, whether or not he has actual possession of the child, and he offers to accept, agrees to accept, or accepts a thing of value for the delivery of the child to another or for the possession of the child by another for purposes of adoption; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>offers to give, agrees to give, or gives a thing of value to another for acquiring or maintaining the possession of a child for the purpose of adoption.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>It is an exception to the application of this section that the thing of value is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a fee or reimbursement paid to a child-placing agency as authorized by law;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a fee paid to an attorney, social worker, mental health professional, or physician for services rendered in the usual course of legal or medical practice or in providing adoption counseling;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.08/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a reimbursement of legal or medical expenses incurred by a person for the benefit of the child; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.08/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a necessary pregnancy-related expense paid by a child-placing agency for the benefit of the child's parent during the pregnancy or after the birth of the child as permitted by the minimum standards for child-placing agencies and Department of Protective and Regulatory Services rules.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.08/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if the actor commits the offense with intent to commit an offense under Section 20A.02, 43.021, 43.05, or 43.25.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 81, ch. 38, Sec. 1, eff. March 30, 1977. Amended by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2211, ch. 514, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981. Renumbered from Sec. 25.06 by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, Sec. 5.01(a)(44). Renumbered from Sec. 25.11 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 134, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1005, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 515 (H.B. 2014), Sec. 4.01, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 52, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081"> <num value="25.081">Sec. 25.081.</num> <heading>UNREGULATED CUSTODY TRANSFER OF ADOPTED CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Adopted child" means a person younger than 18 years of age who was legally adopted through a governmental entity or through private means, including a person who is in foster care or from a foreign country at the time of the adoption.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Unregulated custody transfer" means the transfer of the permanent physical custody of an adopted child by the parent, managing conservator, or guardian of the child without receiving approval of the transfer by a court as required by Section 162.026, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Except as otherwise provided by this section, a person commits an offense if the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>conducts an unregulated custody transfer of an adopted child; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>facilitates or participates in the unregulated custody transfer of an adopted child, including by transferring, recruiting, harboring, transporting, providing, soliciting, or obtaining an adopted child for that purpose.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if the actor commits the offense with intent to commit an offense under Section 20A.02, 43.021, 43.05, 43.25, 43.251, or 43.26.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>This section does not apply to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the placement of an adopted child with a licensed child-placing agency, the Department of Family and Protective Services, or an adult relative, stepparent, or other adult with a significant and long-standing relationship to the child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the placement of an adopted child by a licensed child-placing agency or the Department of Family and Protective Services;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>the temporary placement of an adopted child by the child's parent, managing conservator, or guardian for a designated short-term period with a specified intent and period for return of the child due to temporary circumstances, including:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a vacation;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a school-sponsored function or activity; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the incarceration, military service, medical treatment, or incapacity of the parent, managing conservator, or guardian;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the placement of an adopted child in another state in accordance with the requirements of Subchapter B, Chapter 162, Family Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.081/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>the voluntary delivery of an adopted child under Subchapter D, Chapter 262, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 985 (H.B. 834), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017. Amended by: Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 53, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.09"> <num value="25.09">Sec. 25.09.</num> <heading>ADVERTISING FOR PLACEMENT OF CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person advertises in the public media that the person will place, provide, or obtain a child for adoption or any other form of permanent physical custody of the child.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>This section does not apply to a licensed child-placing agency that is identified in the advertisement as a licensed child-placing agency.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.09/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor unless the person has been convicted previously under this section, in which event the offense is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.09/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" has the meaning assigned by Section 101.003, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Public media" has the meaning assigned by Section 38.01. The term also includes communications through the use of the Internet or another public computer network.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 561, Sec. 31, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 985 (H.B. 834), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.10"> <num value="25.10">Sec. 25.10.</num> <heading>INTERFERENCE WITH RIGHTS OF GUARDIAN OF THE PERSON</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.10/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Possessory right" means the right of a guardian of the person to have physical possession of a ward and to establish the ward's legal domicile, as provided by Section 1151.051(c)(1), Estates Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Ward" has the meaning assigned by Chapter 1002, Estates Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.10/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person takes, retains, or conceals a ward when the person knows that the person's taking, retention, or concealment interferes with a possessory right with respect to the ward.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.10/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.10/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>This section does not apply to a governmental entity where the taking, retention, or concealment of the ward was authorized by Subtitle E, Title 5, Family Code, or Chapter 48, Human Resources Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 549, Sec. 32, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 22.056, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.11"> <num value="25.11">Sec. 25.11.</num> <heading>CONTINUOUS VIOLENCE AGAINST THE FAMILY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, during a period that is 12 months or less in duration, the person two or more times engages in conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 22.01(a)(1) against another person or persons whose relationship to or association with the defendant is described by Section 71.0021(b), 71.003, or 71.005, Family Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If the jury is the trier of fact, members of the jury are not required to agree unanimously on the specific conduct in which the defendant engaged that constituted an offense under Section 22.01(a)(1) against the person or persons described by Subsection (a), the exact date when that conduct occurred, or the county in which each instance of the conduct occurred. The jury must agree unanimously that the defendant, during a period that is 12 months or less in duration, two or more times engaged in conduct that constituted an offense under Section 22.01(a)(1) against the person or persons described by Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.11/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>A defendant may not be convicted in the same criminal action of another offense the victim of which is an alleged victim of the offense under Subsection (a) and an element of which is any conduct that is alleged as an element of the offense under Subsection (a) unless the other offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is charged in the alternative;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>occurred outside the period in which the offense alleged under Subsection (a) was committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.11/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is considered by the trier of fact to be a lesser included offense of the offense alleged under Subsection (a).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.11/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A defendant may not be charged with more than one count under Subsection (a) if all of the specific conduct that is alleged to have been engaged in is alleged to have been committed against a single victim or members of the same household, as defined by Section 71.005, Family Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t6/c25/s25.11/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 665 (H.B. 2240), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1360 (H.B. 1661), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <num value="7">TITLE 7.</num> <heading>OFFENSES AGAINST PROPERTY</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28"> <num value="28">CHAPTER 28.</num> <heading>ARSON, CRIMINAL MISCHIEF, AND OTHER PROPERTY DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01"> <num value="28.01">Sec. 28.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Habitation" means a structure or vehicle that is adapted for the overnight accommodation of persons and includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>each separately secured or occupied portion of the structure or vehicle; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>each structure appurtenant to or connected with the structure or vehicle.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Building" means any structure or enclosure intended for use or occupation as a habitation or for some purpose of trade, manufacture, ornament, or use.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Property" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>real property;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>tangible or intangible personal property, including anything severed from land; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a document, including money, that represents or embodies anything of value.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Vehicle" includes any device in, on, or by which any person or property is or may be propelled, moved, or drawn in the normal course of commerce or transportation.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Open-space land" means real property that is undeveloped for the purpose of human habitation.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Controlled burning" means the burning of unwanted vegetation with the consent of the owner of the property on which the vegetation is located and in such a manner that the fire is controlled and limited to a designated area.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1216, ch. 588, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 31, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02"> <num value="28.02">Sec. 28.02.</num> <heading>ARSON</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person starts a fire, regardless of whether the fire continues after ignition, or causes an explosion with intent to destroy or damage:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any vegetation, fence, or structure on open-space land; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>any building, habitation, or vehicle:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>knowing that it is within the limits of an incorporated city or town;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>knowing that it is insured against damage or destruction;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>knowing that it is subject to a mortgage or other security interest;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>knowing that it is located on property belonging to another;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>knowing that it has located within it property belonging to another; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>when the person is reckless about whether the burning or explosion will endanger the life of some individual or the safety of the property of another.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person commits an offense if the person recklessly starts a fire or causes an explosion while manufacturing or attempting to manufacture a controlled substance and the fire or explosion damages any building, habitation, or vehicle.</continuation> <continuation>(a-2) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally starts a fire or causes an explosion and in so doing:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>recklessly damages or destroys a building belonging to another; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>recklessly causes another person to suffer bodily injury or death.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a)(1) that the fire or explosion was a part of the controlled burning of open-space land.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2)(A) that prior to starting the fire or causing the explosion, the actor obtained a permit or other written authorization granted in accordance with a city ordinance, if any, regulating fires and explosions.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a) is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>bodily injury or death was suffered by any person by reason of the commission of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the property intended to be damaged or destroyed by the actor was a habitation or a place of assembly or worship.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a-1) is a state jail felony, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that bodily injury or death was suffered by any person by reason of the commission of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a-2) is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.02/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under Subsection (a-1) or that constitutes an offense under Subsection (a-2) also constitutes an offense under another subsection of this section or another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under Subsection (a-1) or Subsection (a-2), under the other subsection of this section, or under the other section of this code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1216, ch. 588, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 1837, ch. 425, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 31, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1006, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 976, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 960 (H.B. 1634), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1168 (H.B. 3224), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03"> <num value="28.03">Sec. 28.03.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL MISCHIEF</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, without the effective consent of the owner:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>he intentionally or knowingly damages or destroys the tangible property of the owner;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>he intentionally or knowingly tampers with the tangible property of the owner and causes pecuniary loss or substantial inconvenience to the owner or a third person; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>he intentionally or knowingly makes markings, including inscriptions, slogans, drawings, or paintings, on the tangible property of the owner.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsections (f) and (h), an offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>a Class C misdemeanor if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the amount of pecuniary loss is less than $100; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>except as provided in Subdivision (3)(A) or (3)(B), it causes substantial inconvenience to others;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the amount of pecuniary loss is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a Class A misdemeanor if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the amount of pecuniary loss is $750 or more but less than $2,500; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the actor causes in whole or in part impairment or interruption of any public water supply, or causes to be diverted in whole, in part, or in any manner, including installation or removal of any device for any such purpose, any public water supply, regardless of the amount of the pecuniary loss;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>a state jail felony if the amount of pecuniary loss is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>$2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>except as provided in Subdivision (6)(B), less than $2,500, if the property damaged or destroyed is a habitation and if the damage or destruction is caused by a firearm or explosive weapon;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>less than $2,500, if the property was a fence used for the production or containment of:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>cattle, bison, horses, sheep, swine, goats, exotic livestock, or exotic poultry; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>game animals as that term is defined by Section 63.001, Parks and Wildlife Code;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>less than $30,000 and the actor:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes wholly or partly impairment or interruption of property used for flood control purposes or a dam or of public communications, public transportation, public gas supply, or other public service; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>causes to be diverted wholly, partly, or in any manner, including installation or removal of any device for any such purpose, any public communications or public gas supply; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>less than $30,000, if the property is a motor vehicle that is damaged, destroyed, or tampered with during the removal or attempted removal of a catalytic converter from the motor vehicle;</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the amount of the pecuniary loss is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the actor, by discharging a firearm or other weapon or by any other means, causes the death of one or more head of cattle or bison or one or more horses;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the actor causes wholly or partly impairment or interruption of access to an automated teller machine, regardless of the amount of the pecuniary loss; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the amount of pecuniary loss is less than $150,000 and the actor:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>causes wholly or partly impairment or interruption of property used for public power supply; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>causes to be diverted wholly, partly, or in any manner, including installation or removal of any device for any such purpose, any public power supply;</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree if the amount of pecuniary loss is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>$150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>$1,000 or more but less than $300,000, if:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the property damaged or destroyed is a habitation; and</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense in the course of committing an offense under Section 30.05; or</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the amount of pecuniary loss is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>For the purposes of this section, it shall be presumed that a person who is receiving the economic benefit of public communications, public water, gas, or power supply, has knowingly tampered with the tangible property of the owner if the communication or supply has been:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>diverted from passing through a metering device; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>prevented from being correctly registered by a metering device; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>activated by any device installed to obtain public communications, public water, gas, or power supply without a metering device.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>The terms "public communication, public transportation, public gas or power supply, or other public service" and "public water supply" shall mean, refer to, and include any such services subject to regulation by the Public Utility Commission of Texas, the Railroad Commission of Texas, or the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality or any such services enfranchised by the State of Texas or any political subdivision thereof.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>When more than one item of tangible property, belonging to one or more owners, is damaged, destroyed, or tampered with in violation of this section pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, the conduct may be considered as one offense, and the amounts of pecuniary loss to property resulting from the damage to, destruction of, or tampering with the property may be aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony if the damage or destruction is inflicted on a place of worship or human burial, a public monument, or a community center that provides medical, social, or educational programs and the amount of the pecuniary loss to real property or to tangible personal property is $750 or more but less than $30,000.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Explosive weapon" means any explosive or incendiary device that is designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury, death, or substantial property damage, or for the principal purpose of causing such a loud report as to cause undue public alarm or terror, and includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an explosive or incendiary bomb, grenade, rocket, and mine;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a device designed, made, or adapted for delivering or shooting an explosive weapon; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a device designed, made, or adapted to start a fire in a time-delayed manner.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Firearm" has the meaning assigned by Section 46.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Institution of higher education" has the meaning assigned by Section 61.003, Education Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Aluminum wiring" means insulated or noninsulated wire or cable that consists of at least 50 percent aluminum, including any tubing or conduit attached to the wire or cable.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Bronze wiring" means insulated or noninsulated wire or cable that consists of at least 50 percent bronze, including any tubing or conduit attached to the wire or cable.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Copper wiring" means insulated or noninsulated wire or cable that consists of at least 50 percent copper, including any tubing or conduit attached to the wire or cable.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>"Transportation communications equipment" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an official traffic-control device, railroad sign or signal, or traffic-control signal, as those terms are defined by Section 541.304, Transportation Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a sign, signal, or device erected by a railroad, public body, or public officer to direct the movement of a railroad train, as defined by Section 541.202, Transportation Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Transportation communications device" means any item attached to transportation communications equipment, including aluminum wiring, bronze wiring, and copper wiring.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>"Automated teller machine" has the meaning assigned by Section 31.03.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>"Critical infrastructure facility" has the meaning assigned by Section 31.01.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony if the amount of the pecuniary loss to real property or to tangible personal property is $750 or more but less than $30,000 and the damage or destruction is inflicted on a public or private elementary school, secondary school, or institution of higher education.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Subsection (b), an offense under this section is a felony of the first degree if the property is livestock and the damage is caused by introducing bovine spongiform encephalopathy, commonly known as mad cow disease, or a disease listed in rules adopted by the Texas Animal Health Commission under Section 161.041(a), Agriculture Code. In this subsection, "livestock" has the meaning assigned by Section 161.001, Agriculture Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <chapeau>Notwithstanding Subsection (b), an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the tangible property damaged, destroyed, or tampered with is transportation communications equipment or a transportation communications device; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the amount of the pecuniary loss to the tangible property is less than $150,000.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/k"> <num value="k">(k)</num> <chapeau>Subsection (a)(1) or (2) does not apply if the tangible personal property of the owner was a head of cattle or bison killed, or a horse killed, in the course of the actor's:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>actual discharge of official duties as a member of the United States armed forces or the state military forces as defined by Section 437.001, Government Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>regular agricultural labor duties and practices.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/l"> <num value="l">(l)</num> <chapeau>Notwithstanding Subsection (b), an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the actor committed the offense by damaging or destroying:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a copper or brass component of a critical infrastructure facility; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>equipment or communication wires appurtenant to or connected to a copper or brass component of the facility or on which the facility depends to properly function, regardless of whether the equipment or communication wires are enclosed by a fence or other barrier; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the damage or destruction causes, wholly or partly, the impairment or interruption of the facility or the equipment or communication wires.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 66, ch. 29, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 31, 1981; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2917, ch. 497, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 352, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 559, Sec. 1, eff. June 14, 1989; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1253, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 42, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 11.280, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1083, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 686, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 747, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 976, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1280, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 690 (H.B. 1767), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 690 (H.B. 1767), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 638 (H.B. 1614), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 136 (H.B. 1257), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 500 (H.B. 2817), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 369 (S.B. 516), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 369 (S.B. 516), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 849 (S.B. 705), Sec. 36, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 269 (S.B. 224), Sec. 2.01, eff. May 29, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 823 (H.B. 1833), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 319 (S.B. 1646), Sec. 1.01, eff. May 30, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 319 (S.B. 1646), Sec. 1.02, eff. May 30, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 817 (S.B. 1333), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 986 (S.B. 766), Sec. 50, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.04"> <num value="28.04">Sec. 28.04.</num> <heading>RECKLESS DAMAGE OR DESTRUCTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, without the effective consent of the owner, he recklessly damages or destroys property of the owner.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.05"> <num value="28.05">Sec. 28.05.</num> <heading>ACTOR'S INTEREST IN PROPERTY</heading> <content>It is no defense to prosecution under this chapter that the actor has an interest in the property damaged or destroyed if another person also has an interest that the actor is not entitled to infringe.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06"> <num value="28.06">Sec. 28.06.</num> <heading>AMOUNT OF PECUNIARY LOSS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>The amount of pecuniary loss under this chapter, if the property is destroyed, is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the fair market value of the property at the time and place of the destruction; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>if the fair market value of the property cannot be ascertained, the cost of replacing the property within a reasonable time after the destruction.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The amount of pecuniary loss under this chapter, if the property is damaged, is the cost of repairing or restoring the damaged property within a reasonable time after the damage occurred.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>The amount of pecuniary loss under this chapter for documents, other than those having a readily ascertainable market value, is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the amount due and collectible at maturity less any part that has been satisfied, if the document constitutes evidence of a debt; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the greatest amount of economic loss that the owner might reasonably suffer by virtue of the destruction or damage if the document is other than evidence of a debt.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If the amount of pecuniary loss cannot be ascertained by the criteria set forth in Subsections (a) through (c), the amount of loss is deemed to be greater than $750 but less than $2,500.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>If the actor proves by a preponderance of the evidence that he gave consideration for or had a legal interest in the property involved, the value of the interest so proven shall be deducted from:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the amount of pecuniary loss if the property is destroyed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the amount of pecuniary loss to the extent of an amount equal to the ratio the value of the interest bears to the total value of the property, if the property is damaged.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2918, ch. 497, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07"> <num value="28.07">Sec. 28.07.</num> <heading>INTERFERENCE WITH RAILROAD PROPERTY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Railroad property" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a train, locomotive, railroad car, caboose, work equipment, rolling stock, safety device, switch, or connection that is owned, leased, operated, or possessed by a railroad; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a railroad track, rail, bridge, trestle, or right-of-way owned or used by a railroad.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Tamper" means to move, alter, or interfere with railroad property.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>throws an object or discharges a firearm or weapon at a train or rail-mounted work equipment; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>without the effective consent of the owner:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>enters or remains on railroad property, knowing that it is railroad property;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>tampers with railroad property;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>places an obstruction on a railroad track or right-of-way; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>causes in any manner the derailment of a train, railroad car, or other railroad property that moves on tracks.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b)(1) is a Class B misdemeanor unless the person causes bodily injury to another, in which event the offense is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b)(2)(A) is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (b)(2)(B), (b)(2)(C), or (b)(2)(D) is a Class C misdemeanor unless the person causes pecuniary loss of $100 or more, in which event the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the amount of pecuniary loss is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the amount of pecuniary loss is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the amount of pecuniary loss is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the amount of the pecuniary loss is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the amount of pecuniary loss is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the amount of the pecuniary loss is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.07/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>The conduct described in Subsection (b)(2)(A) is not an offense under this section if it is undertaken by an employee of the railroad or by a representative of a labor organization which represents or is seeking to represent the employees of the railroad as long as the employee or representative has a right to engage in such conduct under the Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. Section 151 et seq.).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 908, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08"> <num value="28.08">Sec. 28.08.</num> <heading>GRAFFITI</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, without the effective consent of the owner, the person intentionally or knowingly makes markings, including inscriptions, slogans, drawings, or paintings, on the tangible property of the owner with:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>paint;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an indelible marker; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>an etching or engraving device.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the amount of pecuniary loss is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the amount of pecuniary loss is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the amount of pecuniary loss is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the amount of pecuniary loss is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the amount of pecuniary loss is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the amount of pecuniary loss is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the amount of pecuniary loss is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>When more than one item of tangible property, belonging to one or more owners, is marked in violation of this section pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, the conduct may be considered as one offense, and the amounts of pecuniary loss to property resulting from the marking of the property may be aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a state jail felony if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the marking is made on a school, an institution of higher education, a place of worship or human burial, a public monument, or a community center that provides medical, social, or educational programs; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the amount of the pecuniary loss to real property or to tangible personal property is $750 or more but less than $30,000.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Aerosol paint" means an aerosolized paint product.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Etching or engraving device" means a device that makes a delineation or impression on tangible property, regardless of the manufacturer's intended use for that device.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Indelible marker" means a device that makes a mark with a paint or ink product that is specifically formulated to be more difficult to erase, wash out, or remove than ordinary paint or ink products.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Institution of higher education" has the meaning assigned by Section 481.134, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.08/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"School" means a private or public elementary or secondary school.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 593, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 166, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 695, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 16.001, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 639 (H.B. 1633), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09"> <num value="28.09">Sec. 28.09.</num> <heading>DAMAGING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Critical infrastructure facility" means an electrical power generating facility, substation, switching station, electrical control center, or electrical transmission or distribution facility.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Cyber attack" means an attempt to damage, disrupt, or gain unauthorized access to a computer, computer network, or computer system.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Drone" has the meaning assigned by Article 2B.0253, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Explosive weapon" has the meaning assigned by Section 28.03.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>"Extended power outage" means a power outage:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>lasting for two hours or more; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>affecting 1,000 or more meters used to measure electric energy consumption by retail customers.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Firearm" has the meaning assigned by Section 46.01.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, without the effective consent of the owner or operator of a critical infrastructure facility, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly damages, destroys, vandalizes, or impairs the function of any critical infrastructure facility; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>as a result of the conduct described by Subdivision (1), causes an extended power outage.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the amount of pecuniary damage to the critical infrastructure facility is $100,000 or more; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor uses a firearm, drone, cyber attack, or explosive weapon in the commission of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.09/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1146 (S.B. 947), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 204 (H.B. 1620), Sec. 17.002, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c28/s28.10"> <num value="28.10">Sec. 28.10.</num> <heading>ENHANCED PENALTY FOR CERTAIN MISDEMEANORS OR STATE JAIL FELONIES</heading> <content>The punishment for an offense under this chapter that is punishable as a misdemeanor or a state jail felony is increased to the punishment for a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense in the course of committing an offense under Section 20.05(a)(2).</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 7, eff. February 6, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29"> <num value="29">CHAPTER 29.</num> <heading>ROBBERY</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.01"> <num value="29.01">Sec. 29.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"In the course of committing theft" means conduct that occurs in an attempt to commit, during the commission, or in immediate flight after the attempt or commission of theft.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Property" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>tangible or intangible personal property including anything severed from land; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a document, including money, that represents or embodies anything of value.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.02"> <num value="29.02">Sec. 29.02.</num> <heading>ROBBERY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, in the course of committing theft as defined in Chapter 31 and with intent to obtain or maintain control of the property, he:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes bodily injury to another; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly threatens or places another in fear of imminent bodily injury or death.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.03"> <num value="29.03">Sec. 29.03.</num> <heading>AGGRAVATED ROBBERY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he commits robbery as defined in Section 29.02, and he:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>causes serious bodily injury to another;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>uses or exhibits a deadly weapon; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>causes bodily injury to another person or threatens or places another person in fear of imminent bodily injury or death, if the other person is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>65 years of age or older; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a disabled person.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>In this section, "disabled person" means an individual with a mental, physical, or developmental disability who is substantially unable to protect himself from harm.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 357, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.04"> <num value="29.04">Sec. 29.04.</num> <heading>JUGGING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to commit theft of another person's money, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>knowingly travels from a commercial business or financial institution, as defined by Section 201.101, Finance Code, on the same path or route as another person without substantially deviating from that path or route; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is in possession of two or more criminal instruments, as defined by Section 16.01.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a state jail felony, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if, during the commission of the offense, the actor commits an offense under Section 30.04; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if, during the commission of the offense, the actor commits an offense under Section 29.02.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c29/s29.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or under both sections.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 394 (H.B. 1902), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30"> <num value="30">CHAPTER 30.</num> <heading>BURGLARY AND CRIMINAL TRESPASS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.01"> <num value="30.01">Sec. 30.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Habitation" means a structure or vehicle that is adapted for the overnight accommodation of persons, and includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>each separately secured or occupied portion of the structure or vehicle; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>each structure appurtenant to or connected with the structure or vehicle.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Building" means any enclosed structure intended for use or occupation as a habitation or for some purpose of trade, manufacture, ornament, or use.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Vehicle" includes any device in, on, or by which any person or property is or may be propelled, moved, or drawn in the normal course of commerce or transportation, except such devices as are classified as "habitation."</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Controlled substance" has the meaning assigned by Section 481.002, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Wholesale distributor of prescription drugs" means a wholesale distributor, as defined by Section 431.401, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 338 (H.B. 1178), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02"> <num value="30.02">Sec. 30.02.</num> <heading>BURGLARY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, without the effective consent of the owner, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>enters a habitation, or a building (or any portion of a building) not then open to the public, with intent to commit a felony, theft, or an assault; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>remains concealed, with intent to commit a felony, theft, or an assault, in a building or habitation; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>enters a building or habitation and commits or attempts to commit a felony, theft, or an assault.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section, "enter" means to intrude:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any part of the body; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>any physical object connected with the body.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided in Subsection (c-1), (c-2), or (d), an offense under this section is a:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>state jail felony if committed in a building other than a habitation; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>felony of the second degree if committed in a habitation.</content> <continuation>(c-1) An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the premises are a commercial building in which a controlled substance is generally stored, including a pharmacy, clinic, hospital, nursing facility, or warehouse; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person entered or remained concealed in that building with intent to commit a theft of a controlled substance.</content> <continuation>(c-2) An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the premises are a building other than a habitation; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense in the course of committing an offense under Section 20.05(a)(2).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the premises are a habitation; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>any party to the offense entered the habitation with intent to commit a felony other than felony theft or committed or attempted to commit a felony other than felony theft.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 727, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 338 (H.B. 1178), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 8, eff. February 6, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.03"> <num value="30.03">Sec. 30.03.</num> <heading>BURGLARY OF COIN-OPERATED OR COIN COLLECTION MACHINES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, without the effective consent of the owner, he breaks or enters into any coin-operated machine, coin collection machine, or other coin-operated or coin collection receptacle, contrivance, apparatus, or equipment used for the purpose of providing lawful amusement, sales of goods, services, or other valuable things, or telecommunications with intent to obtain property or services.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "entry" includes every kind of entry except one made with the effective consent of the owner.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04"> <num value="30.04">Sec. 30.04.</num> <heading>BURGLARY OF VEHICLES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, without the effective consent of the owner, he breaks into or enters a vehicle or any part of a vehicle with intent to commit any felony or theft.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section, "enter" means to intrude:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any part of the body; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>any physical object connected with the body.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, a container or trailer carried on a rail car is a part of the rail car.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the offense is a Class A misdemeanor with a minimum term of confinement of six months if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this section;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the offense is a state jail felony if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted two or more times of an offense under this section; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the vehicle or part of the vehicle broken into or entered is a rail car; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>the offense is a felony of the third degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the vehicle broken into or entered is owned or operated by a wholesale distributor of prescription drugs and the actor breaks into or enters that vehicle with the intent to commit theft of a controlled substance; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense in the course of committing an offense under Section 20.05(a)(2).</content> <continuation>(d-1) For the purposes of Subsection (d), a defendant has been previously convicted under this section if the defendant was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred adjudication, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and the defendant was subsequently discharged from community supervision.</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.04/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor entered a rail car or any part of a rail car and was at that time an employee or a representative of employees exercising a right under the Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. Section 151 et seq.).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 916, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 308 (H.B. 1887), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 338 (H.B. 1178), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 9, eff. February 6, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05"> <num value="30.05">Sec. 30.05.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL TRESPASS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person enters or remains on or in property of another, including residential land, agricultural land, a recreational vehicle park, a building, a general residential operation operating as a residential treatment center, or an aircraft or other vehicle, without effective consent and the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>had notice that the entry was forbidden; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>received notice to depart but failed to do so.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Entry" means the intrusion of the entire body.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Notice" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>oral or written communication by the owner or someone with apparent authority to act for the owner;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>fencing or other enclosure obviously designed to exclude intruders or to contain livestock;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a sign or signs posted on the property or at the entrance to the building, reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders, indicating that entry is forbidden;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the placement of identifying purple paint marks on trees or posts on the property, provided that the marks are:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>vertical lines of not less than eight inches in length and not less than one inch in width;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>placed so that the bottom of the mark is not less than three feet from the ground or more than five feet from the ground; and</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>placed at locations that are readily visible to any person approaching the property and no more than:</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>100 feet apart on forest land; or</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>1,000 feet apart on land other than forest land; or</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>the visible presence on the property of a crop grown for human consumption that is under cultivation, in the process of being harvested, or marketable if harvested at the time of entry.</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Shelter center" has the meaning assigned by Section 51.002, Human Resources Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Forest land" means land on which the trees are potentially valuable for timber products.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Agricultural land" has the meaning assigned by Section 75.001, Civil Practice and Remedies Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>"Superfund site" means a facility that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is on the National Priorities List established under Section 105 of the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. Section 9605); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is listed on the state registry established under Section 361.181, Health and Safety Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>"Critical infrastructure facility" means one of the following, if completely enclosed by a fence or other physical barrier that is obviously designed to exclude intruders:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a chemical manufacturing facility;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a refinery;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>an electrical power generating facility, substation, switching station, electrical control center, or electrical transmission or distribution facility;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a water intake structure, water treatment facility, wastewater treatment plant, or pump station;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a natural gas transmission compressor station;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>a liquid natural gas terminal or storage facility;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>a telecommunications central switching office;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/H"> <num value="H">(H)</num> <content>a port, railroad switching yard, trucking terminal, or other freight transportation facility;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/I"> <num value="I">(I)</num> <content>a gas processing plant, including a plant used in the processing, treatment, or fractionation of natural gas; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/J"> <num value="J">(J)</num> <content>a transmission facility used by a federally licensed radio or television station.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Protected freshwater area" has the meaning assigned by Section 90.001, Parks and Wildlife Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <chapeau>"Recognized state" means another state with which the attorney general of this state, with the approval of the governor of this state, negotiated an agreement after determining that the other state:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>has firearm proficiency requirements for peace officers; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>fully recognizes the right of peace officers commissioned in this state to carry weapons in the other state.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>"Recreational vehicle park" has the meaning assigned by Section 13.087, Water Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>"Residential land" means real property improved by a dwelling and zoned for or otherwise authorized for single-family or multifamily use.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <content>"Institution of higher education" has the meaning assigned by Section 61.003, Education Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/13"> <num value="13">(13)</num> <content>"General residential operation" has the meaning assigned by Section 42.002, Human Resources Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>A person may provide notice that firearms are prohibited on the property by posting a sign at each entrance to the property that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>includes language that is identical to or substantially similar to the following: "Pursuant to Section 30.05, Penal Code (criminal trespass), a person may not enter this property with a firearm";</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>includes the language described by Subdivision (1) in both English and Spanish;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>appears in contrasting colors with block letters at least one inch in height; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>is displayed in a conspicuous manner clearly visible to the public.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>Subject to Subsection (d-3), an offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor, except as provided by Subdivisions (2), (3), and (4);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a Class C misdemeanor, except as provided by Subdivisions (3) and (4), if the offense is committed:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>on agricultural land and within 100 feet of the boundary of the land; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>on residential land and within 100 feet of a protected freshwater area;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a Class A misdemeanor, except as provided by Subdivision (4), if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the offense is committed:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>in a habitation or a shelter center;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>on a Superfund site; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>on or in a critical infrastructure facility;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the offense is committed on or in property of an institution of higher education and it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has previously been convicted of:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>an offense under this section relating to entering or remaining on or in property of an institution of higher education; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>an offense under Section 51.204(b)(1), Education Code, relating to trespassing on the grounds of an institution of higher education;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the person carries a deadly weapon during the commission of the offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the offense is committed on the property of or within a general residential operation operating as a residential treatment center; and</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant committed the offense in the course of committing an offense under Section 20.05(a)(2).</content> <continuation>(d-1) For the purposes of Subsection (d)(3)(B), a person has previously been convicted of an offense described by that paragraph if the person was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred adjudication community supervision, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and the person was subsequently discharged from deferred adjudication community supervision.</continuation> <continuation>(d-2) At the punishment stage of a trial in which the attorney representing the state seeks the increase in punishment provided by Subsection (d)(3)(B), the defendant may raise the issue as to whether, at the time of the instant offense or the previous offense, the defendant was engaging in speech or expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution or Section 8, Article I, Texas Constitution. If the defendant proves the issue in the affirmative by a preponderance of the evidence, the increase in punishment provided by Subsection (d)(3)(B) does not apply.</continuation> <continuation>(d-3) An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed $200 if the person enters the property, land, or building with a firearm or other weapon and the sole basis on which entry on the property or land or in the building was forbidden is that entry with a firearm or other weapon was forbidden, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that, after entering the property, land, or building with the firearm or other weapon, the actor:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>personally received from the owner of the property or another person with apparent authority to act for the owner notice that entry with a firearm or other weapon was forbidden, as given through:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>notice under Subsection (b)(2)(A), including oral or written communication; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>if the actor is unable to reasonably understand the notice described by Paragraph (A), other personal notice that is reasonable under the circumstances; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>subsequently failed to depart.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor at the time of the offense was:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a firefighter or emergency medical services personnel, as defined by Section 773.003, Health and Safety Code, acting in the lawful discharge of an official duty under exigent circumstances;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a person who was:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an employee or agent of:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>an electric utility, as defined by Section 31.002, Utilities Code;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>a telecommunications provider, as defined by Section 51.002, Utilities Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>a video service provider or cable service provider, as defined by Section 66.002, Utilities Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>a gas utility, as defined by Section 101.003, Utilities Code, which for the purposes of this subsection includes a municipally owned utility as defined by that section;</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>a gas utility, as defined by Section 121.001, Utilities Code;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/vi"> <num value="vi">(vi)</num> <content>a pipeline used for the transportation or sale of oil, gas, or related products; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/vii"> <num value="vii">(vii)</num> <content>an electric cooperative or municipally owned utility, as defined by Section 11.003, Utilities Code; and</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>performing a duty within the scope of that employment or agency; or</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a person who was:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>employed by or acting as agent for an entity that had, or that the person reasonably believed had, effective consent or authorization provided by law to enter the property; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>performing a duty within the scope of that employment or agency.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the basis on which entry on the property or land or in the building was forbidden is that entry with a handgun was forbidden; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the person was carrying:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a license issued under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, to carry a handgun; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a handgun:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>in a concealed manner; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in a holster.</content> <continuation>(f-1) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the basis on which entry on the property was forbidden is that entry with a firearm or firearm ammunition was forbidden;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the actor is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an owner of an apartment in a condominium regime governed by Chapter 81, Property Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an owner of a condominium unit governed by Chapter 82, Property Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a tenant or guest of an owner described by Paragraph (A) or (B); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a guest of a tenant of an owner described by Paragraph (A) or (B);</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carries or stores a firearm or firearm ammunition in the condominium apartment or unit owner's apartment or unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>carries a firearm or firearm ammunition directly en route to or from the condominium apartment or unit owner's apartment or unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carries a firearm or firearm ammunition directly en route to or from the actor's vehicle located in a parking area provided for residents or guests of the condominium property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>carries or stores a firearm or firearm ammunition in the actor's vehicle located in a parking area provided for residents or guests of the condominium property; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor is not otherwise prohibited by law from possessing a firearm or firearm ammunition.</content> <continuation>(f-2) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the basis on which entry on a leased premises governed by Chapter 92, Property Code, was forbidden is that entry with a firearm or firearm ammunition was forbidden;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor is a tenant of the leased premises or the tenant's guest;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carries or stores a firearm or firearm ammunition in the tenant's rental unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>carries a firearm or firearm ammunition directly en route to or from the tenant's rental unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carries a firearm or firearm ammunition directly en route to or from the actor's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or guests by the landlord of the leased premises; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>carries or stores a firearm or firearm ammunition in the actor's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or guests by the landlord of the leased premises; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor is not otherwise prohibited by law from possessing a firearm or firearm ammunition.</content> <continuation>(f-3) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the basis on which entry on a leased premises governed by Chapter 94, Property Code, was forbidden is that entry with a firearm or firearm ammunition was forbidden;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor is a tenant of a manufactured home lot or the tenant's guest;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carries or stores a firearm or firearm ammunition in the tenant's manufactured home;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>carries a firearm or firearm ammunition directly en route to or from the tenant's manufactured home;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carries a firearm or firearm ammunition directly en route to or from the actor's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or tenants' guests by the landlord of the leased premises; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>carries or stores a firearm or firearm ammunition in the actor's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or tenants' guests by the landlord of the leased premises; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor is not otherwise prohibited by law from possessing a firearm or firearm ammunition.</content> <continuation>(f-4) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the conduct occurred on hotel property, and the basis on which entry on that property was forbidden is that entry with a firearm or firearm ammunition was forbidden;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor is a guest of a hotel, as defined by Section 2155.101, Occupations Code; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carries or stores a firearm or firearm ammunition in the actor's hotel room;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>carries a firearm or firearm ammunition directly en route to or from the hotel or the actor's hotel room;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carries a firearm or firearm ammunition directly en route to or from the actor's vehicle located on the hotel property, including a vehicle in a parking area provided for hotel guests; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>carries or stores a firearm or firearm ammunition in the actor's vehicle located on the hotel property, including a vehicle in a parking area provided for hotel guests.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor entered a railroad switching yard or any part of a railroad switching yard and was at that time an employee or a representative of employees exercising a right under the Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. Section 151 et seq.).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>At the punishment stage of a trial in which the attorney representing the state seeks the increase in punishment provided by Subsection (d)(3)(A)(iii), the defendant may raise the issue as to whether the defendant entered or remained on or in a critical infrastructure facility as part of a peaceful or lawful assembly, including an attempt to exercise rights guaranteed by state or federal labor laws. If the defendant proves the issue in the affirmative by a preponderance of the evidence, the increase in punishment provided by Subsection (d)(3)(A)(iii) does not apply.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>This section does not apply if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the basis on which entry on the property or land or in the building was forbidden is that entry with a handgun or other weapon was forbidden; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor at the time of the offense was a peace officer, including a commissioned peace officer of a recognized state, or a special investigator under Article 2A.002, Code of Criminal Procedure, regardless of whether the peace officer or special investigator was engaged in the actual discharge of an official duty while carrying the weapon.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.05/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1138, Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2009.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1114, ch. 530, Sec. 3, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2385, ch. 596, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 139, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 308, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 24, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1229, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 161, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 169, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 765, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 16.002, 21.001(94), eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1078, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1178, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1276, Sec. 14B.001, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1093 (H.B. 2110), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1337 (S.B. 9), Sec. 20, eff. June 18, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1337 (S.B. 9), Sec. 21, eff. June 18, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 921 (H.B. 3167), Sec. 17.001(61), eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 921 (H.B. 3167), Sec. 17.002(13), eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1138 (H.B. 2609), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1138 (H.B. 2609), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1138 (H.B. 2609), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1138 (H.B. 2609), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 91 (S.B. 1303), Sec. 20.001, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 564 (S.B. 701), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 613 (S.B. 1268), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1302 (H.B. 3142), Sec. 12, eff. June 14, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 437 (H.B. 910), Sec. 40, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 602 (S.B. 1649), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 602 (S.B. 1649), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 39 (H.B. 302), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 481 (H.B. 2112), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 518 (S.B. 550), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 23, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 24, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 25, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 17, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1008 (S.B. 20), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 765 (H.B. 4504), Sec. 2.156, eff. January 1, 2025. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 10, eff. February 6, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06"> <num value="30.06">Sec. 30.06.</num> <heading>TRESPASS BY LICENSE HOLDER WITH A CONCEALED HANDGUN</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A license holder commits an offense if the license holder:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>carries a concealed handgun under the authority of Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, on property of another without effective consent; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>received notice that entry on the property by a license holder with a concealed handgun was forbidden.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, a person receives notice if the owner of the property or someone with apparent authority to act for the owner provides notice to the person by oral or written communication.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Entry" has the meaning assigned by Section 30.05(b).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"License holder" has the meaning assigned by Section 46.03.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Written communication" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a card or other document on which is written language identical to the following: "Pursuant to Section 30.06, Penal Code (trespass by license holder with a concealed handgun), a person licensed under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code (handgun licensing law), may not enter this property with a concealed handgun"; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a sign posted on the property that:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>includes the language described by Paragraph (A) in both English and Spanish;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>appears in contrasting colors with block letters at least one inch in height; and</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>is displayed in a conspicuous manner clearly visible to the public.</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed $200, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that, after entering the property, the license holder was personally given the notice by oral communication described by Subsection (b) and subsequently failed to depart.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section that the property on which the license holder carries a handgun is owned or leased by a governmental entity and is not a premises or other place on which the license holder is prohibited from carrying the handgun under Section 46.03.</content> <continuation>(e-1) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the license holder is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an owner of an apartment in a condominium regime governed by Chapter 81, Property Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an owner of a condominium unit governed by Chapter 82, Property Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a tenant or guest of an owner described by Paragraph (A) or (B); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a guest of a tenant of an owner described by Paragraph (A) or (B); and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the license holder:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the condominium apartment or unit owner's apartment or unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the condominium apartment or unit owner's apartment or unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for residents or guests of the condominium property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for residents or guests of the condominium property.</content> <continuation>(e-2) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the license holder is a tenant of a leased premises governed by Chapter 92, Property Code, or the tenant's guest; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the license holder:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the tenant's rental unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the tenant's rental unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or guests by the landlord of the leased premises; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or guests by the landlord of the leased premises.</content> <continuation>(e-3) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the license holder is a tenant of a manufactured home lot governed by Chapter 94, Property Code, or the tenant's guest; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the license holder:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the tenant's manufactured home;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the tenant's manufactured home;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or tenants' guests by the landlord of the leased premises; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or tenants' guests by the landlord of the leased premises.</content> <continuation>(e-4) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the license holder is a guest of a hotel, as defined by Section 2155.101, Occupations Code, and the license holder:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the license holder's hotel room;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the hotel or the license holder's hotel room;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the license holder's vehicle located on the hotel property, including a vehicle in a parking area provided for hotel guests; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the license holder's vehicle located on the hotel property, including a vehicle in a parking area provided for hotel guests.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the license holder is volunteer emergency services personnel, as defined by Section 46.01.</content> <continuation>(f-1) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the license holder is a first responder, as defined by Section 46.01, who:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>holds an unexpired certificate of completion under Section 411.1883, Government Code, at the time of engaging in the applicable conduct;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was engaged in the actual discharge of the first responder's duties while carrying the handgun; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was employed or supervised by a municipality or county to which Chapter 179, Local Government Code, applies.</content> <continuation>(f-2) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the license holder is a tactical medical professional, as defined by Section 411.1884, Government Code, who:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>holds an unexpired certificate of completion under Section 411.1884, Government Code, at the time of engaging in the applicable conduct; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was engaged in the actual discharge of the tactical medical professional's duties while carrying the handgun.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.06/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the license holder was personally given notice by oral communication described by Subsection (b) and promptly departed from the property.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1261, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 9.24, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1178, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 437 (H.B. 910), Sec. 41, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 437 (H.B. 910), Sec. 42, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 437 (H.B. 910), Sec. 43, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1143 (H.B. 435), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 39 (H.B. 302), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 121), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 18, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 19, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1008 (S.B. 20), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1026 (H.B. 1069), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 768 (H.B. 4595), Sec. 24.002(18), eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1116 (H.B. 4995), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07"> <num value="30.07">Sec. 30.07.</num> <heading>TRESPASS BY LICENSE HOLDER WITH AN OPENLY CARRIED HANDGUN</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A license holder commits an offense if the license holder:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>openly carries a handgun under the authority of Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, on property of another without effective consent; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>received notice that entry on the property by a license holder openly carrying a handgun was forbidden.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, a person receives notice if the owner of the property or someone with apparent authority to act for the owner provides notice to the person by oral or written communication.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Entry" has the meaning assigned by Section 30.05(b).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"License holder" has the meaning assigned by Section 46.03.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Written communication" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a card or other document on which is written language identical to the following: "Pursuant to Section 30.07, Penal Code (trespass by license holder with an openly carried handgun), a person licensed under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code (handgun licensing law), may not enter this property with a handgun that is carried openly"; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a sign posted on the property that:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>includes the language described by Paragraph (A) in both English and Spanish;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>appears in contrasting colors with block letters at least one inch in height; and</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>is displayed in a conspicuous manner clearly visible to the public at each entrance to the property.</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor punishable by a fine not to exceed $200, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that, after entering the property, the license holder was personally given the notice by oral communication described by Subsection (b) and subsequently failed to depart.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section that the property on which the license holder openly carries the handgun is owned or leased by a governmental entity and is not a premises or other place on which the license holder is prohibited from carrying the handgun under Section 46.03.</content> <continuation>(e-1) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the license holder is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an owner of an apartment in a condominium regime governed by Chapter 81, Property Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an owner of a condominium unit governed by Chapter 82, Property Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a tenant or guest of an owner described by Paragraph (A) or (B); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a guest of a tenant of an owner described by Paragraph (A) or (B); and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the license holder:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the condominium apartment or unit owner's apartment or unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the condominium apartment or unit owner's apartment or unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for residents or guests of the condominium property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for residents or guests of the condominium property.</content> <continuation>(e-2) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the license holder is a tenant of a leased premises governed by Chapter 92, Property Code, or the tenant's guest; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the license holder:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the tenant's rental unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the tenant's rental unit;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or guests by the landlord of the leased premises; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or guests by the landlord of the leased premises.</content> <continuation>(e-3) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the license holder is a tenant of a manufactured home lot governed by Chapter 94, Property Code, or the tenant's guest; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the license holder:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the tenant's manufactured home;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the tenant's manufactured home;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or tenants' guests by the landlord of the leased premises; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the license holder's vehicle located in a parking area provided for tenants or tenants' guests by the landlord of the leased premises.</content> <continuation>(e-4) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the license holder is a guest of a hotel, as defined by Section 2155.101, Occupations Code, and the license holder:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the license holder's hotel room;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the hotel or the license holder's hotel room;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>carries a handgun directly en route to or from the license holder's vehicle located on the hotel property, including a vehicle in a parking area provided for hotel guests; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>carries or stores a handgun in the license holder's vehicle located on the hotel property, including a vehicle in a parking area provided for hotel guests.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that the handgun was carried in a holster.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the license holder is volunteer emergency services personnel, as defined by Section 46.01.</content> <continuation>(g-1) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the license holder is a first responder, as defined by Section 46.01, who:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>holds an unexpired certificate of completion under Section 411.1883, Government Code, at the time of engaging in the applicable conduct;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was engaged in the actual discharge of the first responder's duties while carrying the handgun; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was employed or supervised by a municipality or county to which Chapter 179, Local Government Code, applies.</content> <continuation>(g-2) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the license holder is a tactical medical professional, as defined by Section 411.1884, Government Code, who:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>holds an unexpired certificate of completion under Section 411.1884, Government Code, at the time of engaging in the applicable conduct; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was engaged in the actual discharge of the tactical medical professional's duties while carrying the handgun.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c30/s30.07/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the license holder was personally given notice by oral communication described by Subsection (b) and promptly departed from the property.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 437 (H.B. 910), Sec. 44, eff. January 1, 2016. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1143 (H.B. 435), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 39 (H.B. 302), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 121), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 481 (H.B. 2112), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 518 (S.B. 550), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 20, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1008 (S.B. 20), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1026 (H.B. 1069), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 768 (H.B. 4595), Sec. 24.002(19), eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1116 (H.B. 4995), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31"> <num value="31">CHAPTER 31.</num> <heading>THEFT</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01"> <num value="31.01">Sec. 31.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Deception" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>creating or confirming by words or conduct a false impression of law or fact that is likely to affect the judgment of another in the transaction, and that the actor does not believe to be true;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>failing to correct a false impression of law or fact that is likely to affect the judgment of another in the transaction, that the actor previously created or confirmed by words or conduct, and that the actor does not now believe to be true;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>preventing another from acquiring information likely to affect his judgment in the transaction;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>selling or otherwise transferring or encumbering property without disclosing a lien, security interest, adverse claim, or other legal impediment to the enjoyment of the property, whether the lien, security interest, claim, or impediment is or is not valid, or is or is not a matter of official record; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>promising performance that is likely to affect the judgment of another in the transaction and that the actor does not intend to perform or knows will not be performed, except that failure to perform the promise in issue without other evidence of intent or knowledge is not sufficient proof that the actor did not intend to perform or knew the promise would not be performed.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Deprive" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to withhold property from the owner permanently or for so extended a period of time that a major portion of the value or enjoyment of the property is lost to the owner;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to restore property only upon payment of reward or other compensation; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>to dispose of property in a manner that makes recovery of the property by the owner unlikely.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Effective consent" includes consent by a person legally authorized to act for the owner. Consent is not effective if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>induced by deception or coercion;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>given by a person the actor knows is not legally authorized to act for the owner;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>given by a person who by reason of youth, mental disease or defect, or intoxication is known by the actor to be unable to make reasonable property dispositions;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>given solely to detect the commission of an offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>given by a person who by reason of advanced age is known by the actor to have a diminished capacity to make informed and rational decisions about the reasonable disposition of property.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>"Appropriate" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to bring about a transfer or purported transfer of title to or other nonpossessory interest in property other than real property, whether to the actor or another; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to acquire or otherwise exercise control over property other than real property.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>"Property" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>real property;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>tangible or intangible personal property including anything severed from land; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a document, including money, that represents or embodies anything of value.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>"Service" includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>labor and professional service;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>telecommunication, public utility, or transportation service;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>lodging, restaurant service, and entertainment; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the supply of a motor vehicle or other property for use.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Steal" means to acquire property or service by theft.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Certificate of title" has the meaning assigned by Section 501.002, Transportation Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>"Used or secondhand motor vehicle" means a used motor vehicle, as that term is defined by Section 501.002, Transportation Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>"Elderly individual" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.04(c).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>"Retail merchandise" means one or more items of tangible personal property displayed, held, stored, or offered for sale by a merchant. The term includes a gift card.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <content>"Retail theft detector" means an electrical, mechanical, electronic, or magnetic device used to prevent or detect shoplifting and includes any article or component part essential to the proper operation of the device.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/13"> <num value="13">(13)</num> <content>"Shielding or deactivation instrument" means any item or tool designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of preventing the detection of stolen merchandise by a retail theft detector. The term includes a metal-lined or foil-lined shopping bag and any item used to remove a security tag affixed to retail merchandise.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.01/14"> <num value="14">(14)</num> <content>"Fire exit alarm" has the meaning assigned by Section 793.001, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Text of subdivision as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 319 (S.B. 1646), Sec. 1.03 (15) "Critical infrastructure facility" means: (A) one of the following, if completely enclosed by a fence or other physical barrier that is obviously designed to exclude intruders, or if clearly marked with a sign or signs that are posted on the property, are reasonably likely to come to the attention of intruders, and indicate that entry is forbidden: (i) a petroleum or alumina refinery; (ii) an electrical power generating facility, substation, switching station, or electrical control center; (iii) a chemical, polymer, or rubber manufacturing facility; (iv) a water intake structure, water treatment facility, wastewater treatment plant, or pump station; (v) a natural gas compressor station; (vi) a liquid natural gas terminal or storage facility; (vii) a telecommunications central switching office or any structure used as part of a system to provide wired or wireless telecommunications services, cable or video services, or Internet access services; (viii) a port, a railroad switching yard, a trucking terminal, or any other freight transportation facility; (ix) a gas processing plant, including a plant used in the processing, treatment, or fractionation of natural gas; (x) a transmission facility used by a federally licensed radio or television station; (xi) a steelmaking facility that uses an electric arc furnace to make steel; (xii) a dam that is classified as a high hazard by the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality; (xiii) a concentrated animal feeding operation, as defined by Section 26.048, Water Code; or (xiv) any component of a system: (a) on which a 9-1-1 service, as defined by Section 771.001, Health and Safety Code, depends to properly function; or (b) that enables interoperable communications between emergency services personnel, as defined by Section 22.01, during an emergency or disaster; or (B) if enclosed by a fence or other physical barrier obviously designed to exclude intruders: (i) any portion of an aboveground oil, gas, or chemical pipeline; (ii) an oil or gas drilling site; (iii) a group of tanks used to store crude oil, such as a tank battery; (iv) an oil, gas, or chemical production facility; (v) an oil or gas wellhead; or (vi) any oil and gas facility that has an active flare. Text of subdivision as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 815 (S.B. 1300), Sec. 3 (15) "Merchant" means any business that sells items to the public. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 914, ch. 342, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 901, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 30.237, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 432, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 323 (H.B. 2482), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 319 (S.B. 1646), Sec. 1.03, eff. May 30, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 815 (S.B. 1300), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 16 (S.B. 16), Sec. 8, eff. December 4, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.02"> <num value="31.02">Sec. 31.02.</num> <heading>CONSOLIDATION OF THEFT OFFENSES</heading> <content>Theft as defined in Section 31.03 constitutes a single offense superseding the separate offenses previously known as theft, theft by false pretext, conversion by a bailee, theft from the person, shoplifting, acquisition of property by threat, swindling, swindling by worthless check, embezzlement, extortion, receiving or concealing embezzled property, and receiving or concealing stolen property.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03"> <num value="31.03">Sec. 31.03.</num> <heading>THEFT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he unlawfully appropriates property with intent to deprive the owner of property.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Appropriation of property is unlawful if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>it is without the owner's effective consent;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the property is stolen and the actor appropriates the property knowing it was stolen by another; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>property in the custody of any law enforcement agency was explicitly represented by any law enforcement agent to the actor as being stolen and the actor appropriates the property believing it was stolen by another.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of Subsection (b):</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>evidence that the actor has previously participated in recent transactions other than, but similar to, the transaction for which the prosecution is based is admissible for the purpose of showing knowledge or intent and the issues of knowledge or intent are raised by the actor's plea of not guilty;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the testimony of an accomplice shall be corroborated by proof that tends to connect the actor to the crime, but the actor's knowledge or intent may be established by the uncorroborated testimony of the accomplice;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>an actor engaged in the business of buying and selling used or secondhand personal property, or lending money on the security of personal property deposited with the actor, is presumed to know upon receipt by the actor of stolen property (other than a motor vehicle subject to Chapter 501, Transportation Code) that the property has been previously stolen from another if the actor pays for or loans against the property $25 or more (or consideration of equivalent value) and the actor knowingly or recklessly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>fails to record the name, address, and physical description or identification number of the seller or pledgor;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>fails to record a complete description of the property, including the serial number, if reasonably available, or other identifying characteristics; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>fails to obtain a signed warranty from the seller or pledgor that the seller or pledgor has the right to possess the property. It is the express intent of this provision that the presumption arises unless the actor complies with each of the numbered requirements;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>for the purposes of Subdivision (3)(A), "identification number" means driver's license number, military identification number, identification certificate, or other official number capable of identifying an individual;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>stolen property does not lose its character as stolen when recovered by any law enforcement agency;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>an actor engaged in the business of obtaining abandoned or wrecked motor vehicles or parts of an abandoned or wrecked motor vehicle for resale, disposal, scrap, repair, rebuilding, demolition, or other form of salvage is presumed to know on receipt by the actor of stolen property that the property has been previously stolen from another if the actor knowingly or recklessly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>fails to maintain an accurate and legible inventory of each motor vehicle component part purchased by or delivered to the actor, including the date of purchase or delivery, the name, age, address, sex, and driver's license number of the seller or person making the delivery, the license plate number of the motor vehicle in which the part was delivered, a complete description of the part, and the vehicle identification number of the motor vehicle from which the part was removed, or in lieu of maintaining an inventory, fails to record the name and certificate of inventory number of the person who dismantled the motor vehicle from which the part was obtained;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>fails on receipt of a motor vehicle to obtain a certificate of authority, sales receipt, or transfer document as required by Chapter 683, Transportation Code, or a certificate of title showing that the motor vehicle is not subject to a lien or that all recorded liens on the motor vehicle have been released; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>fails on receipt of a motor vehicle to immediately remove an unexpired license plate from the motor vehicle, to keep the plate in a secure and locked place, or to maintain an inventory, on forms provided by the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles, of license plates kept under this paragraph, including for each plate or set of plates the license plate number and the make, motor number, and vehicle identification number of the motor vehicle from which the plate was removed;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>an actor who purchases or receives a used or secondhand motor vehicle is presumed to know on receipt by the actor of the motor vehicle that the motor vehicle has been previously stolen from another if the actor knowingly or recklessly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>fails to report to the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles the failure of the person who sold or delivered the motor vehicle to the actor to deliver to the actor a properly executed certificate of title to the motor vehicle at the time the motor vehicle was delivered; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>fails to file with the county tax assessor-collector of the county in which the actor received the motor vehicle, not later than the 20th day after the date the actor received the motor vehicle, the registration license receipt and certificate of title or evidence of title delivered to the actor in accordance with Subchapter D, Chapter 520, Transportation Code, at the time the motor vehicle was delivered;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <chapeau>an actor who purchases or receives from any source other than a licensed retailer or distributor of pesticides a restricted-use pesticide or a state-limited-use pesticide or a compound, mixture, or preparation containing a restricted-use or state-limited-use pesticide is presumed to know on receipt by the actor of the pesticide or compound, mixture, or preparation that the pesticide or compound, mixture, or preparation has been previously stolen from another if the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>fails to record the name, address, and physical description of the seller or pledgor;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>fails to record a complete description of the amount and type of pesticide or compound, mixture, or preparation purchased or received; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>fails to obtain a signed warranty from the seller or pledgor that the seller or pledgor has the right to possess the property;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>an actor who is subject to Section 409, Packers and Stockyards Act (7 U.S.C. Section 228b), that obtains livestock from a commission merchant by representing that the actor will make prompt payment is presumed to have induced the commission merchant's consent by deception if the actor fails to make full payment in accordance with Section 409, Packers and Stockyards Act (7 U.S.C. Section 228b); and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <chapeau>an actor in possession of property consisting of one or more catalytic converters that have been removed from a motor vehicle is presumed to have unlawfully appropriated the property unless the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is the owner, as defined by Section 601.002, Transportation Code, of each vehicle from which the catalytic converters were removed; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>possesses the catalytic converters in the ordinary course of the actor's business, including in the ordinary course of business of an entity described by Section 1956.123(1), Occupations Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the offense occurred as a result of a deception or strategy on the part of a law enforcement agency, including the use of an undercover operative or peace officer;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor was provided by a law enforcement agency with a facility in which to commit the offense or an opportunity to engage in conduct constituting the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor was solicited to commit the offense by a peace officer, and the solicitation was of a type that would encourage a person predisposed to commit the offense to actually commit the offense, but would not encourage a person not predisposed to commit the offense to actually commit the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>Except as otherwise provided by this section, an offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the value of the property stolen is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a Class B misdemeanor if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the property stolen is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the value of the property stolen is less than $100 and the defendant has previously been convicted of any grade of theft; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the property stolen is a driver's license, commercial driver's license, or personal identification certificate issued by this state or another state;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the property stolen is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>a state jail felony if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the property stolen is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000, or the property is less than 10 head of sheep, swine, or goats or any part thereof under the value of $30,000;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>regardless of value, the property is stolen from the person of another or from a human corpse or grave, including property that is a military grave marker;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the property stolen is a firearm;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the value of the property stolen is less than $2,500 and the defendant has been previously convicted two or more times of any grade of theft;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>the property stolen is an official ballot or official carrier envelope for an election;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>the value of the property stolen is less than $20,000 and the property stolen is:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>aluminum;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>bronze;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>copper; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>brass;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>the cost of replacing the property stolen is less than $30,000 and the property stolen is a catalytic converter; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/H"> <num value="H">(H)</num> <content>the value of the property stolen is less than $30,000 and the property was stolen in a disaster area and came into the actor's custody, possession, or control by virtue of the actor's status or purported status as a disaster volunteer, as that term is defined by Section 32.61;</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if the value of the property stolen is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000, or the property is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>cattle, horses, or exotic livestock or exotic fowl as defined by Section 142.001, Agriculture Code, stolen during a single transaction and having an aggregate value of less than $150,000;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>10 or more head of sheep, swine, or goats stolen during a single transaction and having an aggregate value of less than $150,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a controlled substance, having a value of less than $150,000, if stolen from:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>a commercial building in which a controlled substance is generally stored, including a pharmacy, clinic, hospital, nursing facility, or warehouse; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>a vehicle owned or operated by a wholesale distributor of prescription drugs;</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the property stolen is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the value of the property stolen is less than $300,000 and the property stolen is an automated teller machine or the contents or components of an automated teller machine; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the property stolen is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsections (e)(1)-(6) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor was a public servant at the time of the offense and the property appropriated came into the actor's custody, possession, or control by virtue of his status as a public servant;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor was in a contractual relationship with government at the time of the offense and the property appropriated came into the actor's custody, possession, or control by virtue of the contractual relationship;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>the owner of the property appropriated was at the time of the offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an elderly individual; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a nonprofit organization;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor was a Medicare provider in a contractual relationship with the federal government at the time of the offense and the property appropriated came into the actor's custody, possession, or control by virtue of the contractual relationship; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>during the commission of the offense, the actor intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>caused a fire exit alarm to sound or otherwise become activated;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>deactivated or otherwise prevented a fire exit alarm or retail theft detector from sounding; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>used a shielding or deactivation instrument to prevent or attempt to prevent detection of the offense by a retail theft detector.</content> <continuation>(f-1) An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsections (e)(4)-(6) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the property stolen is a catalytic converter; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor possessed a firearm during the commission of the offense.</content> <continuation>(f-2) An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsections (e)(4)-(6) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the property stolen was copper or brass; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor committed the offense by unlawfully appropriating the property from a critical infrastructure facility or from equipment or communication wires appurtenant to or connected to the facility or on which the facility depends to properly function, regardless of whether the equipment or communication wires are enclosed by a fence or other barrier.</content> <continuation>(f-3) The increase in the punishment provided by Section 12.50 for an offense under this section does not apply if the penalty described by Subsection (e)(4)(H) applies.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>For the purposes of Subsection (a), a person is the owner of exotic livestock or exotic fowl as defined by Section 142.001, Agriculture Code, only if the person qualifies to claim the animal under Section 142.0021, Agriculture Code, if the animal is an estray.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Restricted-use pesticide" means a pesticide classified as a restricted-use pesticide by the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency under 7 U.S.C. Section 136a, as that law existed on January 1, 1995, and containing an active ingredient listed in the federal regulations adopted under that law (40 C.F.R. Section 152.175) and in effect on that date.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"State-limited-use pesticide" means a pesticide classified as a state-limited-use pesticide by the Department of Agriculture under Section 76.003, Agriculture Code, as that section existed on January 1, 1995, and containing an active ingredient listed in the rules adopted under that section (4 TAC Section 7.24) as that section existed on that date.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Nonprofit organization" means an organization that is exempt from federal income taxation under Section 501(a), Internal Revenue Code of 1986, by being described as an exempt organization by Section 501(c)(3) of that code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Automated teller machine" means an unstaffed electronic information processing device that, at the request of a user, performs a financial transaction through the direct transmission of electronic impulses to a financial institution or through the recording of electronic impulses or other indicia of a transaction for delayed transmission to a financial institution. The term includes an automated banking machine.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Controlled substance" has the meaning assigned by Section 481.002, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Wholesale distributor of prescription drugs" means a wholesale distributor, as defined by Section 431.401, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Catalytic converter" means a catalytic converter and any material removed from the catalytic converter.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Firearm" has the meaning assigned by Section 46.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <chapeau>"Disaster area" is an area that was, at the time of the offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>subject to a disaster declaration issued by:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the president of the United States under the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. Section 5121 et seq.);</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>the governor under Section 418.014, Government Code; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>the presiding officer of the governing body of a political subdivision under Section 418.108, Government Code; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>subject to an emergency evacuation order.</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (c)(9), "livestock" and "commission merchant" have the meanings assigned by Section 147.001, Agriculture Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.03/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to prosecute an offense under this section that involves the state Medicaid program.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 914, ch. 342, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 937, ch. 349, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 849, ch. 298, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2065, ch. 455, Sec. 1, eff. June 11, 1981; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2918, ch. 497, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3244, ch. 558, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4523, ch. 741, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 599, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 901, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, Sec. 5.01(a)(45), eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 245, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 724, Sec. 2, 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, Sec. 284(80), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 565, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 203, Sec. 4, 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 734, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 843, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 30.238, 31.01(69), eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1153, Sec. 7.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1276, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 198, Sec. 2.136, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 257, Sec. 13, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 393, Sec. 20, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 432, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 304 (H.B. 1766), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 70 (H.B. 1282), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 105 (H.B. 1466), Sec. 1, eff. May 23, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 139 (S.B. 1163), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 295 (H.B. 348), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 903 (H.B. 671), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 903 (H.B. 671), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 933 (H.B. 3097), Sec. 3J.01, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 120 (S.B. 887), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 120 (S.B. 887), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 323 (H.B. 2482), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1234 (S.B. 694), Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 338 (H.B. 1178), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 338 (H.B. 1178), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 269 (S.B. 224), Sec. 2.02, eff. May 29, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 269 (S.B. 224), Sec. 2.03, eff. May 29, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 319 (S.B. 1646), Sec. 1.04, eff. May 30, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 9 (H.B. 20), Sec. 3.01, eff. December 4, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 9 (H.B. 20), Sec. 3.02, eff. December 4, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04"> <num value="31.04">Sec. 31.04.</num> <heading>THEFT OF SERVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits theft of service if, with intent to avoid payment for service that the actor knows is provided only for compensation:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor intentionally or knowingly secures performance of the service by deception, threat, or false token;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>having control over the disposition of services of another to which the actor is not entitled, the actor intentionally or knowingly diverts the other's services to the actor's own benefit or to the benefit of another not entitled to the services;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>having control of personal property under a written rental agreement, the actor holds the property beyond the expiration of the rental period without the effective consent of the owner of the property, thereby depriving the owner of the property of its use in further rentals; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor intentionally or knowingly secures the performance of the service by agreeing to provide compensation and, after the service is rendered, fails to make full payment after receiving notice demanding payment.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section, intent to avoid payment is presumed if any of the following occurs:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor absconded without paying for the service or expressly refused to pay for the service in circumstances where payment is ordinarily made immediately upon rendering of the service, as in hotels, campgrounds, recreational vehicle parks, restaurants, and comparable establishments;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor failed to make payment under a service agreement within 10 days after receiving notice demanding payment;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor returns property held under a rental agreement after the expiration of the rental agreement and fails to pay the applicable rental charge for the property within 10 days after the date on which the actor received notice demanding payment;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>the actor failed to return the property held under a rental agreement:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>within five days after receiving notice demanding return, if the property is valued at less than $2,500;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>within three days after receiving notice demanding return, if the property is valued at $2,500 or more but less than $10,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>within two days after receiving notice demanding return, if the property is valued at $10,000 or more; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>failed to return the property held under an agreement described by Subsections (d-2)(1)-(3) within five business days after receiving notice demanding return; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>has made fewer than three complete payments under the agreement.</content> <continuation>(b-1) For purposes of Subsection (a)(4), notice must be:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>in writing;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>sent by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>registered or certified mail with return receipt requested;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>commercial delivery service;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>e-mail; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>text message; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>sent to the actor using the actor's mailing address, e-mail address, phone number, or other method of contact, as appropriate, shown on:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the rental agreement or service agreement;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>records of the person whose service was secured; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>if the actor secured performance of service by issuing or passing a check or similar sight order for the payment of money, using the actor's address shown on:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the check or order; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>the records of the bank or other drawee on which the check or order is drawn.</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of Subsections (b)(2), (b)(4), and (b)(5), notice must be:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>in writing;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>sent by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>registered or certified mail with return receipt requested; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>commercial delivery service; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>sent to the actor using the actor's mailing address shown on:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the rental agreement or service agreement;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>records of the person whose service was secured; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>if the actor secured performance of service by issuing or passing a check or similar sight order for the payment of money, using the actor's address shown on:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the check or order; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>the records of the bank or other drawee on which the check or order is drawn.</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, if written notice is given in accordance with Subsection (b-1) or (c), it is presumed that the notice was received not later than two days after the notice was sent. For purposes of Subsections (b)(4)(A) and (B) and (b)(5), if written notice is given in accordance with Subsection (c), it is presumed that the notice was received not later than five days after the notice was sent.</content> <continuation>(d-1) For purposes of Subsection (a)(2), the diversion of services to the benefit of a person who is not entitled to those services includes the disposition of personal property by an actor having control of the property under an agreement described by Subsections (d-2)(1)-(3), if the actor disposes of the property in violation of the terms of the agreement and to the benefit of any person who is not entitled to the property.</continuation> <continuation>(d-2) For purposes of Subsection (a)(3), the term "written rental agreement" does not include an agreement that:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>permits an individual to use personal property for personal, family, or household purposes for an initial rental period;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is automatically renewable with each payment after the initial rental period; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>permits the individual to become the owner of the property.</content> <continuation>(d-3) For purposes of Subsection (a)(4):</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>if the compensation is or was to be paid on a periodic basis, the intent to avoid payment for a service may be formed at any time during or before a pay period;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the partial payment of wages alone is not sufficient evidence to negate the actor's intent to avoid payment for a service; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the term "service" does not include leasing personal property under an agreement described by Subsections (d-2)(1)-(3).</content> <continuation>(d-4) A presumption established under Subsection (b) involving a defendant's failure to return property held under an agreement described by Subsections (d-2)(1)-(3) may be refuted if the defendant shows that the defendant:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intended to return the property; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was unable to return the property.</content> <continuation>(d-5) For purposes of Subsection (b)(5), "business day" means a day other than Sunday or a state or federal holiday.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the value of the service stolen is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the service stolen is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the service stolen is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the service stolen is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the service stolen is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the service stolen is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the service stolen is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>Notwithstanding any other provision of this code, any police or other report of stolen vehicles by a political subdivision of this state shall include on the report any rental vehicles whose renters have been shown to such reporting agency to be in violation of Subsection (b)(2) and shall indicate that the renting agency has complied with the notice requirements demanding return as provided in this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the defendant secured the performance of the service by giving a post-dated check or similar sight order to the person performing the service; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person performing the service or any other person presented the check or sight order for payment before the date on the check or sight order.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 1138, ch. 429, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2920, ch. 497, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 565, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 479, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 28, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 843, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1245, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 419, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 141 (S.B. 1024), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1124 (H.B. 2524), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 517 (H.B. 2897), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 624 (H.B. 3463), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05"> <num value="31.05">Sec. 31.05.</num> <heading>THEFT OF TRADE SECRETS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Article" means any object, material, device, or substance or any copy thereof, including a writing, recording, drawing, sample, specimen, prototype, model, photograph, microorganism, blueprint, or map.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Copy" means a facsimile, replica, photograph, or other reproduction of an article or a note, drawing, or sketch made of or from an article.</content> <continuation>(2-a) "Foreign agent" means an officer, employee, proxy, servant, delegate, or representative of a foreign government.</continuation> <continuation>(2-b) "Foreign government" has the meaning assigned by Section 51B.001, Education Code.</continuation> <continuation>(2-c) "Foreign instrumentality" means an agency, bureau, ministry, component, institution, association, or legal, commercial, or business organization, corporation, firm, or entity that is substantially owned, controlled, sponsored, commanded, managed, or dominated by a foreign government.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Representing" means describing, depicting, containing, constituting, reflecting, or recording.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Trade secret" means the whole or any part of any scientific or technical information, design, process, procedure, formula, or improvement that has value and that the owner has taken measures to prevent from becoming available to persons other than those selected by the owner to have access for limited purposes.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, without the owner's effective consent, he knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>steals a trade secret;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>makes a copy of an article representing a trade secret; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>communicates or transmits a trade secret.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person who committed the offense intended to benefit a foreign agent, foreign government, or foreign instrumentality.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1071 (H.B. 127), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1071 (H.B. 127), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06"> <num value="31.06">Sec. 31.06.</num> <heading>PRESUMPTION FOR THEFT BY CHECK OR SIMILAR SIGHT ORDER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>If the actor obtained property or secured performance of service by issuing or passing a check or similar sight order for the payment of money, when the issuer did not have sufficient funds in or on deposit with the bank or other drawee for the payment in full of the check or order as well as all other checks or orders then outstanding, it is prima facie evidence of the issuer's intent to deprive the owner of property under Section 31.03 (Theft) including a drawee or third-party holder in due course who negotiated the check or order or to avoid payment for service under Section 31.04 (Theft of Service) (except in the case of a postdated check or order) if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the issuer had no account with the bank or other drawee at the time the issuer issued the check or sight order; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>payment was refused by the bank or other drawee for lack of funds or insufficient funds, on presentation within 30 days after issue, and the issuer failed to pay the holder in full within 10 days after receiving notice of that refusal.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of Subsection (a)(2) or (f)(3), notice may be actual notice or notice in writing that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>is sent by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>first class mail, evidenced by an affidavit of service; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>registered or certified mail with return receipt requested;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>is addressed to the issuer at the issuer's address shown on:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the check or order;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the records of the bank or other drawee; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the records of the person to whom the check or order has been issued or passed; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>contains the following statement:</content> <continuation>"This is a demand for payment in full for a check or order not paid because of a lack of funds or insufficient funds. If you fail to make payment in full within 10 days after the date of receipt of this notice, the failure to pay creates a presumption for committing an offense, and this matter may be referred for criminal prosecution."</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If written notice is given in accordance with Subsection (b), it is presumed that the notice was received no later than five days after it was sent.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Nothing in this section prevents the prosecution from establishing the requisite intent by direct evidence.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Partial restitution does not preclude the presumption of the requisite intent under this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>If the actor obtained property by issuing or passing a check or similar sight order for the payment of money, the actor's intent to deprive the owner of the property under Section 31.03 (Theft) is presumed, except in the case of a postdated check or order, if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor ordered the bank or other drawee to stop payment on the check or order;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the bank or drawee refused payment to the holder on presentation of the check or order within 30 days after issue;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the owner gave the actor notice of the refusal of payment and made a demand to the actor for payment or return of the property; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>the actor failed to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>pay the holder within 10 days after receiving the demand for payment; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>return the property to the owner within 10 days after receiving the demand for return of the property.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 543, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 753, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 976 (S.B. 548), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 128 (S.B. 821), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 128 (S.B. 821), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.07"> <num value="31.07">Sec. 31.07.</num> <heading>UNAUTHORIZED USE OF A VEHICLE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly operates another's boat, airplane, or motor-propelled vehicle without the effective consent of the owner.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08"> <num value="31.08">Sec. 31.08.</num> <heading>VALUE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Subject to the additional criteria of Subsections (a-1), (b), and (c), value under this chapter is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the fair market value of the property or service at the time and place of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>if the fair market value of the property cannot be ascertained, the cost of replacing the property within a reasonable time after the theft.</content> <continuation>(a-1) In the prosecution of an offense under Section 31.16 involving retail merchandise stolen from a merchant, the value of the stolen retail merchandise is:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the sales price of the retail merchandise as stated, posted, or advertised by the merchant, including applicable sales tax, at the time of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the rental price of the retail merchandise as stated, posted, or advertised by the merchant, including applicable sales tax, at the time of the offense plus the cost of replacing the retail merchandise within a reasonable time after the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>The value of documents, other than those having a readily ascertainable market value, is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the amount due and collectible at maturity less that part which has been satisfied, if the document constitutes evidence of a debt; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the greatest amount of economic loss that the owner might reasonably suffer by virtue of loss of the document, if the document is other than evidence of a debt.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If property or service has value that cannot be reasonably ascertained by the criteria set forth in Subsections (a), (a-1), and (b), the property or service is deemed to have a value of $750 or more but less than $2,500.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.08/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If the actor proves by a preponderance of the evidence that the actor gave consideration for or had a legal interest in the property or service stolen, the amount of the consideration or the value of the interest so proven shall be deducted from the value of the property or service ascertained under Subsection (a), (a-1), (b), or (c) to determine value for purposes of this chapter.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2920, ch. 497, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 12, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 815 (S.B. 1300), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.09"> <num value="31.09">Sec. 31.09.</num> <heading>AGGREGATION OF AMOUNTS INVOLVED IN THEFT</heading> <content>When amounts are obtained in violation of this chapter pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, whether from the same or several sources, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the amounts aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.10"> <num value="31.10">Sec. 31.10.</num> <heading>ACTOR'S INTEREST IN PROPERTY</heading> <content>It is no defense to prosecution under this chapter that the actor has an interest in the property or service stolen if another person has the right of exclusive possession of the property.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11"> <num value="31.11">Sec. 31.11.</num> <heading>TAMPERING WITH IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>knowingly or intentionally removes, alters, or obliterates the serial number or other permanent identification marking on tangible personal property; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>possesses, sells, or offers for sale tangible personal property and:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor knows that the serial number or other permanent identification marking has been removed, altered, or obliterated; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a reasonable person in the position of the actor would have known that the serial number or other permanent identification marking has been removed, altered, or obliterated.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the person was:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the owner or acting with the effective consent of the owner of the property involved;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a peace officer acting in the actual discharge of official duties; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>acting with respect to a number assigned to a vehicle by the Texas Department of Transportation or the Texas Department of Motor Vehicles, as applicable, and the person was:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>in the actual discharge of official duties as an employee or agent of the department; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>in full compliance with the rules of the department as an applicant for an assigned number approved by the department.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Property involved in a violation of this section may be treated as stolen for purposes of custody and disposition of the property.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.11/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>In this section, "vehicle" has the meaning given by Section 541.201, Transportation Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 417, ch. 191, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1979. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4525, ch. 741, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 113, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 30.239, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 933 (H.B. 3097), Sec. 3J.02, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12"> <num value="31.12">Sec. 31.12.</num> <heading>THEFT OF OR TAMPERING WITH MULTICHANNEL VIDEO OR INFORMATION SERVICES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, without the authorization of the multichannel video or information services provider, the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>makes or maintains a connection, whether physically, electrically, electronically, or inductively, to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a cable, wire, or other component of or media attached to a multichannel video or information services system; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a television set, videotape recorder, or other receiver attached to a multichannel video or information system;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>attaches, causes to be attached, or maintains the attachment of a device to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a cable, wire, or other component of or media attached to a multichannel video or information services system; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a television set, videotape recorder, or other receiver attached to a multichannel video or information services system;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>tampers with, modifies, or maintains a modification to a device installed by a multichannel video or information services provider; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>tampers with, modifies, or maintains a modification to an access device or uses that access device or any unauthorized access device to obtain services from a multichannel video or information services provider.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Access device," "connection," and "device" mean an access device, connection, or device wholly or partly designed to make intelligible an encrypted, encoded, scrambled, or other nonstandard signal carried by a multichannel video or information services provider.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Encrypted, encoded, scrambled, or other nonstandard signal" means any type of signal or transmission not intended to produce an intelligible program or service without the use of a device, signal, or information provided by a multichannel video or information services provider.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Multichannel video or information services provider" means a licensed cable television system, video dialtone system, multichannel multipoint distribution services system, direct broadcast satellite system, or other system providing video or information services that are distributed by cable, wire, radio frequency, or other media.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>This section does not prohibit the manufacture, distribution, sale, or use of satellite receiving antennas that are otherwise permitted by state or federal law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor unless it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>has been previously convicted one time of an offense under this section, in which event the offense is a Class B misdemeanor, or convicted two or more times of an offense under this section, in which event the offense is a Class A misdemeanor; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>committed the offense for remuneration, in which event the offense is a Class A misdemeanor, unless it is also shown on the trial of the offense that the actor has been previously convicted two or more times of an offense under this section, in which event the offense is a Class A misdemeanor with a minimum fine of $2,000 and a minimum term of confinement of 180 days.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.12/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For the purposes of this section, each connection, attachment, modification, or act of tampering is a separate offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 858, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.13"> <num value="31.13">Sec. 31.13.</num> <heading>MANUFACTURE, DISTRIBUTION, OR ADVERTISEMENT OF MULTICHANNEL VIDEO OR INFORMATION SERVICES DEVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.13/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person for remuneration intentionally or knowingly manufactures, assembles, modifies, imports into the state, exports out of the state, distributes, advertises, or offers for sale, with an intent to aid in the commission of an offense under Section 31.12, a device, a kit or part for a device, or a plan for a system of components wholly or partly designed to make intelligible an encrypted, encoded, scrambled, or other nonstandard signal carried or caused by a multichannel video or information services provider.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.13/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In this section, "device," "encrypted, encoded, scrambled, or other nonstandard signal," and "multichannel video or information services provider" have the meanings assigned by Section 31.12.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.13/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>This section does not prohibit the manufacture, distribution, advertisement, offer for sale, or use of satellite receiving antennas that are otherwise permitted by state or federal law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.13/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 858, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.14"> <num value="31.14">Sec. 31.14.</num> <heading>SALE OR LEASE OF MULTICHANNEL VIDEO OR INFORMATION SERVICES DEVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.14/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly sells or leases, with an intent to aid in the commission of an offense under Section 31.12, a device, a kit or part for a device, or a plan for a system of components wholly or partly designed to make intelligible an encrypted, encoded, scrambled, or other nonstandard signal carried or caused by a multichannel video or information services provider.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.14/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In this section, "device," "encrypted, encoded, scrambled, or other nonstandard signal," and "multichannel video or information services provider" have the meanings assigned by Section 31.12.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.14/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>This section does not prohibit the sale or lease of satellite receiving antennas that are otherwise permitted by state or federal law without providing notice to the comptroller.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.14/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 858, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.15"> <num value="31.15">Sec. 31.15.</num> <heading>POSSESSION, MANUFACTURE, OR DISTRIBUTION OF CERTAIN INSTRUMENTS USED TO COMMIT RETAIL THEFT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.15/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 323, Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2011.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.15/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to use the instrument to commit theft, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>possesses a shielding or deactivation instrument; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>knowingly manufactures, sells, offers for sale, or otherwise distributes a shielding or deactivation instrument.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.15/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 109, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 323 (H.B. 2482), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16"> <num value="31.16">Sec. 31.16.</num> <heading>ORGANIZED RETAIL THEFT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>acting in concert with one or more other persons, unlawfully appropriates retail merchandise, money, or other property from a merchant with the intent to deprive the merchant of the property;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>on two or more occasions within a 180-day period, unlawfully appropriates retail merchandise, money, or other property from a merchant with the intent to deprive the merchant of the property;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>knowingly obtains a benefit from conduct constituting an offense under Subdivision (1) or (2) that was committed by another person; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>knowingly acts in concert with one or more other persons to overwhelm the security response of a merchant or a peace officer for the purpose of committing an offense under Subdivision (1) or (2) or avoiding detection or apprehension for the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In the prosecution of an offense under this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>Sections 31.03(b) and (c) apply to the offense for purposes of determining whether property was unlawfully appropriated from a merchant; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a person is presumed to have acted with the intent to deprive a merchant of retail merchandise if the person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>altered or removed a label, universal product code, price tag, or retail theft detector for retail merchandise; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>transferred retail merchandise from the merchandise's packaging into other packaging.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a person who acted in concert with the actor has not been charged, convicted, apprehended, or identified;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the offense occurred as a result of a deception or strategy on the part of a law enforcement agency, including the use of an undercover operative or peace officer;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor was provided by a law enforcement agency with a facility in which to commit the offense or an opportunity to engage in conduct constituting the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the actor was solicited to commit the offense by a peace officer, and the solicitation was of a type that would encourage a person predisposed to commit the offense to actually commit the offense but would not encourage a person not predisposed to commit the offense to actually commit the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the total value of the property involved in the offense is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the total value of the property involved in the offense is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the total value of the property involved in the offense is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the total value of the property involved in the offense is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the total value of the property involved in the offense is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the total value of the property involved in the offense is $150,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.16/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For purposes of enhancement of penalties under Subchapter D, Chapter 12, a person is considered to have been convicted of an offense under this section if the person was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred adjudication community supervision, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and the person was subsequently discharged from community supervision.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1274 (H.B. 3584), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 323 (H.B. 2482), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 323 (H.B. 2482), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 13, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 815 (S.B. 1300), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17"> <num value="31.17">Sec. 31.17.</num> <heading>UNAUTHORIZED ACQUISITION OR TRANSFER OF CERTAIN FINANCIAL INFORMATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Check" has the meaning assigned by Section 3.104, Business & Commerce Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Credit card" and "debit card" have the meanings assigned by Section 32.31.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Financial sight order or payment card information" means financial information that is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>contained on either side of a check or similar sight order, check card, debit card, or credit card; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>encoded on the magnetic strip or stripe of a check card, debit card, or credit card.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, knowing that the person is not entitled to obtain or possess that financial information:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>obtains the financial sight order or payment card information of another by use of an electronic, photographic, visual imaging, recording, or other device capable of accessing, reading, recording, capturing, copying, imaging, scanning, reproducing, or storing in any manner the financial sight order or payment card information; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>transfers to a third party information obtained as described by Subdivision (1).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b)(1) is a Class B misdemeanor. An offense under Subsection (b)(2) is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.17/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 260 (H.B. 1215), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18"> <num value="31.18">Sec. 31.18.</num> <heading>CARGO THEFT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Cargo" means goods, as defined by Section 7.102, Business & Commerce Code, that constitute, wholly or partly, a commercial shipment of freight moving in commerce. A shipment is considered to be moving in commerce if the shipment is located at any point between the point of origin and the final point of destination regardless of any temporary stop that is made for the purpose of transshipment or otherwise.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Vehicle" has the meaning assigned by Section 541.201, Transportation Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>knowingly or intentionally conducts, promotes, or facilitates an activity in which the person receives, possesses, conceals, stores, barters, sells, abandons, or disposes of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>stolen cargo; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>cargo explicitly represented to the person as being stolen cargo; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>is employed as a driver lawfully contracted to transport a specific cargo by vehicle from a known point of origin to a known point of destination and, with the intent to conduct, promote, or facilitate an activity described by Subdivision (1), knowingly or intentionally:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>fails to deliver the entire cargo to the known point of destination as contracted; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>causes the seal to be broken on the vehicle or on an intermodal container containing any part of the cargo.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the total value of the cargo involved in the activity is $1,500 or more but less than $10,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the total value of the cargo involved in the activity is $10,000 or more but less than $100,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the total value of the cargo involved in the activity is $100,000 or more but less than $200,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the total value of the cargo involved in the activity is $200,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (c), the total value of the cargo involved in the activity includes the value of any vehicle stolen or damaged in the course of the same criminal episode as the conduct that is the subject of the prosecution.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsections (c)(1)-(3) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person organized, supervised, financed, or managed one or more other persons engaged in an activity described by Subsection (b).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the offense occurred as a result of a deception or strategy on the part of a law enforcement agency, including the use of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an undercover operative or peace officer; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a bait vehicle;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor was provided by a law enforcement agency with a facility in which to commit the offense or with an opportunity to engage in conduct constituting the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.18/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor was solicited to commit the offense by a peace officer, and the solicitation was of a type that would encourage a person predisposed to commit the offense to actually commit the offense but would not encourage a person not predisposed to commit the offense to actually commit the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1219 (S.B. 1828), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2015. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 15.001, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19"> <num value="31.19">Sec. 31.19.</num> <heading>THEFT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCT OR OIL AND GAS EQUIPMENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Oil and gas equipment" means machinery, drilling equipment, welding equipment, pipeline equipment, fittings, pumps, vehicles, or other equipment and materials that are part of or incident to the exploration, development, maintenance, and operation of oil and gas properties, including oil and gas wells, oil and gas leases, gasoline plants, and refineries.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Petroleum product" means crude oil, natural gas, or condensate.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>unlawfully appropriates a petroleum product with intent to deprive the owner of the petroleum product by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>possessing, removing, delivering, receiving, purchasing, selling, moving, concealing, or transporting the petroleum product; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>making or causing a connection to be made with, or drilling or tapping or causing a hole to be drilled or tapped in, a pipe, pipeline, or tank used to store or transport a petroleum product;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>transports to a waste disposal location a petroleum product for which the person cannot identify the petroleum product's initial owner;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>purchases a petroleum product from a person that is not authorized by the Railroad Commission of Texas to sell the petroleum product; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>stores, purchases, or trades a petroleum product for financial benefit by means of a method that is not authorized by the Railroad Commission of Texas.</content> <continuation>(b-1) A person commits an offense if the person unlawfully appropriates oil and gas equipment with intent to deprive the owner of the oil and gas equipment by possessing, removing, delivering, receiving, purchasing, selling, moving, concealing, or transporting the oil and gas equipment.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Appropriation of a petroleum product or oil and gas equipment is unlawful if it is without the owner's effective consent.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (b) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the total value of the petroleum product appropriated is less than $10,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the total value of the petroleum product appropriated is $10,000 or more but less than $100,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the total value of the petroleum product appropriated is $100,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (b-1) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the total value of the oil and gas equipment appropriated is less than $10,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the total value of the oil and gas equipment appropriated is $10,000 or more but less than $100,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the total value of the oil and gas equipment appropriated is $100,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.19/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law, but not both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 46 (S.B. 1871), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 70 (S.B. 1806), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20"> <num value="31.20">Sec. 31.20.</num> <heading>MAIL THEFT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Disabled individual" and "elderly individual" have the meanings assigned by Section 22.04.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Identifying information" has the meaning assigned by Section 32.51.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Mail" means a letter, postal card, package, bag, or other sealed article that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is delivered by a common carrier or delivery service and:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>is in transit; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>has been delivered but not yet received by the addressee; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>has been left to be collected for delivery by a common carrier or delivery service.</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Negotiable instrument" has the meaning assigned by Section 3.104, Business & Commerce Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally appropriates mail without the effective consent of the addressee and with the intent to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>deprive that addressee of the mail; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>steal a negotiable instrument.</content> <continuation>(b-1) If an actor possesses mail from five or more addressees, there is a rebuttable presumption that actor appropriated the mail without the effective consent of the applicable addressee and with the intent to deprive the addressee of the mail.</continuation> <continuation>(b-2) If an actor possesses mail containing a combined total of five or more negotiable instruments, there is a rebuttable presumption that the actor:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>appropriated the mail without the effective consent of the applicable addressee and with the intent to steal the negotiable instruments; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>committed the offense under this section with the intent to facilitate an offense under Chapter 32.</content> <continuation>(b-3) The presumptions established under Subsections (b-1) and (b-2) do not apply to a business or other commercial entity or governmental agency that is engaged in a business activity or governmental function that does not violate a penal law of this state.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsections (d) and (e), an offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the mail is appropriated from fewer than 10 addressees;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the mail is appropriated from at least 10 but fewer than 30 addressees; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the mail is appropriated from 30 or more addressees.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>If it is shown on the trial of an offense under Subsection (b)(1) that the appropriated mail contained an item of identifying information and the actor committed the offense with the intent to facilitate an offense under Section 32.51, the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the mail is appropriated from fewer than 10 addressees;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the mail is appropriated from at least 10 but fewer than 20 addressees;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the mail is appropriated from at least 20 but fewer than 50 addressees; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the mail is appropriated from 50 or more addressees.</content> <continuation>(d-1) If it is shown on the trial of an offense under Subsection (b)(2) that the appropriated mail contained a negotiable instrument and the actor committed the offense with the intent to facilitate an offense under Chapter 32, the offense is:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if five or fewer negotiable instruments are appropriated;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if more than 5 but fewer than 10 negotiable instruments are appropriated;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if at least 10 but fewer than 50 negotiable instruments are appropriated; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if 50 or more negotiable instruments are appropriated.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsection (d)(1), (2), or (3) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that at the time of the offense the actor knew or had reason to believe that an addressee from whom the actor appropriated mail was a disabled individual or an elderly individual.</content> <continuation>(e-1) An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsection (d-1)(1), (2), or (3) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that at the time of the offense the actor knew or had reason to believe that an addressee from whom the actor appropriated a negotiable instrument was a disabled individual or an elderly individual.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.20/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 706 (H.B. 37), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 814 (S.B. 1281), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 814 (S.B. 1281), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21"> <num value="31.21">Sec. 31.21.</num> <heading>UNAUTHORIZED POSSESSION OF CATALYTIC CONVERTER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly possesses a catalytic converter that has been removed from a motor vehicle; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is not a person who is authorized under Subsection (b) to possess the catalytic converter.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person is presumed to be authorized to possess a catalytic converter that has been removed from a motor vehicle if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is the owner, as defined by Section 601.002, Transportation Code, of the vehicle from which the catalytic converter was removed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>possesses the catalytic converter in the ordinary course of the person's business, including in the ordinary course of business of an entity described by Section 1956.123(1), Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>The presumption established under Subsection (b) does not apply to a person described by Subsection (b)(2) who knows that the catalytic converter was unlawfully removed from a motor vehicle or otherwise unlawfully obtained.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>has been previously convicted of an offense under this section;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>in connection with the offense, engaged in conduct constituting conspiracy under Section 15.02 to commit an offense under Section 28.03 or 31.03 with respect to a catalytic converter; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>possessed a firearm during the commission of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.21/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 269 (S.B. 224), Sec. 2.04, eff. May 29, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22"> <num value="31.22">Sec. 31.22.</num> <heading>UNAUTHORIZED POSSESSION OF CERTAIN COPPER OR BRASS MATERIAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Copper or brass material" has the meaning assigned by Section 1956.001(4)(A) or (B), Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Firearm" has the meaning assigned by Section 46.01.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly possesses copper or brass material; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is not a person who is authorized under Subsection (c) to possess the copper or brass material.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Subject to Subsection (d), a person is authorized to possess copper or brass material if the person is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the owner of the material;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a public utility or common carrier;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a telecommunications provider as defined by Section 51.002, Utilities Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a cable service provider as defined by Section 66.002, Utilities Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a video service provider as defined by Section 66.002, Utilities Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a manufacturing, industrial, commercial, retail, or other business that sells the material in the ordinary course of the seller's business;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a carrier-for-hire acting in the course and scope of the carrier's business with a bill of lading or a contract verifying transport information;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>a metal recycling entity registered under Chapter 1956, Occupations Code, and acting within the course and scope of the entity's business;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>a person acting in the ordinary course of the person's business who lawfully acquires possession of the materials during construction, remodeling, demolition, or salvage of a building or other structure in which the materials were installed or contained; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>an agent for a person described by Subdivisions (1)-(9) acting within the course and scope of the agent's authority to act on behalf of the person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Subsection (c) does not apply to a person who knows that the copper or brass material was unlawfully obtained.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (f), an offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the copper or brass material was unlawfully obtained from a critical infrastructure facility; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>has been previously convicted of an offense under this section;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>has been previously convicted of any of the following offenses with respect to copper or brass material:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>an offense under Section 28.03 or 31.03;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>conspiracy under Section 15.02 to commit an offense under Section 28.03 or 31.03; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>an offense under Chapter 71;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>in connection with the offense, engaged in conduct with respect to copper or brass material constituting:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>conspiracy under Section 15.02 to commit an offense under Section 28.03, Section 31.03, or Chapter 71; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>an offense under Chapter 71; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>possessed a firearm during the commission of the offense.</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.22/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 319 (S.B. 1646), Sec. 1.05, eff. May 30, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23"> <num value="31.23">Sec. 31.23.</num> <heading>REAL PROPERTY THEFT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Disabled individual" and "elderly individual" have the meanings assigned by Section 22.04.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Nonpossessory interest" includes an interest that may be conveyed by a quitclaim deed or conditional transfer.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Owner" includes an owner's estate and known successors in interest if the owner is deceased.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Transfer" has the meaning assigned by Section 12.019, Property Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>brings about or attempts to bring about a transfer or purported transfer of real property or title to real property or a nonpossessory interest in real property, to any transferee or intended transferee:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>without the effective consent of the owner of the real property or the nonpossessory interest in real property; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>with the intent to deprive the owner of the real property or the nonpossessory interest in the real property; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>sells or otherwise transfers or encumbers, or attempts to sell or otherwise transfer or encumber, real property or title to real property or a nonpossessory interest in real property to or with respect to a person in exchange for a benefit from any person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>without the effective consent of the owner of the benefit; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>with the intent to deprive the owner of the benefit.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under Subsection (b)(1) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the market value of the real property is less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the market value of the real property is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under Subsection (b)(2) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the value of the benefit received is less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the value of the benefit received is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the value of the benefit received is $150,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsections (c) and (d) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that at the time of the offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the owner of the real property or nonpossessory interest in real property or the owner of the benefit was:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an elderly individual;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a disabled individual; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a nonprofit organization; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the real property was subject to a property tax exemption under Subchapter B, Chapter 11, Tax Code, as an individual's residence homestead as defined by Section 11.13(j), Tax Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (c), the market value of real property is the market value of that property for the tax year in which the offense was committed, as indicated on the appraisal roll for the appraisal district in which the property is located.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c31/s31.23/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 16 (S.B. 16), Sec. 9, eff. December 4, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32"> <num value="32">CHAPTER 32.</num> <heading>FRAUD</heading> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA"> <num value="A">SUBCHAPTER A.</num> <heading>GENERAL PROVISIONS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01"> <num value="32.01">Sec. 32.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Financial institution" means a bank, trust company, insurance company, credit union, building and loan association, savings and loan association, investment trust, investment company, or any other organization held out to the public as a place for deposit of funds or medium of savings or collective investment.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Property" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>real property;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>tangible or intangible personal property including anything severed from land; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a document, including money, that represents or embodies anything of value.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Service" includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>labor and professional service;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>telecommunication, public utility, and transportation service;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>lodging, restaurant service, and entertainment; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the supply of a motor vehicle or other property for use.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Steal" means to acquire property or service by theft.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.02"> <num value="32.02">Sec. 32.02.</num> <heading>VALUE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Subject to the additional criteria of Subsections (b) and (c), value under this chapter is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the fair market value of the property or service at the time and place of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>if the fair market value of the property cannot be ascertained, the cost of replacing the property within a reasonable time after the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>The value of documents, other than those having a readily ascertainable market value, is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the amount due and collectible at maturity less any part that has been satisfied, if the document constitutes evidence of a debt; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the greatest amount of economic loss that the owner might reasonably suffer by virtue of loss of the document, if the document is other than evidence of a debt.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If property or service has value that cannot be reasonably ascertained by the criteria set forth in Subsections (a) and (b), the property or service is deemed to have a value of $750 or more but less than $2,500.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If the actor proves by a preponderance of the evidence that he gave consideration for or had a legal interest in the property or service stolen, the amount of the consideration or the value of the interest so proven shall be deducted from the value of the property or service ascertained under Subsection (a), (b), or (c) to determine value for purposes of this chapter.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 14, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scA/s32.03"> <num value="32.03">Sec. 32.03.</num> <heading>AGGREGATION OF AMOUNTS INVOLVED IN FRAUD</heading> <content>When amounts are obtained in violation of this chapter pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, whether from the same or several sources, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the amounts aggregated in determining the grade of offense.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB"> <num value="B">SUBCHAPTER B.</num> <heading>FORGERY</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21"> <num value="32.21">Sec. 32.21.</num> <heading>FORGERY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Forge" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to alter, make, complete, execute, or authenticate any writing so that it purports:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>to be the act of another who did not authorize that act;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>to have been executed at a time or place or in a numbered sequence other than was in fact the case; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>to be a copy of an original when no such original existed;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to issue, transfer, register the transfer of, pass, publish, or otherwise utter a writing that is forged within the meaning of Paragraph (A); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>to possess a writing that is forged within the meaning of Paragraph (A) with intent to utter it in a manner specified in Paragraph (B).</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Writing" includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>printing or any other method of recording information;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>money, coins, tokens, stamps, seals, credit cards, badges, and trademarks; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>symbols of value, right, privilege, or identification.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he forges a writing with intent to defraud or harm another.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsections (d), (e), and (e-1), an offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Subject to Subsection (e-1), an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if the writing is or purports to be a will, codicil, deed, deed of trust, mortgage, security instrument, security agreement, credit card, check, authorization to debit an account at a financial institution, or similar sight order for payment of money, contract, release, or other commercial instrument.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>Subject to Subsection (e-1), an offense under this section is a felony of the second degree if the writing is or purports to be:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>part of an issue of money, securities, postage or revenue stamps;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a government record listed in Section 37.01(2)(C); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>other instruments issued by a state or national government or by a subdivision of either, or part of an issue of stock, bonds, or other instruments representing interests in or claims against another person.</content> <continuation>(e-1) If it is shown on the trial of an offense under this section that the actor engaged in the conduct to obtain or attempt to obtain a property or service, an offense under this section is:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the property or service is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the property or service is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the property or service is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the property or service is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the property or service is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the property or service is $150,000 or more.</content> <continuation>(e-2) Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, an offense under this section, other than an offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsection (e-1)(6), is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the offense was committed against an elderly individual as defined by Section 22.04.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>A person is presumed to intend to defraud or harm another if the person acts with respect to two or more writings of the same type and if each writing is a government record listed in Section 37.01(2)(C).</content> <continuation>(f-1) For purposes of Subsection (e-1), it is presumed that a person in possession of money that is forged within the meaning of Subsection (a)(1)(A) intended to obtain a property or service of a value equal to the total purported value of the forged money.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.21/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 113, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 189, Sec. 1, eff. May 21, 1997; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1104, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 670 (H.B. 2328), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 977 (H.B. 351), Sec. 25, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 132 (H.B. 1910), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 824 (S.B. 1379), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.22"> <num value="32.22">Sec. 32.22.</num> <heading>CRIMINAL SIMULATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.22/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to defraud or harm another:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.22/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>he makes or alters an object, in whole or in part, so that it appears to have value because of age, antiquity, rarity, source, or authorship that it does not have;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.22/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>he possesses an object so made or altered, with intent to sell, pass, or otherwise utter it; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.22/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>he authenticates or certifies an object so made or altered as genuine or as different from what it is.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.22/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23"> <num value="32.23">Sec. 32.23.</num> <heading>TRADEMARK COUNTERFEITING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Counterfeit mark" means a mark that is identical to or substantially indistinguishable from a protected mark the use or production of which is not authorized by the owner of the protected mark.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Identification mark" means a data plate, serial number, or part identification number.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Protected mark" means a trademark or service mark or an identification mark that is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>registered with the secretary of state;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>registered on the principal register of the United States Patent and Trademark Office;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>registered under the laws of another state; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>protected by Section 16.105, Business & Commerce Code, or by 36 U.S.C. Section 371 et seq.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Retail value" means the actor's regular selling price for a counterfeit mark or an item or service that bears or is identified by a counterfeit mark, except that if an item bearing a counterfeit mark is a component of a finished product, the retail value means the actor's regular selling price of the finished product on or in which the component is used, distributed, or sold.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Service mark" has the meaning assigned by Section 16.001, Business & Commerce Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Trademark" has the meaning assigned by Section 16.001, Business & Commerce Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally manufactures, displays, advertises, distributes, offers for sale, sells, or possesses with intent to sell or distribute a counterfeit mark or an item or service that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>bears or is identified by a counterfeit mark; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person knows or should have known bears or is identified by a counterfeit mark.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A state or federal certificate of registration of intellectual property is prima facie evidence of the facts stated in the certificate.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>For the purposes of Subsection (e), when items or services are the subject of counterfeiting in violation of this section pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the retail value of the items or services aggregated in determining the grade of offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>Class C misdemeanor if the retail value of the item or service is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>Class B misdemeanor if the retail value of the item or service is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>Class A misdemeanor if the retail value of the item or service is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>state jail felony if the retail value of the item or service is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>felony of the third degree if the retail value of the item or service is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>felony of the second degree if the retail value of the item or service is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.23/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>felony of the first degree if the retail value of the item or service is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1161, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 563 (H.B. 3141), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2012. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 15, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.24"> <num value="32.24">Sec. 32.24.</num> <heading>STEALING OR RECEIVING STOLEN CHECK OR SIMILAR SIGHT ORDER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.24/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person steals an unsigned check or similar sight order or, with knowledge that an unsigned check or similar sight order has been stolen, receives the check or sight order with intent to use it, to sell it, or to transfer it to a person other than the person from whom the check or sight order was stolen.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scB/s32.24/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1413, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 832 (S.B. 1451), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC"> <num value="C">SUBCHAPTER C.</num> <heading>CREDIT</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31"> <num value="32.31">Sec. 32.31.</num> <heading>CREDIT CARD OR DEBIT CARD ABUSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Cardholder" means the person named on the face of a credit card or debit card to whom or for whose benefit the card is issued.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Credit card" means an identification card, plate, coupon, book, number, or any other device authorizing a designated person or bearer to obtain property or services on credit. The term includes the number or description of the device if the device itself is not produced at the time of ordering or obtaining the property or service.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Expired credit card" means a credit card bearing an expiration date after that date has passed.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Debit card" means an identification card, plate, coupon, book, number, or any other device authorizing a designated person or bearer to communicate a request to an unmanned teller machine or a customer convenience terminal or obtain property or services by debit to an account at a financial institution. The term includes the number or description of the device if the device itself is not produced at the time of ordering or obtaining the benefit.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Expired debit card" means a debit card bearing as its expiration date a date that has passed.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Unmanned teller machine" means a machine, other than a telephone, capable of being operated by a customer, by which a customer may communicate to a financial institution a request to withdraw a benefit for himself or for another directly from the customer's account or from the customer's account under a line of credit previously authorized by the institution for the customer.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Customer convenience terminal" means an unmanned teller machine the use of which does not involve personnel of a financial institution.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>with intent to obtain a benefit fraudulently, he presents or uses a credit card or debit card with knowledge that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the card, whether or not expired, has not been issued to him and is not used with the effective consent of the cardholder; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the card has expired or has been revoked or cancelled;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>with intent to obtain a benefit, he uses a fictitious credit card or debit card or the pretended number or description of a fictitious card;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>he receives a benefit that he knows has been obtained in violation of this section;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>he steals a credit card or debit card or, with knowledge that it has been stolen, receives a credit card or debit card with intent to use it, to sell it, or to transfer it to a person other than the issuer or the cardholder;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>he buys a credit card or debit card from a person who he knows is not the issuer;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>not being the issuer, he sells a credit card or debit card;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>he uses or induces the cardholder to use the cardholder's credit card or debit card to obtain property or service for the actor's benefit for which the cardholder is financially unable to pay;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>not being the cardholder, and without the effective consent of the cardholder, he possesses a credit card or debit card with intent to use it;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>he possesses two or more incomplete credit cards or debit cards that have not been issued to him with intent to complete them without the effective consent of the issuer. For purposes of this subdivision, a card is incomplete if part of the matter that an issuer requires to appear on the card before it can be used, other than the signature of the cardholder, has not yet been stamped, embossed, imprinted, or written on it;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>being authorized by an issuer to furnish goods or services on presentation of a credit card or debit card, he, with intent to defraud the issuer or the cardholder, furnishes goods or services on presentation of a credit card or debit card obtained or retained in violation of this section or a credit card or debit card that is forged, expired, or revoked; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>being authorized by an issuer to furnish goods or services on presentation of a credit card or debit card, he, with intent to defraud the issuer or a cardholder, fails to furnish goods or services that he represents in writing to the issuer that he has furnished.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is presumed that a person who used a revoked, cancelled, or expired credit card or debit card had knowledge that the card had been revoked, cancelled, or expired if he had received notice of revocation, cancellation, or expiration from the issuer. For purposes of this section, notice may be either notice given orally in person or by telephone, or in writing by mail or by telegram. If written notice was sent by registered or certified mail with return receipt requested, or by telegram with report of delivery requested, addressed to the cardholder at the last address shown by the records of the issuer, it is presumed that the notice was received by the cardholder no later than five days after sent.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.31/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the offense was committed against an elderly individual as defined by Section 22.04.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1104, Sec. 2, 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1054 (H.B. 1323), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 670 (H.B. 2328), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315"> <num value="32.315">Sec. 32.315.</num> <heading>FRAUDULENT USE OR POSSESSION OF CREDIT CARD OR DEBIT CARD INFORMATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Counterfeit credit card or debit card" means a:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>credit card or debit card that:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>purports on its face to have been issued by an issuer that did not issue the card;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>has been altered to contain a digital imprint other than that which was placed on the card by the issuer;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>contains a digital imprint with account information or account holder information differing from that which is printed or embossed on the card; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>has been altered to change the account information or account holder information on the face of the card from that which was printed or embossed on the card by the issuer; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>card, other than one issued as a credit card or debit card, that has been altered to contain the digital imprint of a credit card or debit card.</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Credit card" and "debit card" have the meanings assigned by Section 32.31.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Digital imprint" means the digital data placed on a credit card or debit card or on a counterfeit credit card or debit card.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, with the intent to harm or defraud another, obtains, possesses, transfers, or uses:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a counterfeit credit card or debit card;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the number and expiration date of a credit card or debit card without the consent of the account holder; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the data stored on the digital imprint of a credit card or debit card without the consent of the account holder.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If an actor possessed five or more of an item described by Subsection (b)(2) or (3), a rebuttable presumption exists that the actor possessed each item without the consent of the account holder.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>The presumption established under Subsection (c) does not apply to a business or other commercial entity or a government agency that is engaged in a business activity or governmental function that does not violate a penal law of this state.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is less than five;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is five or more but less than 10;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is 10 or more but less than 50; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is 50 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>If a court orders a defendant convicted of an offense under this section to make restitution to a victim of the offense, the court may order the defendant to reimburse the victim for lost income or other expenses, other than attorney's fees, incurred as a result of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.315/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 832 (H.B. 2625), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32"> <num value="32.32">Sec. 32.32.</num> <heading>FALSE STATEMENT TO OBTAIN PROPERTY OR CREDIT OR IN THE PROVISION OF CERTAIN SERVICES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section, "credit" includes:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a loan of money;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>furnishing property or service on credit;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>extending the due date of an obligation;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>comaking, endorsing, or guaranteeing a note or other instrument for obtaining credit;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a line or letter of credit;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a credit card, as defined in Section 32.31 (Credit Card or Debit Card Abuse); and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a mortgage loan.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly makes a materially false or misleading written statement to obtain property or credit, including a mortgage loan.</content> <continuation>(b-1) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly makes a materially false or misleading written statement in providing an appraisal of real property for compensation.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the value of the property or the amount of credit is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the property or the amount of credit is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the property or the amount of credit is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the property or the amount of credit is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the property or the amount of credit is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the property or the amount of credit is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the property or the amount of credit is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>The following agencies shall assist a prosecuting attorney of the United States or of a county or judicial district of this state, a county or state law enforcement agency of this state, or a federal law enforcement agency in the investigation of an offense under this section involving a mortgage loan:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the office of the attorney general;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the Department of Public Safety;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the Texas Department of Insurance;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the Office of Consumer Credit Commissioner;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>the Texas Department of Banking;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>the credit union department;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>the Department of Savings and Mortgage Lending;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>the Texas Real Estate Commission;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>the Texas Appraiser Licensing and Certification Board; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>the Texas Department of Housing and Community Affairs.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.32/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to prosecute an offense under this section that involves a mortgage loan.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 14.50, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1245, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 285 (H.B. 716), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 709 (H.B. 2840), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 709 (H.B. 2840), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 16, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33"> <num value="32.33">Sec. 32.33.</num> <heading>HINDERING SECURED CREDITORS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Remove" means transport, without the effective consent of the secured party, from the state in which the property was located when the security interest or lien attached.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Security interest" means an interest in personal property or fixtures that secures payment or performance of an obligation.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person who has signed a security agreement creating a security interest in property or a mortgage or deed of trust creating a lien on property commits an offense if, with intent to hinder enforcement of that interest or lien, he destroys, removes, conceals, encumbers, or otherwise harms or reduces the value of the property.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section, a person is presumed to have intended to hinder enforcement of the security interest or lien if, when any part of the debt secured by the security interest or lien was due, he failed:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>to pay the part then due; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>if the secured party had made demand, to deliver possession of the secured property to the secured party.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (b) is a:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>Class C misdemeanor if the value of the property destroyed, removed, concealed, encumbered, or otherwise harmed or reduced in value is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>Class B misdemeanor if the value of the property destroyed, removed, concealed, encumbered, or otherwise harmed or reduced in value is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>Class A misdemeanor if the value of the property destroyed, removed, concealed, encumbered, or otherwise harmed or reduced in value is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>state jail felony if the value of the property destroyed, removed, concealed, encumbered, or otherwise harmed or reduced in value is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>felony of the third degree if the value of the property destroyed, removed, concealed, encumbered, or otherwise harmed or reduced in value is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>felony of the second degree if the value of the property destroyed, removed, concealed, encumbered, or otherwise harmed or reduced in value is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>felony of the first degree if the value of the property destroyed, removed, concealed, encumbered, or otherwise harmed or reduced in value is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>A person who is a debtor under a security agreement, and who does not have a right to sell or dispose of the secured property or is required to account to the secured party for the proceeds of a permitted sale or disposition, commits an offense if the person sells or otherwise disposes of the secured property, or does not account to the secured party for the proceeds of a sale or other disposition as required, with intent to appropriate (as defined in Chapter 31) the proceeds or value of the secured property. A person is presumed to have intended to appropriate proceeds if the person does not deliver the proceeds to the secured party or account to the secured party for the proceeds before the 11th day after the day that the secured party makes a lawful demand for the proceeds or account. An offense under this subsection is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the proceeds obtained from the sale or other disposition are money or goods having a value of less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the proceeds obtained from the sale or other disposition are money or goods having a value of $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the proceeds obtained from the sale or other disposition are money or goods having a value of $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the proceeds obtained from the sale or other disposition are money or goods having a value of $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the proceeds obtained from the sale or other disposition are money or goods having a value of $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the proceeds obtained from the sale or other disposition are money or goods having a value of $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.33/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the proceeds obtained from the sale or other disposition are money or goods having a value of $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 501, ch. 232, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 914, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 17, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34"> <num value="32.34">Sec. 32.34.</num> <heading>FRAUDULENT TRANSFER OF A MOTOR VEHICLE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Lease" means the grant of use and possession of a motor vehicle for consideration, whether or not the grant includes an option to buy the vehicle.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Motor vehicle" means a device in, on, or by which a person or property is or may be transported or drawn on a highway, except a device used exclusively on stationary rails or tracks.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Security interest" means an interest in personal property or fixtures that secures payment or performance of an obligation.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Third party" means a person other than the actor or the owner of the vehicle.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Transfer" means to transfer possession, whether or not another right is also transferred, by means of a sale, lease, sublease, lease assignment, or other property transfer.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person acquires, accepts possession of, or exercises control over the motor vehicle of another under a written or oral agreement to arrange for the transfer of the vehicle to a third party and:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>knowing the vehicle is subject to a security interest, lease, or lien, the person transfers the vehicle to a third party without first obtaining written authorization from the vehicle's secured creditor, lessor, or lienholder;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>intending to defraud or harm the vehicle's owner, the person transfers the vehicle to a third party;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>intending to defraud or harm the vehicle's owner, the person disposes of the vehicle in a manner other than by transfer to a third party; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the person does not disclose the location of the vehicle on the request of the vehicle's owner, secured creditor, lessor, or lienholder.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>For the purposes of Subsection (b)(2), the actor is presumed to have intended to defraud or harm the motor vehicle's owner if the actor does not take reasonable steps to determine whether or not the third party is financially able to pay for the vehicle.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(1) that the entire indebtedness secured by or owed under the security interest, lease, or lien is paid or satisfied in full not later than the 30th day after the date that the transfer was made.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is not a defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(1) that the motor vehicle's owner has violated a contract creating a security interest, lease, or lien in the motor vehicle.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the motor vehicle is less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the motor vehicle is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the motor vehicle is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the motor vehicle is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.34/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b)(4) is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 954, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Renumbered from Penal Code, Sec. 32.36 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 18, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35"> <num value="32.35">Sec. 32.35.</num> <heading>CREDIT CARD TRANSACTION RECORD LAUNDERING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Agent" means a person authorized to act on behalf of another and includes an employee.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Authorized vendor" means a person authorized by a creditor to furnish property, service, or anything else of value upon presentation of a credit card by a cardholder.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Cardholder" means the person named on the face of a credit card to whom or for whose benefit the credit card is issued, and includes the named person's agents.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Credit card" means an identification card, plate, coupon, book, number, or any other device authorizing a designated person or bearer to obtain property or services on credit. It includes the number or description on the device if the device itself is not produced at the time of ordering or obtaining the property or service.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Creditor" means a person licensed under Chapter 342, Finance Code, a bank, savings and loan association, credit union, or other regulated financial institution that lends money or otherwise extends credit to a cardholder through a credit card and that authorizes other persons to honor the credit card.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person is an authorized vendor who, with intent to defraud the creditor or cardholder, presents to a creditor, for payment, a credit card transaction record of a sale that was not made by the authorized vendor or the vendor's agent.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, without the creditor's authorization, the person employs, solicits, or otherwise causes an authorized vendor or the vendor's agent to present to a creditor, for payment, a credit card transaction record of a sale that was not made by the authorized vendor or the vendor's agent.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is presumed that a person is not the agent of an authorized vendor if a fee is paid or offered to be paid by the person to the authorized vendor in connection with the vendor's presentment to a creditor of a credit card transaction record.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>Class C misdemeanor if the amount of the record of a sale is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>Class B misdemeanor if the amount of the record of a sale is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>Class A misdemeanor if the amount of the record of a sale is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>state jail felony if the amount of the record of a sale is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>felony of the third degree if the amount of the record of a sale is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>felony of the second degree if the amount of the record of a sale is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scC/s32.35/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>felony of the first degree if the amount of the record of a sale is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 792, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 26, 1991. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 32.37 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1396, Sec. 38, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 7.83, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 19, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD"> <num value="D">SUBCHAPTER D.</num> <heading>OTHER DECEPTIVE PRACTICES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41"> <num value="32.41">Sec. 32.41.</num> <heading>ISSUANCE OF BAD CHECK OR SIMILAR SIGHT ORDER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he issues or passes a check or similar sight order for the payment of money knowing that the issuer does not have sufficient funds in or on deposit with the bank or other drawee for the payment in full of the check or order as well as all other checks or orders outstanding at the time of issuance.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>This section does not prevent the prosecution from establishing the required knowledge by direct evidence; however, for purposes of this section, the issuer's knowledge of insufficient funds is presumed (except in the case of a postdated check or order) if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>he had no account with the bank or other drawee at the time he issued the check or order; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>payment was refused by the bank or other drawee for lack of funds or insufficient funds on presentation within 30 days after issue and the issuer failed to pay the holder in full within 10 days after receiving notice of that refusal.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Notice for purposes of Subsection (b)(2) may be actual notice or notice in writing that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>is sent by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>first class mail, evidenced by an affidavit of service; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>registered or certified mail with return receipt requested;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>is addressed to the issuer at the issuer's address shown on:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the check or order;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the records of the bank or other drawee; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the records of the person to whom the check or order has been issued or passed; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>contains the following statement:</content> <continuation>"This is a demand for payment in full for a check or order not paid because of a lack of funds or insufficient funds. If you fail to make payment in full within 10 days after the date of receipt of this notice, the failure to pay creates a presumption for committing an offense, and this matter may be referred for criminal prosecution."</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If notice is given in accordance with Subsection (c), it is presumed that the notice was received no later than five days after it was sent.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>A person charged with an offense under this section may make restitution for the bad checks or sight orders. Restitution shall be made through the prosecutor's office if collection and processing were initiated through that office. In other cases restitution may be, with the approval of the court in which the offense is filed:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>made through the court; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>collected by a law enforcement agency if a peace officer of that agency executes a warrant against the person charged with the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, an offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor. If the check or similar sight order that was issued or passed was for a child support payment the obligation for which is established under a court order, the offense is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.41/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>An offense under this section is not a lesser included offense of an offense under Section 31.03 or 31.04.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5050, ch. 911, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 687, Sec. 2, eff. June 18, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1038, Sec. 1, eff. June 16, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 753, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 702, Sec. 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 976 (S.B. 548), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1393 (H.B. 485), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 128 (S.B. 821), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 128 (S.B. 821), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2013.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42"> <num value="32.42">Sec. 32.42.</num> <heading>DECEPTIVE BUSINESS PRACTICES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Adulterated" means varying from the standard of composition or quality prescribed by law or set by established commercial usage.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Business" includes trade and commerce and advertising, selling, and buying service or property.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Commodity" means any tangible or intangible personal property.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Contest" includes sweepstake, puzzle, and game of chance.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>"Deceptive sales contest" means a sales contest:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>that misrepresents the participant's chance of winning a prize;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>that fails to disclose to participants on a conspicuously displayed permanent poster (if the contest is conducted by or through a retail outlet) or on each card game piece, entry blank, or other paraphernalia required for participation in the contest (if the contest is not conducted by or through a retail outlet):</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the geographical area or number of outlets in which the contest is to be conducted;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>an accurate description of each type of prize;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>the minimum number and minimum amount of cash prizes; and</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>the minimum number of each other type of prize; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>that is manipulated or rigged so that prizes are given to predetermined persons or retail establishments. A sales contest is not deceptive if the total value of prizes to each retail outlet is in a uniform ratio to the number of game pieces distributed to that outlet.</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Mislabeled" means varying from the standard of truth or disclosure in labeling prescribed by law or set by established commercial usage.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Prize" includes gift, discount, coupon, certificate, gratuity, and any other thing of value awarded in a sales contest.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Sales contest" means a contest in connection with the sale of a commodity or service by which a person may, as determined by drawing, guessing, matching, or chance, receive a prize and which is not regulated by the rules of a federal regulatory agency.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>"Sell" and "sale" include offer for sale, advertise for sale, expose for sale, keep for the purpose of sale, deliver for or after sale, solicit and offer to buy, and every disposition for value.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if in the course of business he intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence commits one or more of the following deceptive business practices:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>using, selling, or possessing for use or sale a false weight or measure, or any other device for falsely determining or recording any quality or quantity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>selling less than the represented quantity of a property or service;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>taking more than the represented quantity of property or service when as a buyer the actor furnishes the weight or measure;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>selling an adulterated or mislabeled commodity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>passing off property or service as that of another;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>representing that a commodity is original or new if it is deteriorated, altered, rebuilt, reconditioned, reclaimed, used, or secondhand;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>representing that a commodity or service is of a particular style, grade, or model if it is of another;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <chapeau>advertising property or service with intent:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>not to sell it as advertised, or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>not to supply reasonably expectable public demand, unless the advertising adequately discloses a time or quantity limit;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>representing the price of property or service falsely or in a way tending to mislead;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>making a materially false or misleading statement of fact concerning the reason for, existence of, or amount of a price or price reduction;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>conducting a deceptive sales contest; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <chapeau>making a materially false or misleading statement:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>in an advertisement for the purchase or sale of property or service; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>otherwise in connection with the purchase or sale of property or service.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsections (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3), (b)(4), (b)(5), and (b)(6) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the actor commits an offense with criminal negligence and if he has not previously been convicted of a deceptive business practice; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the actor commits an offense intentionally, knowingly, recklessly or if he has been previously convicted of a Class B or C misdemeanor under this section.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.42/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsections (b)(7), (b)(8), (b)(9), (b)(10), (b)(11), and (b)(12) is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 1350, ch. 508, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43"> <num value="32.43">Sec. 32.43.</num> <heading>COMMERCIAL BRIBERY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Beneficiary" means a person for whom a fiduciary is acting.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Fiduciary" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an agent or employee;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a trustee, guardian, custodian, administrator, executor, conservator, receiver, or similar fiduciary;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a lawyer, physician, accountant, appraiser, or other professional advisor; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>an officer, director, partner, manager, or other participant in the direction of the affairs of a corporation or association.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person who is a fiduciary commits an offense if, without the consent of his beneficiary, he intentionally or knowingly solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit from another person on agreement or understanding that the benefit will influence the conduct of the fiduciary in relation to the affairs of his beneficiary.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he offers, confers, or agrees to confer any benefit the acceptance of which is an offense under Subsection (b).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.43/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>In lieu of a fine that is authorized by Subsection (d), and in addition to the imprisonment that is authorized by that subsection, if the court finds that an individual who is a fiduciary gained a benefit through the commission of an offense under Subsection (b), the court may sentence the individual to pay a fine in an amount fixed by the court, not to exceed double the value of the benefit gained. This subsection does not affect the application of Section 12.51(c) to an offense under this section committed by a corporation, an association, a limited liability company, or another business entity, as defined by Section 7.21.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 1942, ch. 357, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 112 (S.B. 1258), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.44"> <num value="32.44">Sec. 32.44.</num> <heading>RIGGING PUBLICLY EXHIBITED CONTEST</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.44/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to affect the outcome (including the score) of a publicly exhibited contest:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.44/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>he offers, confers, or agrees to confer any benefit on, or threatens harm to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.44/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a participant in the contest to induce him not to use his best efforts; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.44/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an official or other person associated with the contest; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.44/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>he tampers with a person, animal, or thing in a manner contrary to the rules of the contest.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.44/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit the conferring of which is an offense under Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.44/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441"> <num value="32.441">Sec. 32.441.</num> <heading>ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT OF AN ATHLETE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, without the consent of the governing body or a designee of the governing body of an institution of higher education, the person intentionally or knowingly solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit from another on an agreement or understanding that the benefit will influence the conduct of the person in enrolling in the institution and participating in intercollegiate athletics.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he offers, confers, or agrees to confer any benefit the acceptance of which is an offense under Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is an exception to prosecution under this section that the person offering, conferring, or agreeing to confer a benefit and the person soliciting, accepting, or agreeing to accept a benefit are related within the second degree of consanguinity or affinity, as determined under Chapter 573, Government Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is an exception to prosecution under Subsection (a) that, not later than the 60th day after the date the person accepted or agreed to accept a benefit, the person contacted a law enforcement agency and furnished testimony or evidence about the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>Class C misdemeanor if the value of the benefit is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>Class B misdemeanor if the value of the benefit is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>Class A misdemeanor if the value of the benefit is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>state jail felony if the value of the benefit is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>felony of the third degree if the value of the benefit is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>felony of the second degree if the value of the benefit is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.441/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>felony of the first degree if the value of the benefit is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 125, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 561, Sec. 41, eff. Aug. 26, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 5.95(27), eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 20, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45"> <num value="32.45">Sec. 32.45.</num> <heading>MISAPPLICATION OF FIDUCIARY PROPERTY OR PROPERTY OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Fiduciary" includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a trustee, guardian, administrator, executor, conservator, and receiver;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an attorney in fact or agent appointed under a durable power of attorney as provided by Subtitle P, Title 2, Estates Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>any other person acting in a fiduciary capacity, but not a commercial bailee unless the commercial bailee is a party in a motor fuel sales agreement with a distributor or supplier, as those terms are defined by Section 162.001, Tax Code; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>an officer, manager, employee, or agent carrying on fiduciary functions on behalf of a fiduciary.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Misapply" means deal with property contrary to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an agreement under which the fiduciary holds the property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a law prescribing the custody or disposition of the property.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly misapplies property he holds as a fiduciary or property of a financial institution in a manner that involves substantial risk of loss to the owner of the property or to a person for whose benefit the property is held.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the value of the property misapplied is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the property misapplied is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the property misapplied is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the property misapplied is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the property misapplied is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the property misapplied is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the property misapplied is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsections (c)(1)-(6) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the offense was committed against an elderly individual as defined by Section 22.04.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.45/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to prosecute an offense under this section that involves the state Medicaid program.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 565, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1036, Sec. 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1047, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 198, Sec. 2.137, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 257, Sec. 14, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 432, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728 (H.B. 2018), Sec. 23.001(77), eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 128 (S.B. 821), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 22.057, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46"> <num value="32.46">Sec. 32.46.</num> <heading>FRAUDULENT SECURING OF DOCUMENT EXECUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, with the intent to defraud or harm any person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>causes another person, without that person's effective consent, to sign or execute any document affecting property or service or the pecuniary interest of any person; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>causes a public servant, without the public servant's effective consent, to file or record any purported judgment or other document purporting to memorialize or evidence an act, an order, a directive, or process of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a purported court that is not expressly created or established under the constitution or the laws of this state or of the United States;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a purported judicial entity that is not expressly created or established under the constitution or laws of this state or of the United States; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a purported judicial officer of a purported court or purported judicial entity described by Paragraph (A) or (B).</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>Class C misdemeanor if the value of the property, service, or pecuniary interest is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>Class B misdemeanor if the value of the property, service, or pecuniary interest is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>Class A misdemeanor if the value of the property, service, or pecuniary interest is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>state jail felony if the value of the property, service, or pecuniary interest is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>felony of the third degree if the value of the property, service, or pecuniary interest is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>felony of the second degree if the value of the property, service, or pecuniary interest is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>felony of the first degree if the value of the property, service, or pecuniary interest is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a state jail felony.</content> <continuation>(c-1) An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsections (b)(1)-(6) and (c) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the offense was committed against an elderly individual as defined by Section 22.04 or involves the state Medicaid program.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Deception" has the meaning assigned by Section 31.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Document" includes electronically stored data or other information that is retrievable in a readable, perceivable form.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Effective consent" includes consent by a person legally authorized to act for the owner. Consent is not effective if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>induced by deception or coercion;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>given by a person who by reason of youth, mental disease or defect, or intoxication is known by the actor to be unable to make reasonable property dispositions; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>given by a person who by reason of advanced age is known by the actor to have a diminished capacity to make informed and rational decisions about the reasonable disposition of property.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.46/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to prosecute an offense under this section that involves the state Medicaid program.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 189, Sec. 2, eff. May 21, 1997; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 198, Sec. 2.138, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 257, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 432, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 127 (S.B. 1694), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 22, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 837 (S.B. 109), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 837 (S.B. 109), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 837 (S.B. 109), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47"> <num value="32.47">Sec. 32.47.</num> <heading>FRAUDULENT DESTRUCTION, REMOVAL, OR CONCEALMENT OF WRITING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent to defraud or harm another, he destroys, removes, conceals, alters, substitutes, or otherwise impairs the verity, legibility, or availability of a writing, other than a governmental record.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section, "writing" includes:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>printing or any other method of recording information;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>money, coins, tokens, stamps, seals, credit cards, badges, trademarks;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>symbols of value, right, privilege, or identification; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>universal product codes, labels, price tags, or markings on goods.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, provided that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the writing is not attached to tangible property to indicate the price for the sale of that property; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor did not engage in the conduct described by Subsection (a) with respect to that writing for the purpose of obtaining the property for a lesser price indicated by a separate writing.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a state jail felony if the writing:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is a will or codicil of another, whether or not the maker is alive or dead and whether or not it has been admitted to probate; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is a deed, mortgage, deed of trust, security instrument, security agreement, or other writing for which the law provides public recording or filing, whether or not the writing has been acknowledged.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>If at the time of the offense the writing was attached to tangible property to indicate the price for the sale of that property and the actor engaged in the conduct described by Subsection (a) with respect to that writing for the purpose of obtaining the property for a lesser price indicated by a separate writing, an offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the difference between the impaired writing and the lesser price indicated by the other writing is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the difference between the impaired writing and the lesser price indicated by the other writing is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the difference between the impaired writing and the lesser price indicated by the other writing is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the difference between the impaired writing and the lesser price indicated by the other writing is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the difference between the impaired writing and the lesser price indicated by the other writing is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the difference between the impaired writing and the lesser price indicated by the other writing is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.47/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the difference between the impaired writing and the lesser price indicated by the other writing is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 21, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 215 (H.B. 427), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48"> <num value="32.48">Sec. 32.48.</num> <heading>SIMULATING LEGAL PROCESS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person recklessly causes to be delivered to another any document that simulates a summons, complaint, judgment, or other court process with the intent to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>induce payment of a claim from another person; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>cause another to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>submit to the putative authority of the document; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>take any action or refrain from taking any action in response to the document, in compliance with the document, or on the basis of the document.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Proof that the document was mailed to any person with the intent that it be forwarded to the intended recipient is a sufficient showing that the document was delivered.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that the simulating document:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>states that it is not legal process; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>purports to have been issued or authorized by a person or entity who did not have lawful authority to issue or authorize the document.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If it is shown on the trial of an offense under this section that the simulating document was filed with, presented to, or delivered to a clerk of a court or an employee of a clerk of a court created or established under the constitution or laws of this state, there is a rebuttable presumption that the document was delivered with the intent described by Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (f), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.48/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>If it is shown on the trial of an offense under this section that the defendant has previously been convicted of a violation of this section, the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 189, Sec. 3, eff. May 21, 1997.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.49"> <num value="32.49">Sec. 32.49.</num> <heading>REFUSAL TO EXECUTE RELEASE OF FRAUDULENT LIEN OR CLAIM</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.49/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to defraud or harm another, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.49/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>owns, holds, or is the beneficiary of a purported lien or claim asserted against real or personal property or an interest in real or personal property that is fraudulent, as described by Section 51.901(c), Government Code; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.49/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>not later than the 21st day after the date of receipt of actual or written notice sent by either certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, to the person's last known address, or by telephonic document transfer to the recipient's current telecopier number, requesting the execution of a release of the fraudulent lien or claim, refuses to execute the release on the request of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.49/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the obligor or debtor; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.49/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>any person who owns any interest in the real or personal property described in the document or instrument that is the basis for the lien or claim.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.49/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person who fails to execute a release of the purported lien or claim within the period prescribed by Subsection (a)(2) is presumed to have had the intent to harm or defraud another.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.49/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if the owner of the real or personal property subject to the fraudulent lien or claim is a person the actor knows is a public servant.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 189, Sec. 4, eff. May 21, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 470 (H.B. 4996), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50"> <num value="32.50">Sec. 32.50.</num> <heading>DECEPTIVE PREPARATION AND MARKETING OF ACADEMIC PRODUCT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Academic product" means a term paper, thesis, dissertation, essay, report, recording, work of art, or other written, recorded, pictorial, or artistic product or material submitted or intended to be submitted by a person to satisfy an academic requirement of the person.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Academic requirement" means a requirement or prerequisite to receive course credit or to complete a course of study or degree, diploma, or certificate program at an institution of higher education.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Institution of higher education" means an institution of higher education or private or independent institution of higher education as those terms are defined by Section 61.003, Education Code, or a private postsecondary educational institution as that term is defined by Section 61.302, Education Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent to make a profit, the person prepares, sells, offers or advertises for sale, or delivers to another person an academic product when the person knows, or should reasonably have known, that a person intends to submit or use the academic product to satisfy an academic requirement of a person other than the person who prepared the product.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent to induce another person to enter into an agreement or obligation to obtain or have prepared an academic product, the person knowingly makes or disseminates a written or oral statement that the person will prepare or cause to be prepared an academic product to be sold for use in satisfying an academic requirement of a person other than the person who prepared the product.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor's conduct consisted solely of action taken as an employee of an institution of higher education in providing instruction, counseling, or tutoring in research or writing to students of the institution.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor's conduct consisted solely of offering or providing tutorial or editing assistance to another person in connection with the other person's preparation of an academic product to satisfy the other person's academic requirement, and the actor does not offer or provide substantial preparation, writing, or research in the production of the academic product.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor's conduct consisted solely of typing, transcribing, or reproducing a manuscript for a fee, or of offering to do so.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.50/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 730, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 32.49 by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 19.01(87), (88), eff. Sept. 1, 1999.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51"> <num value="32.51">Sec. 32.51.</num> <heading>FRAUDULENT USE OR POSSESSION OF IDENTIFYING INFORMATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Identifying information" means information that alone or in conjunction with other information identifies a person, including a person's:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>name and date of birth;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>unique biometric data, including the person's fingerprint, voice print, or retina or iris image;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>unique electronic identification number, address, routing code, or financial institution account number;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>telecommunication identifying information or access device; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>social security number or other government-issued identification number.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Telecommunication access device" means a card, plate, code, account number, personal identification number, electronic serial number, mobile identification number, or other telecommunications service, equipment, or instrument identifier or means of account access that alone or in conjunction with another telecommunication access device may be used to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>obtain money, goods, services, or other thing of value; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>initiate a transfer of funds other than a transfer originated solely by paper instrument.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, with the intent to harm or defraud another, obtains, possesses, transfers, or uses an item of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>identifying information of another person without the other person's consent or effective consent;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>information concerning a deceased natural person, including a stillborn infant or fetus, that would be identifying information of that person were that person alive, if the item of information is obtained, possessed, transferred, or used without legal authorization; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>identifying information of a child younger than 18 years of age.</content> <continuation>(b-1) For the purposes of Subsection (b), the actor is presumed to have the intent to harm or defraud another if the actor possesses:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the identifying information of three or more other persons;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>information described by Subsection (b)(2) concerning three or more deceased persons; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>information described by Subdivision (1) or (2) concerning three or more persons or deceased persons.</content> <continuation>(b-2) The presumption established under Subsection (b-1) does not apply to a business or other commercial entity or a government agency that is engaged in a business activity or governmental function that does not violate a penal law of this state.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is less than five;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is five or more but less than 10;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is 10 or more but less than 50; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the number of items obtained, possessed, transferred, or used is 50 or more.</content> <continuation>(c-1) An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsections (c)(1)-(3) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the offense was committed against an elderly individual as defined by Section 22.04; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor fraudulently used identifying information with the intent to facilitate an offense under Article 62.102, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If a court orders a defendant convicted of an offense under this section to make restitution to the victim of the offense, the court may order the defendant to reimburse the victim for lost income or other expenses, other than attorney's fees, incurred as a result of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.51/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1159, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1104, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 631 (H.B. 649), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1163 (H.B. 126), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1173 (H.B. 460), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1173 (H.B. 460), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 19.002, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 670 (H.B. 2328), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 276 (H.B. 1529), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 362 (H.B. 2637), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 319 (H.B. 2697), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52"> <num value="32.52">Sec. 32.52.</num> <heading>FRAUDULENT, SUBSTANDARD, OR FICTITIOUS DEGREE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "fraudulent or substandard degree" has the meaning assigned by Section 61.302, Education Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>uses or claims to hold a postsecondary degree that the person knows:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is a fraudulent or substandard degree;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is fictitious or has otherwise not been granted to the person; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>has been revoked; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>uses or claims to hold that degree:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>in a written or oral advertisement or other promotion of a business; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>with the intent to:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>obtain employment;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>obtain a license or certificate to practice a trade, profession, or occupation;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>obtain a promotion, a compensation or other benefit, or an increase in compensation or other benefit, in employment or in the practice of a trade, profession, or occupation;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>obtain admission to an educational program in this state; or</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <content>gain a position in government with authority over another person, regardless of whether the actor receives compensation for the position.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.52/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1039 (H.B. 1173), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2005.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.53"> <num value="32.53">Sec. 32.53.</num> <heading>EXPLOITATION OF CHILD, ELDERLY INDIVIDUAL, OR DISABLED INDIVIDUAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.53/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.53/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child," "elderly individual," and "disabled individual" have the meanings assigned by Section 22.04.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.53/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Exploitation" means the illegal or improper use of a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual or of the resources of a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual for monetary or personal benefit, profit, or gain.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.53/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causes the exploitation of a child, elderly individual, or disabled individual.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.53/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.53/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A person who is subject to prosecution under both this section and another section of this code may be prosecuted under either or both sections. Section 3.04 does not apply to criminal episodes prosecuted under both this section and another section of this code. If a criminal episode is prosecuted under both this section and another section of this code and sentences are assessed for convictions under both sections, the sentences shall run concurrently.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.53/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to prosecute an offense under this section that involves the Medicaid program.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54"> <num value="32.54">Sec. 32.54.</num> <heading>FRAUDULENT OR FICTITIOUS MILITARY RECORD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Military record" means an enlistment record, occupation specialty, medal, award, decoration, or certification obtained by a person through the person's service in the armed forces of the United States or the state military forces.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"State military forces" has the meaning assigned by Section 437.001, Government Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>uses or claims to hold a military record that the person knows:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is fraudulent;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is fictitious or has otherwise not been granted or assigned to the person; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>has been revoked; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>uses or claims to hold that military record:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>in a written or oral advertisement or other promotion of a business; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>with the intent to:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>obtain priority in receiving services or resources under Subchapter G, Chapter 302, Labor Code;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>qualify for a military employment preference under Chapter 657, Government Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>obtain a license or certificate to practice a trade, profession, or occupation;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>obtain a promotion, compensation, or other benefit, or an increase in compensation or other benefit, in employment or in the practice of a trade, profession, or occupation;</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/v"> <num value="v">(v)</num> <chapeau>obtain a benefit, service, or donation from another person;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/vi"> <num value="vi">(vi)</num> <content>obtain admission to an educational program in this state; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/vii"> <num value="vii">(vii)</num> <content>gain a position in state government with authority over another person, regardless of whether the actor receives compensation for the position.</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.54/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 386 (S.B. 431), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1217 (S.B. 1536), Sec. 3.19, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 6 (S.B. 835), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1100 (S.B. 1376), Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55"> <num value="32.55">Sec. 32.55.</num> <heading>FINANCIAL ABUSE OF ELDERLY INDIVIDUAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Elderly individual" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.04.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Financial abuse" means the wrongful taking, appropriation, obtaining, retention, or use of, or assisting in the wrongful taking, appropriation, obtaining, retention, or use of, money or other property of another person by any means, including by exerting undue influence. The term includes financial exploitation.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Financial exploitation" means the wrongful taking, appropriation, obtaining, retention, or use of money or other property of another person by a person who has a relationship of confidence or trust with the other person. Financial exploitation may involve coercion, manipulation, threats, intimidation, misrepresentation, or the exerting of undue influence. The term includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the breach of a fiduciary relationship, including the misuse of a durable power of attorney or the abuse of guardianship powers, that results in the unauthorized appropriation, sale, or transfer of another person's property;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the unauthorized taking of personal assets;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the misappropriation, misuse, or unauthorized transfer of another person's money from a personal or a joint account; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the knowing or intentional failure to effectively use another person's income and assets for the necessities required for the person's support and maintenance.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of Subsection (a)(3), a person has a relationship of confidence or trust with another person if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is a parent, spouse, adult child, or other relative by blood or marriage of the other person;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is a joint tenant or tenant in common with the other person;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>has a legal or fiduciary relationship with the other person;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>is a financial planner or investment professional who provides services to the other person; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>is a paid or unpaid caregiver of the other person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly engages in the financial abuse of an elderly individual.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is $150,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A person who is subject to prosecution under both this section and another section of this code may be prosecuted under either section or both sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.55/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>There is a rebuttable presumption that any transfer, appropriation, or use of an elderly individual's money or other property by a person described by Subsection (b)(5) is wrongful for purposes of Subsection (a)(2) or (3) if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor knew or should have known that, at the time of the offense, the elderly individual had been diagnosed with dementia, Alzheimer's disease, or a related disorder.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 456 (H.B. 1156), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1076 (S.B. 576), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.56"> <num value="32.56">Sec. 32.56.</num> <heading></heading> <content>Text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 19 (S.B. 1809), Sec. 1</content> <sourceCredit>For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 814 (S.B. 1281), Sec. 3, see other Sec. 32.56. For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 817 (S.B. 1333), Sec. 2, see other Sec. 32.56. For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1154 (S.B. 2373), Sec. 2, see other Sec. 32.56. Sec. 32.56. FRAUDULENT USE, POSSESSION, OR TAMPERING WITH GIFT CARD, GIFT CARD PACKAGING, OR GIFT CARD DATA OR REDEMPTION INFORMATION. (a) In this section: (1) "Cardholder" means a person to whom a physical or virtual gift card is given or any person who purchased the gift card. (2) "Card issuer" means any person that issues a gift card or the agent of that person with respect to the card. (3) "Counterfeit gift card" means a gift card that: (A) purports on the front or back of the card to have been issued by an issuer that did not issue the card; (B) has been altered to contain a digital imprint other than that which was placed on the card by the issuer; (C) contains a digital imprint with account or other information differing from that which is printed or embossed on the card by the issuer; or (D) has been altered to change the account or other information, including an image or code, on the front or back of the card from that which was printed or embossed on the card by the issuer. (4) "Digital imprint" means the digital data placed on a gift card's magnetic strip or chip. (5) "Gift card" means a card, code, or device that is issued to a consumer on a prepaid basis in a specified amount and redeemable upon presentation for the purchase of goods or services and that is either activated or inactivated. (6) "Gift card redemption information" means information unique to each gift card that allows the cardholder to access, transfer, or spend funds on the gift card. (7) "Gift card seller" means a merchant engaged in the business of selling gift cards to consumers. (b) A person commits an offense if the person, with the intent to harm or defraud another: (1) acquires or retains possession of a gift card, a digital imprint, or gift card redemption information without the consent of the cardholder, card issuer, or gift card seller; (2) alters or tampers with a gift card or gift card packaging; (3) possesses, transports, uses, or attempts to use a gift card, a digital imprint, or gift card redemption information to obtain goods, services, or anything else of value with knowledge that the gift card is a counterfeit gift card or that the gift card, digital imprint, or gift card redemption information has been obtained in violation of Subdivision (1); or (4) transports an unactivated gift card into a retail location that sells gift cards and places or attempts to place the gift card on a gift card rack, kiosk, or other display in a manner that would entice the public to purchase the gift card. (c) If an actor possesses three or more gift cards, counterfeit gift cards, or digital imprints or the gift card redemption information obtained from three or more gift cards, a rebuttable presumption exists that the actor possesses each item without the consent of the cardholder, card issuer, or gift card seller. (d) The presumption established under Subsection (c) does not apply to a business or other commercial entity or a governmental agency that is engaged in a business activity or governmental function that does not violate a penal law of this state. (e) An offense under this section is: (1) a state jail felony if the actor engaged in conduct described by Subsection (b) with respect to fewer than five unactivated gift cards, counterfeit gift cards, or digital imprints or gift card redemption information of gift cards; (2) a felony of the third degree if the actor engaged in conduct described by Subsection (b) with respect to 5 or more but fewer than 10 unactivated gift cards, counterfeit gift cards, or digital imprints or gift card redemption information of gift cards; (3) a felony of the second degree if the actor engaged in conduct described by Subsection (b) with respect to 10 or more but fewer than 50 unactivated gift cards, counterfeit gift cards, or digital imprints or gift card redemption information of gift cards; or (4) a felony of the first degree if the actor engaged in conduct described by Subsection (b) with respect to 50 or more unactivated gift cards, counterfeit gift cards, or digital imprints or gift card redemption information of gift cards. (f) If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both. Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 19 (S.B. 1809), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.56"> <num value="32.56">Sec. 32.56.</num> <heading></heading> <content>Text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 814 (S.B. 1281), Sec. 3</content> <sourceCredit>For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 19 (S.B. 1809), Sec. 1, see other Sec. 32.56. For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 817 (S.B. 1333), Sec. 2, see other Sec. 32.56. For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1154 (S.B. 2373), Sec. 2, see other Sec. 32.56. Sec. 32.56. UNLAWFUL CONDUCT INVOLVING MAIL RECEPTACLE KEY OR LOCK. (a) In this section: (1) "Mail" has the meaning assigned by Section 31.20. (2) "Postal service" means: (A) the United States Postal Service or a contractor of the United States Postal Service; or (B) any commercial courier that delivers mail. (b) A person commits an offense if, with the intent to harm or defraud another or to deprive another of that person's property, the person obtains, possesses, duplicates, transfers, or uses a key or lock adopted by a postal service for any box or other authorized receptacle for the deposit or delivery of mail. (c) An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor has been previously convicted of an offense under this section. Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 814 (S.B. 1281), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.56"> <num value="32.56">Sec. 32.56.</num> <heading></heading> <content>Text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 817 (S.B. 1333), Sec. 2</content> <sourceCredit>For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 19 (S.B. 1809), Sec. 1, see other Sec. 32.56. For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 814 (S.B. 1281), Sec. 3, see other Sec. 32.56. For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1154 (S.B. 2373), Sec. 2, see other Sec. 32.56. Sec. 32.56. FALSE, FRAUDULENT, OR FICTITIOUS DOCUMENT CONVEYING REAL PROPERTY INTEREST. (a) A person commits an offense if, with intent to enter or remain on real property, the person knowingly presents to another person a false, fraudulent, or fictitious document purporting to be a lease agreement, deed, or other instrument conveying real property or an interest in real property. (b) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. (c) If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both. Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 817 (S.B. 1333), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.56"> <num value="32.56">Sec. 32.56.</num> <heading></heading> <content>Text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1154 (S.B. 2373), Sec. 2</content> <sourceCredit>For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 19 (S.B. 1809), Sec. 1, see other Sec. 32.56. For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 814 (S.B. 1281), Sec. 3, see other Sec. 32.56. For text of section as added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 817 (S.B. 1333), Sec. 2, see other Sec. 32.56. Sec. 32.56. FINANCIAL ABUSE USING ARTIFICIALLY GENERATED MEDIA OR PHISHING. (a) In this section: (1) "Artificially generated media" has the meaning assigned by Section 100B.001, Civil Practice and Remedies Code. (2) "Financial abuse" has the meaning assigned by Section 32.55. (b) A person commits an offense if the person knowingly engages in financial abuse: (1) through the use of artificially generated media disseminated to another person; or (2) by deceiving or manipulating another person into providing personal, financial, or identifying information through e-mail, electronic communication, or other digital means. (c) An offense under this section is: (1) a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is less than $100; (2) a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is $100 or more but less than $750; (3) a state jail felony if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is $750 or more but less than $2,500; (4) a felony of the third degree if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000; (5) a felony of the second degree if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000; and (6) a felony of the first degree if the value of the property taken, appropriated, obtained, retained, or used is $150,000 or more. (d) This section does not apply, for content provided by another person, to: (1) the provider of an interactive computer service, as defined by 47 U.S.C. Section 230(f); (2) a telecommunications service, as defined by 47 U.S.C. Section 153; or (3) a radio or television station licensed by the Federal Communications Commission. Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1154 (S.B. 2373), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.57"> <num value="32.57">Sec. 32.57.</num> <heading>FRAUDULENT SALE, RENTAL, OR LEASE OF RESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.57/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.57/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>lists or advertises for sale, rent, or lease residential real property while knowing that the person offering to sell, rent, or lease the property does not have legal title or authority to sell, rent, or lease the property; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.57/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>sells, rents, or leases to another person residential real property to which the person does not have legal title or authority to sell, rent, or lease.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.57/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.57/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.57/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a)(2) that the person participated in the transaction to sell, rent, or lease the property:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.57/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>as a lender, a title company, or a broker or agent licensed under Chapter 1101, Occupations Code, or an employee or agent of a lender, a title company, or a broker or agent licensed under Chapter 1101, Occupations Code; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.57/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>did not know that another person involved in the transaction did not have legal title or authority to sell, rent, or lease the property.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 817 (S.B. 1333), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60"> <num value="32.60">Sec. 32.60.</num> <heading>REAL PROPERTY FRAUD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Deception" has the meaning assigned by Section 31.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Disabled individual" and "elderly individual" have the meanings assigned by Section 22.04.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Document" and "effective consent" have the meanings assigned by Section 32.46.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly makes a materially false or misleading written statement to obtain real property; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>with the intent to defraud or harm any person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>causes another person, without that person's effective consent, to sign or execute any document affecting real property or any person's interest in real property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>causes a public servant, without the public servant's effective consent, to file or record any purported judgment or other document purporting to memorialize or evidence:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>title to real property or any person's interest in real property; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>a lien or claim against real property or against any person's interest in real property.</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the market value of the real property or the value of the interest in the real property is less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the market value of the real property or the value of the interest in the real property is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsection (c) is increased to the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that at the time of the offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the owner of the real property was:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an elderly individual;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a disabled individual; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a nonprofit organization; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the real property was subject to a property tax exemption under Subchapter B, Chapter 11, Tax Code, as an individual's residence homestead as defined by Section 11.13(j), Tax Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.60/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (c), the market value of real property is the market value of that property for the tax year in which the offense was committed, as indicated on the appraisal roll for the appraisal district in which the property is located.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 16 (S.B. 16), Sec. 10, eff. December 4, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61"> <num value="32.61">Sec. 32.61.</num> <heading>MALICIOUS SOLICITATION OF DISASTER VICTIM OR FOR DISASTER RESPONSE OR RECOVERY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Disaster" has the meaning assigned by Section 418.004, Government Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Disaster volunteer" means a person who provides or offers to provide a service at no cost to or at the direction of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a victim of a disaster; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a governmental entity engaged in disaster response or recovery.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Relative" has the meaning assigned by Section 20.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Victim of a disaster" means a person who has suffered harm as a result of a disaster.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, with the intent to defraud or harm any person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>solicits a donation from another person while inducing the other person to believe that the donation will be used for disaster response or recovery, regardless of the manner of solicitation;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>solicits donations on behalf of a donee with the intent to retain the donations instead of delivering the donations to the donee on whose behalf the donations were solicited;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>solicits payment from a victim of a disaster after:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>providing services to the victim that are related to disaster response or recovery, including debris removal or transportation; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>inducing the victim to believe that:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the person is a disaster volunteer; and</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>the services described by Paragraph (A) would be provided at no cost to the victim; or</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>solicits payment from a victim of a disaster while inducing the victim to believe that the actor will search for or return to the victim a relative who is believed to be missing as a result of the disaster.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (b)(1), (2), or (3) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>for a first offense, a felony of the third degree; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>for a second or subsequent offense, a felony of the second degree.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Subsection (c), an offense under Subsection (b)(1), (2), or (3) is a felony of the first degree if the person fabricated a designation described by Subchapter L, Chapter 418, Government Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b)(4) is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c32/scD/s32.61/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 9 (H.B. 20), Sec. 3.03, eff. December 4, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33"> <num value="33">CHAPTER 33.</num> <heading>COMPUTER CRIMES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01"> <num value="33.01">Sec. 33.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Access" means to approach, instruct, communicate with, store data in, retrieve or intercept data from, alter data or computer software in, or otherwise make use of any resource of a computer, computer network, computer program, or computer system.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Aggregate amount" means the amount of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>any direct or indirect loss incurred by a victim, including the value of money, property, or service stolen, appropriated, or rendered unrecoverable by the offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>any expenditure required by the victim to:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>determine whether data or a computer, computer network, computer program, or computer system was altered, acquired, appropriated, damaged, deleted, or disrupted by the offense; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>attempt to restore, recover, or replace any data altered, acquired, appropriated, damaged, deleted, or disrupted.</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Communication common carrier" means a person who owns or operates a telephone system in this state that includes equipment or facilities for the conveyance, transmission, or reception of communications and who receives compensation from persons who use that system.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Computer" means an electronic, magnetic, optical, electrochemical, or other high-speed data processing device that performs logical, arithmetic, or memory functions by the manipulations of electronic or magnetic impulses and includes all input, output, processing, storage, or communication facilities that are connected or related to the device.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Computer network" means the interconnection of two or more computers or computer systems by satellite, microwave, line, or other communication medium with the capability to transmit information among the computers.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Computer program" means an ordered set of data representing coded instructions or statements that when executed by a computer cause the computer to process data or perform specific functions.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Computer services" means the product of the use of a computer, the information stored in the computer, or the personnel supporting the computer, including computer time, data processing, and storage functions.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Computer system" means any combination of a computer or computer network with the documentation, computer software, or physical facilities supporting the computer or computer network.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>"Computer software" means a set of computer programs, procedures, and associated documentation related to the operation of a computer, computer system, or computer network.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>"Computer virus" means an unwanted computer program or other set of instructions inserted into a computer's memory, operating system, or program that is specifically constructed with the ability to replicate itself or to affect the other programs or files in the computer by attaching a copy of the unwanted program or other set of instructions to one or more computer programs or files.</content> <continuation>(10-a) "Critical infrastructure facility" means:</continuation> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a chemical manufacturing facility;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a refinery;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>an electrical power generating facility, substation, switching station, electrical control center, or electrical transmission or distribution facility;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a water intake structure, water treatment facility, wastewater treatment plant, or pump station;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a natural gas transmission compressor station;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>a liquid natural gas terminal or storage facility;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>a telecommunications central switching office;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/H"> <num value="H">(H)</num> <content>a port, railroad switching yard, trucking terminal, or other freight transportation facility;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/I"> <num value="I">(I)</num> <content>a gas processing plant, including a plant used in the processing, treatment, or fractionation of natural gas;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/J"> <num value="J">(J)</num> <content>a transmission facility used by a federally licensed radio or television station; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/K"> <num value="K">(K)</num> <content>a cable television or video service provider headend.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>"Data" means a representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts, or instructions that is being prepared or has been prepared in a formalized manner and is intended to be stored or processed, is being stored or processed, or has been stored or processed in a computer. Data may be embodied in any form, including but not limited to computer printouts, magnetic storage media, laser storage media, and punchcards, or may be stored internally in the memory of the computer.</content> <continuation>(11-a) "Decryption," "decrypt," or "decrypted" means the decoding of encrypted communications or information, whether by use of a decryption key, by breaking an encryption formula or algorithm, or by the interference with a person's use of an encryption service in a manner that causes information or communications to be stored or transmitted without encryption.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <chapeau>"Effective consent" includes consent by a person legally authorized to act for the owner. Consent is not effective if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>induced by deception, as defined by Section 31.01, or induced by coercion;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>given by a person the actor knows is not legally authorized to act for the owner;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>given by a person who by reason of youth, mental disease or defect, or intoxication is known by the actor to be unable to make reasonable property dispositions;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>given solely to detect the commission of an offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>used for a purpose other than that for which the consent was given.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/13"> <num value="13">(13)</num> <content>"Electric utility" has the meaning assigned by Section 31.002, Utilities Code.</content> <continuation>(13-a) "Encrypted private information" means encrypted data, documents, wire or electronic communications, or other information stored on a computer or computer system, whether in the possession of the owner or a provider of an electronic communications service or a remote computing service, and which has not been accessible to the public.</continuation> <continuation>(13-b) "Encryption," "encrypt," or "encrypted" means the encoding of data, documents, wire or electronic communications, or other information, using mathematical formulas or algorithms in order to preserve the confidentiality, integrity, or authenticity of, and prevent unauthorized access to, such information.</continuation> <continuation>(13-c) "Encryption service" means a computing service, a computer device, computer software, or technology with encryption capabilities, and includes any subsequent version of or update to an encryption service.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/14"> <num value="14">(14)</num> <content>"Harm" includes partial or total alteration, damage, or erasure of stored data, interruption of computer services, introduction of a computer virus, or any other loss, disadvantage, or injury that might reasonably be suffered as a result of the actor's conduct.</content> <continuation>(14-a) "Identifying information" has the meaning assigned by Section 32.51.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/15"> <num value="15">(15)</num> <chapeau>"Owner" means a person who:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>has title to the property, possession of the property, whether lawful or not, or a greater right to possession of the property than the actor;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>has the right to restrict access to the property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>is the licensee of data or computer software.</content> <continuation>(15-a) "Privileged information" means:</continuation> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>protected health information, as that term is defined by Section 182.002, Health and Safety Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>information that is subject to the attorney-client privilege; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>information that is subject to accountant-client confidentiality under Section 901.457, Occupations Code, or other law, if the information is on a computer, computer network, or computer system owned by a person possessing a license issued under Subchapter H, Chapter 901, Occupations Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/16"> <num value="16">(16)</num> <chapeau>"Property" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>tangible or intangible personal property including a computer, computer system, computer network, computer software, or data; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the use of a computer, computer system, computer network, computer software, or data.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 18.44, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1044 (H.B. 3396), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 684 (H.B. 9), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1058 (H.B. 2931), Sec. 3.17, eff. January 1, 2019. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 447 (H.B. 2217), Sec. 16, eff. June 9, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02"> <num value="33.02">Sec. 33.02.</num> <heading>BREACH OF COMPUTER SECURITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly accesses a computer, computer network, or computer system without the effective consent of the owner.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a) is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is a state jail felony if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the defendant has been previously convicted two or more times of an offense under this chapter; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the computer, computer network, or computer system is owned by the government or a critical infrastructure facility.</content> <continuation>(b-1) A person commits an offense if, with the intent to defraud or harm another or alter, damage, or delete property, the person knowingly accesses:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a computer, computer network, or computer system without the effective consent of the owner; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a computer, computer network, or computer system:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>that is owned by:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the government; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>a business or other commercial entity engaged in a business activity;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>in violation of:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>a clear and conspicuous prohibition by the owner of the computer, computer network, or computer system; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>a contractual agreement to which the person has expressly agreed; and</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>with the intent to obtain or use a file, data, or proprietary information stored in the computer, network, or system to defraud or harm another or alter, damage, or delete property.</content> <continuation>(b-2) An offense under Subsection (b-1) is:</continuation> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the aggregate amount involved is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the aggregate amount involved is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the aggregate amount involved is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the aggregate amount involved is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the aggregate amount involved is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the aggregate amount involved is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the aggregate amount involved is any amount less than $300,000 and the computer, computer network, or computer system is owned by the government or a critical infrastructure facility; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the actor obtains the identifying information of another by accessing only one computer, computer network, or computer system; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the first degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the aggregate amount involved is $300,000 or more; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the actor obtains the identifying information of another by accessing more than one computer, computer network, or computer system.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>When benefits are obtained, a victim is defrauded or harmed, or property is altered, damaged, or deleted in violation of this section, whether or not in a single incident, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the value of the benefits obtained and of the losses incurred because of the fraud, harm, or alteration, damage, or deletion of property may be aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A person who is subject to prosecution under this section and any other section of this code may be prosecuted under either or both sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the person acted with the intent to facilitate a lawful seizure or search of, or lawful access to, a computer, computer network, or computer system for a legitimate law enforcement purpose.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (b-1)(2) that the actor's conduct consisted solely of action taken pursuant to a contract that was entered into with the owner of the computer, computer network, or computer system for the purpose of assessing the security of the computer, network, or system or providing other security-related services.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1411, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1044 (H.B. 3396), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 154 (H.B. 896), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 23, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021"> <num value="33.021">Sec. 33.021.</num> <heading>ONLINE SOLICITATION OF A MINOR</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Minor" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an individual who is younger than 17 years of age; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an individual whom the actor believes to be younger than 17 years of age.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Sexual contact," "sexual intercourse," and "deviate sexual intercourse" have the meanings assigned by Section 21.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Sexually explicit" means any communication, language, or material, including a photographic or video image, that relates to or describes sexual conduct, as defined by Section 43.25.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person who is 17 years of age or older commits an offense if, with the intent to commit an offense listed in Article 62.001(5)(A), (B), or (K), Code of Criminal Procedure, the person, over the Internet, by electronic mail or text message or other electronic message service or system, or through a commercial online service, intentionally:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>communicates in a sexually explicit manner with a minor; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>distributes sexually explicit material to a minor.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person, over the Internet, by electronic mail or text message or other electronic message service or system, or through a commercial online service, knowingly solicits a minor to meet another person, including the actor, with the intent that the minor will engage in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse with the actor or another person.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is not a defense to prosecution under Subsection (c) that the meeting did not occur.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that at the time conduct described by Subsection (c) was committed:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor was married to the minor; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor was not more than three years older than the minor and the minor consented to the conduct.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if the minor is younger than 14 years of age or is an individual whom the actor believes to be younger than 14 years of age at the time of the commission of the offense. An offense under Subsection (c) is a felony of the second degree.</content> <continuation>(f-1) The punishment for an offense under this section is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next higher category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor committed the offense during regular public or private primary or secondary school hours; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor knew or reasonably should have known that the minor was enrolled in a public or private primary or secondary school at the time of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.021/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1273 (H.B. 2228), Sec. 1, eff. June 18, 2005. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 610 (H.B. 401), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1291 (S.B. 6), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 61 (S.B. 344), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 61 (S.B. 344), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 59, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (S.B. 1831), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.022"> <num value="33.022">Sec. 33.022.</num> <heading>ELECTRONIC ACCESS INTERFERENCE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.022/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person, other than a network provider or online service provider acting for a legitimate business purpose, commits an offense if the person intentionally interrupts or suspends access to a computer system or computer network without the effective consent of the owner.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.022/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a third degree felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.022/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the person acted with the intent to facilitate a lawful seizure or search of, or lawful access to, a computer, computer network, or computer system for a legitimate law enforcement purpose.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 684 (H.B. 9), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023"> <num value="33.023">Sec. 33.023.</num> <heading>ELECTRONIC DATA TAMPERING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "ransomware" means a computer contaminant or lock that restricts access by an unauthorized person to a computer, computer system, or computer network or any data in a computer, computer system, or computer network under circumstances in which a person demands money, property, or a service to remove the computer contaminant or lock, restore access to the computer, computer system, computer network, or data, or otherwise remediate the impact of the computer contaminant or lock.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally alters data as it transmits between two computers in a computer network or computer system through deception and without a legitimate business purpose.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally introduces ransomware onto a computer, computer network, or computer system through deception and without a legitimate business purpose.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Subject to Subsections (d-1) and (d-2), an offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> <continuation>(d-1) Subject to Subsection (d-2), if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant acted with the intent to defraud or harm another, an offense under this section is:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the aggregate amount involved is less than $100 or cannot be determined;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the aggregate amount involved is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the aggregate amount involved is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the aggregate amount involved is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the aggregate amount involved is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the aggregate amount involved is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the aggregate amount involved is $300,000 or more.</content> <continuation>(d-2) If it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant knowingly restricted a victim's access to privileged information, an offense under this section is:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the aggregate amount involved is less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the aggregate amount involved is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a client or patient of a victim suffered harm attributable to the offense;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the aggregate amount involved is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a client or patient of a victim suffered bodily injury attributable to the offense; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the first degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the aggregate amount involved is $150,000 or more; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a client or patient of a victim suffered serious bodily injury or death attributable to the offense.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>When benefits are obtained, a victim is defrauded or harmed, or property is altered, appropriated, damaged, or deleted in violation of this section, whether or not in a single incident, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the value of the benefits obtained and of the losses incurred because of the fraud, harm, or alteration, appropriation, damage, or deletion of property may be aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>A person who is subject to prosecution under this section and any other section of this code may be prosecuted under either or both sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>Software is not ransomware for the purposes of this section if the software restricts access to data because:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>authentication is required to upgrade or access purchased content; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.023/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>access to subscription content has been blocked for nonpayment.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 684 (H.B. 9), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024"> <num value="33.024">Sec. 33.024.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL DECRYPTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally decrypts encrypted private information through deception and without a legitimate business purpose.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Subject to Subsections (b-1) and (b-2), an offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> <continuation>(b-1) Subject to Subsection (b-2), if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant acted with the intent to defraud or harm another, an offense under this section is:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the value of the aggregate amount involved is less than $100 or cannot be determined;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the aggregate amount involved is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the aggregate amount involved is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the aggregate amount involved is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the aggregate amount involved is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the aggregate amount involved is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the aggregate amount involved is $300,000 or more.</content> <continuation>(b-2) If it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant knowingly decrypted privileged information, an offense under this section is:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the aggregate amount involved is less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the aggregate amount involved is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a client or patient of a victim suffered harm attributable to the offense;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the aggregate amount involved is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a client or patient of a victim suffered bodily injury attributable to the offense; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the first degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the aggregate amount involved is $150,000 or more; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a client or patient of a victim suffered serious bodily injury or death attributable to the offense.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor's conduct was pursuant to an agreement entered into with the owner for the purpose of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>assessing or maintaining the security of the information or of a computer, computer network, or computer system; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>providing other services related to security.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.024/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A person who is subject to prosecution under this section and any other section of this code may be prosecuted under either or both sections.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 684 (H.B. 9), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.03"> <num value="33.03">Sec. 33.03.</num> <heading></heading> <sourceCredit>For text of section as amended by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 684 (H.B. 9), Sec. 4, see other Sec. 33.03. Sec. 33.03. DEFENSES. It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Section 33.02 or 33.022 that the actor was an officer, employee, or agent of a communication common carrier or electric utility and committed the proscribed act or acts in the course of employment while engaged in an activity that is a necessary incident to the rendition of service or to the protection of the rights or property of the communication common carrier or electric utility. Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 33.04 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 684 (H.B. 9), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1058 (H.B. 2931), Sec. 3.18, eff. January 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.04"> <num value="33.04">Sec. 33.04.</num> <heading>ASSISTANCE BY ATTORNEY GENERAL</heading> <content>The attorney general, if requested to do so by a prosecuting attorney, may assist the prosecuting attorney in the investigation or prosecution of an offense under this chapter or of any other offense involving the use of a computer.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 600, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 33.05 by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05"> <num value="33.05">Sec. 33.05.</num> <heading>TAMPERING WITH DIRECT RECORDING ELECTRONIC VOTING MACHINE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Direct recording electronic voting machine" has the meaning assigned by Section 121.003, Election Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Measure" has the meaning assigned by Section 1.005, Election Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly accesses a computer, computer network, computer program, computer software, or computer system that is a part of a voting system that uses direct recording electronic voting machines and by means of that access:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>prevents a person from lawfully casting a vote;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>changes a lawfully cast vote;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>prevents a lawfully cast vote from being counted; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>causes a vote that was not lawfully cast to be counted.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section does not require that the votes as affected by the person's actions described by Subsection (b) actually be the votes used in the official determination of the outcome of the election.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Section 15.01(d), an offense under Section 15.01(a) is a felony of the third degree if the offense the actor intends to commit is an offense under this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.05/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to investigate or prosecute an offense under this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 470 (H.B. 56), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 503 (S.B. 927), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07"> <num value="33.07">Sec. 33.07.</num> <heading>ONLINE IMPERSONATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, without obtaining the other person's consent and with the intent to harm, defraud, intimidate, or threaten any person, uses the name or persona of another person to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>create a web page on a commercial social networking site or other Internet website; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>post or send one or more messages on or through a commercial social networking site or other Internet website, other than on or through an electronic mail program or message board program.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person sends an electronic mail, instant message, text message, or similar communication that references a name, domain address, phone number, or other item of identifying information belonging to any person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>without obtaining the other person's consent;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>with the intent to cause a recipient of the communication to reasonably believe that the other person authorized or transmitted the communication; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>with the intent to harm or defraud any person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) is a felony of the third degree. An offense under Subsection (b) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if the actor commits the offense with the intent to solicit a response by emergency personnel.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor is any of the following entities or that the actor's conduct consisted solely of action taken as an employee of any of the following entities:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a commercial social networking site;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an Internet service provider;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>an interactive computer service, as defined by 47 U.S.C. Section 230;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a telecommunications provider, as defined by Section 51.002, Utilities Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a video service provider or cable service provider, as defined by Section 66.002, Utilities Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Commercial social networking site" means any business, organization, or other similar entity operating a website that permits persons to become registered users for the purpose of establishing personal relationships with other users through direct or real-time communication with other users or the creation of web pages or profiles available to the public or to other users. The term does not include an electronic mail program or a message board program.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33/s33.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Identifying information" has the meaning assigned by Section 32.51.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 911 (H.B. 2003), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 282 (H.B. 1666), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 282 (H.B. 1666), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A"> <num value="33A">CHAPTER 33A.</num> <heading>TELECOMMUNICATIONS CRIMES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01"> <num value="33A.01">Sec. 33A.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Counterfeit telecommunications access device" means a telecommunications access device that is false, fraudulent, not issued to a legitimate telecommunications access device subscriber account, or otherwise unlawful or invalid.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Counterfeit telecommunications device" means a telecommunications device that has been altered or programmed alone or with another telecommunications device to acquire, intercept, receive, or otherwise facilitate the use of a telecommunications service without the authority or consent of the telecommunications service provider and includes a clone telephone, clone microchip, tumbler telephone, tumbler microchip, or wireless scanning device capable of acquiring, intercepting, receiving, or otherwise facilitating the use of a telecommunications service without immediate detection.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Deliver" means to actually or constructively sell, give, loan, or otherwise transfer a telecommunications device, or a counterfeit telecommunications device or any telecommunications plans, instructions, or materials, to another person.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Publish" means to communicate information or make information available to another person orally, in writing, or by means of telecommunications and includes communicating information on a computer bulletin board or similar system.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Telecommunications" means the origination, emission, transmission, or reception of data, images, signals, sounds, or other intelligence or equivalence of intelligence over a communications system by any method, including an electronic, magnetic, optical, digital, or analog method.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Telecommunications access device" means an instrument, device, card, plate, code, account number, personal identification number, electronic serial number, mobile identification number, counterfeit number, or financial transaction device that alone or with another telecommunications access device can acquire, intercept, provide, receive, use, or otherwise facilitate the use of a telecommunications device, counterfeit telecommunications device, or telecommunications service.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Telecommunications device" means any instrument, equipment, machine, or device that facilitates telecommunications and includes a computer, computer chip or circuit, telephone, pager, personal communications device, transponder, receiver, radio, modem, or device that enables use of a modem.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Telecommunications service" means the provision, facilitation, or generation of telecommunications through the use of a telecommunications device or telecommunications access device over a telecommunications system.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <chapeau>"Value of the telecommunications service obtained or attempted to be obtained" includes the value of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a lawful charge for telecommunications service avoided or attempted to be avoided;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>money, property, or telecommunications service lost, stolen, or rendered unrecoverable by an offense; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>an expenditure incurred by a victim to verify that a telecommunications device or telecommunications access device or telecommunications service was not altered, acquired, damaged, or disrupted as a result of an offense.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02"> <num value="33A.02">Sec. 33A.02.</num> <heading>UNAUTHORIZED USE OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person is an officer, shareholder, partner, employee, agent, or independent contractor of a telecommunications service provider and the person knowingly and without authority uses or diverts telecommunications service for the person's own benefit or to the benefit of another.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the telecommunications service used or diverted is less than $500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a Class A misdemeanor if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the telecommunications service used or diverted is $500 or more but less than $1,500; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the value of the telecommunications service used or diverted is less than $500 and the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this chapter;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a state jail felony if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the telecommunications service used or diverted is $1,500 or more but less than $20,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the value of the telecommunications service used or diverted is less than $1,500 and the defendant has been previously convicted two or more times of an offense under this chapter;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the telecommunications service used or diverted is $20,000 or more but less than $100,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the telecommunications service used or diverted is $100,000 or more but less than $200,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the telecommunications service used or diverted is $200,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>When telecommunications service is used or diverted in violation of this section pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, whether or not in a single incident, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the values of the service used or diverted may be aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03"> <num value="33A.03">Sec. 33A.03.</num> <heading>MANUFACTURE, POSSESSION, OR DELIVERY OF UNLAWFUL TELECOMMUNICATIONS DEVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person manufactures, possesses, delivers, offers to deliver, or advertises:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a counterfeit telecommunications device; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a telecommunications device that is intended to be used to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>commit an offense under Section 33A.04; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>conceal the existence or place of origin or destination of a telecommunications service.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person delivers, offers to deliver, or advertises plans, instructions, or materials for manufacture of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a counterfeit telecommunications device; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a telecommunications device that is intended to be used to commit an offense under Subsection (a).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the person was an officer, agent, or employee of a telecommunications service provider who engaged in the conduct for the purpose of gathering information for a law enforcement investigation related to an offense under this chapter.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04"> <num value="33A.04">Sec. 33A.04.</num> <heading>THEFT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS SERVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly obtains or attempts to obtain telecommunications service to avoid or cause another person to avoid a lawful charge for that service by using:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a telecommunications access device without the authority or consent of the subscriber or lawful holder of the device or pursuant to an agreement for an exchange of value with the subscriber or lawful holder of the device to allow another person to use the device;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a counterfeit telecommunications access device;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a telecommunications device or counterfeit telecommunications device; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a fraudulent or deceptive scheme, pretense, method, or conspiracy, or other device or means, including a false, altered, or stolen identification.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the telecommunications service obtained or attempted to be obtained is less than $500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a Class A misdemeanor if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the telecommunications service obtained or attempted to be obtained is $500 or more but less than $1,500; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the value of the telecommunications service obtained or attempted to be obtained is less than $500 and the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this chapter;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a state jail felony if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the telecommunications service obtained or attempted to be obtained is $1,500 or more but less than $20,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the value of the telecommunications service obtained or attempted to be obtained is less than $1,500 and the defendant has been previously convicted two or more times of an offense under this chapter;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the telecommunications service obtained or attempted to be obtained is $20,000 or more but less than $100,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the telecommunications service obtained or attempted to be obtained is $100,000 or more but less than $200,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the telecommunications service obtained or attempted to be obtained is $200,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>When telecommunications service is obtained or attempted to be obtained in violation of this section pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, whether or not in a single incident, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the values of the service obtained or attempted to be obtained may be aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.05"> <num value="33A.05">Sec. 33A.05.</num> <heading>PUBLICATION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS ACCESS DEVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person with criminal negligence publishes a telecommunications access device or counterfeit telecommunications access device that is designed to be used to commit an offense under Section 33A.04.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor. An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if the person has been previously convicted of an offense under this chapter.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051"> <num value="33A.051">Sec. 33A.051.</num> <heading>FALSE CALLER IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION DISPLAY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person, with the intent to defraud or cause harm, makes a call or engages in any other conduct using any type of technology that results in the display on another person's telecommunications device of data that misrepresents the actor's identity or telephone number.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, a conviction for an offense under this section may not be used for enhancement purposes under any other section of this chapter.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>blocked caller identification information;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was a peace officer or federal law enforcement officer lawfully discharging an official duty;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was an officer, agent, or employee of a federal intelligence or security agency lawfully discharging an official duty;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>was an officer, agent, or employee of a telecommunications service provider who was:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>acting in the provider's capacity as an intermediary for the transmission of telephone service, a Voice over Internet Protocol transmission, or another type of telecommunications transmission between the caller and the recipient;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>providing or configuring a service or service feature as requested by a customer;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>acting in a manner that is authorized or required by other law; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>engaging in other conduct that is a necessary incident to the provision of service; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>was a private investigator licensed under Chapter 1702, Occupations Code, lawfully conducting an investigation.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>For the purposes of this section, "telecommunications service provider" means a:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>telecommunications provider, as defined by Section 51.002, Utilities Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.051/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>provider of telecommunications service, advanced communications services, or information service, as those terms are defined by 47 U.S.C. Section 153.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1355 (H.B. 101), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c33A/s33A.06"> <num value="33A.06">Sec. 33A.06.</num> <heading>ASSISTANCE BY ATTORNEY GENERAL</heading> <content>The attorney general, if requested to do so by a prosecuting attorney, may assist the prosecuting attorney in the investigation or prosecution of an offense under this chapter or of any other offense involving the use of telecommunications equipment, services, or devices.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 306, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34"> <num value="34">CHAPTER 34.</num> <heading>MONEY LAUNDERING</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01"> <num value="34.01">Sec. 34.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Criminal activity" means any offense, including any preparatory offense, that is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>classified as a felony under the laws of this state or the United States; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>punishable by confinement for more than one year under the laws of another state.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Funds" includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>coin or paper money of the United States or any other country that is designated as legal tender and that circulates and is customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in the country of issue;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>United States silver certificates, United States Treasury notes, and Federal Reserve System notes;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>an official foreign bank note that is customarily used and accepted as a medium of exchange in a foreign country and a foreign bank draft; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>currency or its equivalent, including an electronic fund, a personal check, a bank check, a traveler's check, a money order, a bearer negotiable instrument, a bearer investment security, a bearer security, a certificate of stock in a form that allows title to pass on delivery, a stored value card as defined by Section 604.001, Business & Commerce Code, or a digital currency.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Financial institution" has the meaning assigned by Section 32.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>"Proceeds" means funds acquired or derived directly or indirectly from, produced through, realized through, or used in the commission of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an act; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 151.7032, Tax Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 761, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1993. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1162 (H.B. 3376), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 68 (S.B. 934), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 928 (H.B. 1523), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1357 (S.B. 1451), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 957 (S.B. 207), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02"> <num value="34.02">Sec. 34.02.</num> <heading>MONEY LAUNDERING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>acquires or maintains an interest in, conceals, possesses, transfers, or transports the proceeds of criminal activity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>conducts, supervises, or facilitates a transaction involving the proceeds of criminal activity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>invests, expends, or receives, or offers to invest, expend, or receive, the proceeds of criminal activity or funds that the person believes are the proceeds of criminal activity; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>finances or invests or intends to finance or invest funds that the person believes are intended to further the commission of criminal activity.</content> <continuation>(a-1) Knowledge of the specific nature of the criminal activity giving rise to the proceeds is not required to establish a culpable mental state under this section.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, a person is presumed to believe that funds are the proceeds of or are intended to further the commission of criminal activity if a peace officer or a person acting at the direction of a peace officer represents to the person that the funds are proceeds of or are intended to further the commission of criminal activity, as applicable, regardless of whether the peace officer or person acting at the peace officer's direction discloses the person's status as a peace officer or that the person is acting at the direction of a peace officer.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the person acted with intent to facilitate the lawful seizure, forfeiture, or disposition of funds or other legitimate law enforcement purpose pursuant to the laws of this state or the United States.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the transaction was necessary to preserve a person's right to representation as guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment of the United States Constitution and by Article 1, Section 10, of the Texas Constitution or that the funds were received as bona fide legal fees by a licensed attorney and at the time of their receipt, the attorney did not have actual knowledge that the funds were derived from criminal activity.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the funds is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the funds is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the funds is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the funds is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, if proceeds of criminal activity are related to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, whether from the same or several sources, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the value of the proceeds aggregated in determining the classification of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, funds on deposit at a branch of a financial institution are considered the property of that branch and any other branch of the financial institution.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.02/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 761, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1993. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1162 (H.B. 3376), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 24, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.021"> <num value="34.021">Sec. 34.021.</num> <heading>PROTECTION FROM CIVIL LIABILITY</heading> <chapeau>Notwithstanding Section 1.03(c), a financial institution or an agent of the financial institution acting in a manner described by Section 34.02(c) is not liable for civil damages to a person who:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>claims an ownership interest in funds involved in an offense under Section 34.02; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>conducts with the financial institution or an insurer, as defined by Article 1.02, Insurance Code, a transaction concerning funds involved in an offense under Section 34.02.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1162 (H.B. 3376), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c34/s34.03"> <num value="34.03">Sec. 34.03.</num> <heading>ASSISTANCE BY ATTORNEY GENERAL</heading> <content>The attorney general, if requested to do so by a prosecuting attorney, may assist in the prosecution of an offense under this chapter.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 761, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35"> <num value="35">CHAPTER 35.</num> <heading>INSURANCE FRAUD</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.01"> <num value="35.01">Sec. 35.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Insurance policy" means a written instrument in which is provided the terms of any certificate of insurance, binder of coverage, contract of insurance, benefit plan, nonprofit hospital service plan, motor club service plan, surety bond, cash bond, or any other alternative to insurance authorized by Chapter 601, Transportation Code. The term includes any instrument authorized to be regulated by the Texas Department of Insurance.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Insurer" has the meaning assigned by Article 1.02, Insurance Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Statement" means an oral or written communication or a record or documented representation of fact made to an insurer. The term includes computer-generated information.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Value of the claim" means the total dollar amount of a claim for payment under an insurance policy or, as applicable, the value of the claim determined under Section 35.025.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 621, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.830, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1276, Sec. 10A.541, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1162 (H.B. 3376), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2005.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.015"> <num value="35.015">Sec. 35.015.</num> <heading>MATERIALITY</heading> <chapeau>A statement is material for the purposes of this chapter, regardless of the admissibility of the statement at trial, if the statement could have affected:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.015/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the eligibility for coverage or amount of the payment on a claim for payment under an insurance policy; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.015/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the decision of an insurer whether to issue an insurance policy.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1162 (H.B. 3376), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2005.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02"> <num value="35.02">Sec. 35.02.</num> <heading>INSURANCE FRAUD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to defraud or deceive an insurer, the person, in support of a claim for payment under an insurance policy:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>prepares or causes to be prepared a statement that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the person knows contains false or misleading material information; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is presented to an insurer; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>presents or causes to be presented to an insurer a statement that the person knows contains false or misleading material information.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to defraud or deceive an insurer and in support of an application for an insurance policy:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>prepares or causes to be prepared a statement that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the person knows contains false or misleading material information; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is presented to an insurer; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>presents or causes to be presented to an insurer a statement that the person knows contains false or misleading material information.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent to defraud or deceive an insurer, the person solicits, offers, pays, or receives a benefit in connection with the furnishing of goods or services for which a claim for payment is submitted under an insurance policy.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a) or (b) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the value of the claim is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the claim is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the claim is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the claim is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the claim is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the claim is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the first degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the value of the claim is $300,000 or more; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an act committed in connection with the commission of the offense places a person at risk of death or serious bodily injury.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a-1) is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>The court shall order a defendant convicted of an offense under this section to pay restitution, including court costs and attorney's fees, to an affected insurer.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, if the actor proves by a preponderance of the evidence that a portion of the claim for payment under an insurance policy resulted from a valid loss, injury, expense, or service covered by the policy, the value of the claim is equal to the difference between the total claim amount and the amount of the valid portion of the claim.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.02/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>If it is shown on the trial of an offense under this section that the actor submitted a bill for goods or services in support of a claim for payment under an insurance policy to the insurer issuing the policy, a rebuttable presumption exists that the actor caused the claim for payment to be prepared or presented.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 621, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 605, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1162 (H.B. 3376), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 25, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.025"> <num value="35.025">Sec. 35.025.</num> <heading>VALUE OF CLAIM</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.025/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (b) and subject to Subsection (c), for the purposes of Section 35.02(c), if the value of a claim is not readily ascertainable, the value of the claim is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.025/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the fair market value, at the time and place of the offense, of the goods or services that are the subject of the claim; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.025/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the cost of replacing the goods or services that are the subject of the claim within a reasonable time after the claim.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.025/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If goods or services that are the subject of a claim cannot be reasonably ascertained under Subsection (a), the goods or services are considered to have a value of $750 or more but less than $2,500.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.025/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If the actor proves by a preponderance of the evidence that a portion of the claim for payment under an insurance policy resulted from a valid loss, injury, expense, or service covered by the policy, the value of the claim is equal to the difference between the total claim amount and the amount of the valid portion of the claim.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1162 (H.B. 3376), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2005. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 26, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.03"> <num value="35.03">Sec. 35.03.</num> <heading>AGGREGATION AND MULTIPLE OFFENSES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>When separate claims in violation of this chapter are communicated to an insurer or group of insurers pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the value of the claims aggregated in determining the classification of the offense. If claims are aggregated under this subsection, Subsection (b) shall not apply.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>When three or more separate claims in violation of this chapter are communicated to an insurer or group of insurers pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, the conduct may be considered as one offense, and the classification of the offense shall be one category higher than the most serious single offense proven from the separate claims, except that if the most serious offense is a felony of the first degree, the offense is a felony of the first degree. This subsection shall not be applied if claims are aggregated under Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 621, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.04"> <num value="35.04">Sec. 35.04.</num> <heading>JURISDICTION OF ATTORNEY GENERAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>The attorney general may offer to an attorney representing the state in the prosecution of an offense under Section 35.02 the investigative, technical, and litigation assistance of the attorney general's office.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35/s35.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The attorney general may prosecute or assist in the prosecution of an offense under Section 35.02 on the request of the attorney representing the state described by Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 621, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A"> <num value="35A">CHAPTER 35A.</num> <heading>HEALTH CARE FRAUD</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01"> <num value="35A.01">Sec. 35A.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Claim" means a written or electronically submitted request or demand that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is submitted by a provider or the provider's agent and identifies a service or product provided or purported to have been provided to a health care recipient as reimbursable under a health care program, without regard to whether the money that is requested or demanded is paid; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>states the income earned or expense incurred by a provider in providing a service or product and is used to determine a rate of payment under a health care program.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Fiscal agent" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a person who, through a contractual relationship with a state agency or the federal government, receives, processes, and pays a claim under a health care program; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the designated agent of a person described by Paragraph (A).</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Health care practitioner" means a dentist, podiatrist, psychologist, physical therapist, chiropractor, registered nurse, or other provider licensed to provide health care services in this state.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Health care program" means a program funded by this state, the federal government, or both and designed to provide health care services to health care recipients, including a program that is administered in whole or in part through a managed care delivery model.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Health care recipient" means an individual to whom a service or product is provided or purported to have been provided and with respect to whom a person claims or receives a payment for that service or product from a health care program or fiscal agent, without regard to whether the individual was eligible for benefits under the health care program.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Managed care organization" means a person who is authorized or otherwise permitted by law to arrange for or provide a managed care plan.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Physician" means a physician licensed to practice medicine in this state.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <chapeau>"Provider" means a person who participates in or has applied to participate in a health care program as a supplier of a service or product and includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a management company that manages, operates, or controls another provider;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a person, including a medical vendor, who provides a service or product to another provider or the other provider's agent;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>an employee of the person who participates in or has applied to participate in the program;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a managed care organization; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a manufacturer or distributor of a product for which a health care program provides reimbursement.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>"Service" includes care or treatment of a health care recipient.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.01/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>"High managerial agent" means a director, officer, or employee who is authorized to act on behalf of a provider and has duties of such responsibility that the conduct of the director, officer, or employee reasonably may be assumed to represent the policy or intent of the provider.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 806 (S.B. 563), Sec. 16, eff. September 1, 2005. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 381 (H.B. 2894), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02"> <num value="35A.02">Sec. 35A.02.</num> <heading>HEALTH CARE FRAUD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>knowingly makes or causes to be made a false statement or misrepresentation of a material fact to permit a person to receive a benefit or payment under a health care program that is not authorized or that is greater than the benefit or payment that is authorized;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>knowingly conceals or fails to disclose information that permits a person to receive a benefit or payment under a health care program that is not authorized or that is greater than the benefit or payment that is authorized;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>knowingly applies for and receives a benefit or payment on behalf of another person under a health care program and converts any part of the benefit or payment to a use other than for the benefit of the person on whose behalf it was received;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>knowingly makes, causes to be made, induces, or seeks to induce the making of a false statement or misrepresentation of material fact concerning:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the conditions or operation of a facility in order that the facility may qualify for certification or recertification under a health care program; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>information required to be provided by a federal or state law, rule, regulation, or provider agreement pertaining to a health care program;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>except as authorized under a health care program, knowingly pays, charges, solicits, accepts, or receives, in addition to an amount paid under the health care program, a gift, money, donation, or other consideration as a condition to the provision of a service or product or the continued provision of a service or product if the cost of the service or product is paid for, in whole or in part, under a health care program;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>knowingly presents or causes to be presented a claim for payment under a health care program for a product provided or a service rendered by a person who:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is not licensed to provide the product or render the service, if a license is required; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is not licensed in the manner claimed;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>knowingly makes or causes to be made a claim under a health care program for:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a service or product that has not been approved or acquiesced in by a treating physician or health care practitioner;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a service or product that is substantially inadequate or inappropriate when compared to generally recognized standards within the particular discipline or within the health care industry; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a product that has been adulterated, debased, mislabeled, or that is otherwise inappropriate;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>makes a claim under a health care program and knowingly fails to indicate the type of license and the identification number of the licensed health care practitioner who actually provided the service;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>knowingly enters into an agreement, combination, or conspiracy to defraud the state or federal government by obtaining or aiding another person in obtaining an unauthorized payment or benefit from a health care program or fiscal agent;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <chapeau>is a managed care organization that contracts with the Health and Human Services Commission, another state agency, or the federal government to provide or arrange to provide health care benefits or services to individuals eligible under a health care program and knowingly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>fails to provide to an individual a health care benefit or service that the organization is required to provide under the contract;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>fails to provide or falsifies information required to be provided by law, rule, or contractual provision; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>engages in a fraudulent activity in connection with the enrollment of an individual eligible under a health care program in the organization's managed care plan or in connection with marketing the organization's services to an individual eligible under a health care program;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>knowingly obstructs an investigation by the attorney general of an alleged unlawful act under this section or under Section 32.039, 32.0391, or 36.002, Human Resources Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <content>knowingly makes, uses, or causes the making or use of a false record or statement to conceal, avoid, or decrease an obligation to pay or transmit money or property to this state or the federal government under a health care program.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the amount of any payment or the value of any monetary or in-kind benefit provided or claim for payment made under a health care program, directly or indirectly, as a result of the conduct is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the amount of any payment or the value of any monetary or in-kind benefit provided or claim for payment made under a health care program, directly or indirectly, as a result of the conduct is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the amount of any payment or the value of any monetary or in-kind benefit provided or claim for payment made under a health care program, directly or indirectly, as a result of the conduct is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>a state jail felony if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the amount of any payment or the value of any monetary or in-kind benefit provided or claim for payment made under a health care program, directly or indirectly, as a result of the conduct is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(11); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the amount of the payment or value of the benefit described by this subsection cannot be reasonably ascertained;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the amount of any payment or the value of any monetary or in-kind benefit provided or claim for payment made under a health care program, directly or indirectly, as a result of the conduct is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant submitted more than 25 but fewer than 50 fraudulent claims under a health care program and the submission of each claim constitutes conduct prohibited by Subsection (a);</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the amount of any payment or the value of any monetary or in-kind benefit provided or claim for payment made under a health care program, directly or indirectly, as a result of the conduct is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant submitted 50 or more fraudulent claims under a health care program and the submission of each claim constitutes conduct prohibited by Subsection (a); or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the amount of any payment or the value of any monetary or in-kind benefit provided or claim for payment made under a health care program, directly or indirectly, as a result of the conduct is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code or another provision of law, the actor may be prosecuted under either this section or the other section or provision or both this section and the other section or provision.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>When multiple payments or monetary or in-kind benefits are provided under one or more health care programs as a result of one scheme or continuing course of conduct, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the amounts of the payments or monetary or in-kind benefits aggregated in determining the grade of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>The punishment prescribed for an offense under this section, other than the punishment prescribed by Subsection (b)(7), is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next highest category of offense if it is shown beyond a reasonable doubt on the trial of the offense that the actor was a high managerial agent at the time of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t7/c35A/s35A.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to prosecute an offense under this section that involves a health care program.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 806 (S.B. 563), Sec. 16, eff. September 1, 2005. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 127 (S.B. 1694), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 398 (S.B. 544), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 27, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 381 (H.B. 2894), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <num value="8">TITLE 8.</num> <heading>OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36"> <num value="36">CHAPTER 36.</num> <heading>BRIBERY AND CORRUPT INFLUENCE</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.01"> <num value="36.01">Sec. 36.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Custody" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>detained or under arrest by a peace officer; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>under restraint by a public servant pursuant to an order of a court.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Party official" means a person who holds any position or office in a political party, whether by election, appointment, or employment.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Benefit" means anything reasonably regarded as pecuniary gain or pecuniary advantage, including benefit to any other person in whose welfare the beneficiary has a direct and substantial interest.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Vote" means to cast a ballot in an election regulated by law.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 915, ch. 342, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3237, ch. 558, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 67, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 304, Sec. 4.01, eff. Jan. 1, 1992; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 565, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02"> <num value="36.02">Sec. 36.02.</num> <heading>BRIBERY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly offers, confers, or agrees to confer on another, or solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept from another:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any benefit as consideration for the recipient's decision, opinion, recommendation, vote, or other exercise of discretion as a public servant, party official, or voter;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>any benefit as consideration for the recipient's decision, vote, recommendation, or other exercise of official discretion in a judicial or administrative proceeding;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>any benefit as consideration for a violation of a duty imposed by law on a public servant or party official; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>any benefit that is a political contribution as defined by Title 15, Election Code, or that is an expenditure made and reported in accordance with Chapter 305, Government Code, if the benefit was offered, conferred, solicited, accepted, or agreed to pursuant to an express agreement to take or withhold a specific exercise of official discretion if such exercise of official discretion would not have been taken or withheld but for the benefit; notwithstanding any rule of evidence or jury instruction allowing factual inferences in the absence of certain evidence, direct evidence of the express agreement shall be required in any prosecution under this subdivision.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is no defense to prosecution under this section that a person whom the actor sought to influence was not qualified to act in the desired way whether because he had not yet assumed office or he lacked jurisdiction or for any other reason.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is no defense to prosecution under this section that the benefit is not offered or conferred or that the benefit is not solicited or accepted until after:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the decision, opinion, recommendation, vote, or other exercise of discretion has occurred; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the public servant ceases to be a public servant.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of Subdivisions (1), (2), and (3) of Subsection (a) that the benefit is a political contribution as defined by Title 15, Election Code, or an expenditure made and reported in accordance with Chapter 305, Government Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 915, ch. 342, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3237, ch. 558, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 304, Sec. 4.02, eff. Jan. 1, 1992; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.03"> <num value="36.03">Sec. 36.03.</num> <heading>COERCION OF PUBLIC SERVANT OR VOTER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if by means of coercion he:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>influences or attempts to influence a public servant in a specific exercise of his official power or a specific performance of his official duty or influences or attempts to influence a public servant to violate the public servant's known legal duty; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>influences or attempts to influence a voter not to vote or to vote in a particular manner.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor unless the coercion is a threat to commit a felony, in which event it is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a)(1) of this section that the person who influences or attempts to influence the public servant is a member of the governing body of a governmental entity, and that the action that influences or attempts to influence the public servant is an official action taken by the member of the governing body. For the purposes of this subsection, the term "official action" includes deliberations by the governing body of a governmental entity.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 67, Sec. 1, 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.04"> <num value="36.04">Sec. 36.04.</num> <heading>IMPROPER INFLUENCE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he privately addresses a representation, entreaty, argument, or other communication to any public servant who exercises or will exercise official discretion in an adjudicatory proceeding with an intent to influence the outcome of the proceeding on the basis of considerations other than those authorized by law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "adjudicatory proceeding" means any proceeding before a court or any other agency of government in which the legal rights, powers, duties, or privileges of specified parties are determined.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05"> <num value="36.05">Sec. 36.05.</num> <heading>TAMPERING WITH WITNESS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to influence the witness, he offers, confers, or agrees to confer any benefit on a witness or prospective witness in an official proceeding, or he coerces a witness or a prospective witness in an official proceeding:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>to testify falsely;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>to withhold any testimony, information, document, or thing;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>to elude legal process summoning him to testify or supply evidence;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>to absent himself from an official proceeding to which he has been legally summoned; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>to abstain from, discontinue, or delay the prosecution of another.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A witness or prospective witness in an official proceeding commits an offense if he knowingly solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit on the representation or understanding that he will do any of the things specified in Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(5) that the benefit received was:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>reasonable restitution for damages suffered by the complaining witness as a result of the offense; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a result of an agreement negotiated with the assistance or acquiescence of an attorney for the state who represented the state in the case.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that if the official proceeding is part of the prosecution of a criminal case, an offense under this section is the same category of offense as the most serious offense charged in that criminal case.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Subsection (d), if the most serious offense charged is a capital felony, an offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> <continuation>(e-1) Notwithstanding Subsection (d), if the underlying official proceeding involves family violence, as defined by Section 71.004, Family Code, an offense under this section is the greater of:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the most serious offense charged in the criminal case.</content> <continuation>(e-2) Notwithstanding Subsections (d) and (e-1), if the underlying official proceeding involves family violence, as defined by Section 71.004, Family Code, and it is shown at the trial of the offense that the defendant has previously been convicted of an offense involving family violence under the laws of this state or another state, an offense under this section is the greater of:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the most serious offense charged in the criminal case.</content> <continuation>(e-3) For purposes of Subsection (a), a person is considered to coerce a witness or prospective witness if the person commits an act of family violence as defined by Section 71.004, Family Code, that is perpetrated, in part, with the intent to cause the witness's or prospective witness's unavailability or failure to comply and the offense is punishable under Subsection (e-1) or (e-2), as applicable.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.05/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 721, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 770 (H.B. 1856), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 165 (S.B. 1360), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 165 (S.B. 1360), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06"> <num value="36.06">Sec. 36.06.</num> <heading>OBSTRUCTION OR RETALIATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly harms or threatens to harm another by an unlawful act:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>in retaliation for or on account of the service or status of another as a:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>public servant, witness, prospective witness, or informant; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>person who has reported or who the actor knows intends to report the occurrence of a crime; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>to prevent or delay the service of another as a:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>public servant, witness, prospective witness, or informant; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>person who has reported or who the actor knows intends to report the occurrence of a crime.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person commits an offense if the person posts on a publicly accessible website or discloses through an electronic communication the residence address or telephone number of an individual the actor knows is a public servant or a member of a public servant's family or household with the intent to cause harm or a threat of harm to the individual or a member of the individual's family or household in retaliation for or on account of the service or status of the individual as a public servant.</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Electronic communication" has the meaning assigned by Section 42.07.</content> <continuation>(1-a) "Honorably retired peace officer" means a peace officer who:</continuation> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>did not retire in lieu of any disciplinary action;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>was eligible to retire from a law enforcement agency or was ineligible to retire only as a result of an injury received in the course of the officer's employment with the agency; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>is entitled to receive a pension or annuity for service as a law enforcement officer or is not entitled to receive a pension or annuity only because the law enforcement agency that employed the officer does not offer a pension or annuity to its employees.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Informant" means a person who has communicated information to the government in connection with any governmental function.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Public servant" has the meaning assigned by Section 1.07, except that the term also includes:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an honorably retired peace officer; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a person who contracts with the state to perform a service in a civil commitment facility or an employee of that person.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the victim of the offense was harmed or threatened because of the victim's service or status as a juror; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor's conduct is described by Subsection (a-1) and results in the bodily injury of a public servant or a member of a public servant's family or household.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of an offense under Subsection (a-1) involving the posting of a residence address or telephone number on a publicly accessible website, it is prima facie evidence of the intent to cause harm or a threat of harm to an individual the person knows is a public servant or a member of a public servant's family or household if the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>receives a written demand from the individual to not disclose the address or telephone number for reasons of safety; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>either:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>fails to remove the address or telephone number from the publicly accessible website within a period of 48 hours after receiving the demand; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>reposts the address or telephone number on the same or a different publicly accessible website, or makes the information publicly available through another medium, within a period of four years after receiving the demand, regardless of whether the individual is no longer a public servant.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3238, ch. 558, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 557, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 239, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 835, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 246, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 848 (S.B. 923), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 622 (H.B. 3425), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 622 (H.B. 3425), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1145 (S.B. 1610), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.07"> <num value="36.07">Sec. 36.07.</num> <heading>ACCEPTANCE OF HONORARIUM</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A public servant commits an offense if the public servant solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept an honorarium in consideration for services that the public servant would not have been requested to provide but for the public servant's official position or duties.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>This section does not prohibit a public servant from accepting transportation and lodging expenses in connection with a conference or similar event in which the public servant renders services, such as addressing an audience or engaging in a seminar, to the extent that those services are more than merely perfunctory, or from accepting meals in connection with such an event.</content> <continuation>(b-1) Transportation, lodging, and meals described by Subsection (b) are not political contributions as defined by Title 15, Election Code.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 304, Sec. 4.03, eff. Jan. 1, 1992. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 56 (S.B. 1269), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.08"> <num value="36.08">Sec. 36.08.</num> <heading>GIFT TO PUBLIC SERVANT BY PERSON SUBJECT TO HIS JURISDICTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A public servant in an agency performing regulatory functions or conducting inspections or investigations commits an offense if he solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit from a person the public servant knows to be subject to regulation, inspection, or investigation by the public servant or his agency.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A public servant in an agency having custody of prisoners commits an offense if he solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit from a person the public servant knows to be in his custody or the custody of his agency.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.08/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A public servant in an agency carrying on civil or criminal litigation on behalf of government commits an offense if he solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit from a person against whom the public servant knows litigation is pending or contemplated by the public servant or his agency.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.08/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A public servant who exercises discretion in connection with contracts, purchases, payments, claims, or other pecuniary transactions of government commits an offense if he solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit from a person the public servant knows is interested in or likely to become interested in any contract, purchase, payment, claim, or transaction involving the exercise of his discretion.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.08/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A public servant who has judicial or administrative authority, who is employed by or in a tribunal having judicial or administrative authority, or who participates in the enforcement of the tribunal's decision, commits an offense if he solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit from a person the public servant knows is interested in or likely to become interested in any matter before the public servant or tribunal.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.08/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>A member of the legislature, the governor, the lieutenant governor, or a person employed by a member of the legislature, the governor, the lieutenant governor, or an agency of the legislature commits an offense if he solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit from any person.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.08/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>A public servant who is a hearing examiner employed by an agency performing regulatory functions and who conducts hearings in contested cases commits an offense if the public servant solicits, accepts, or agrees to accept any benefit from any person who is appearing before the agency in a contested case, who is doing business with the agency, or who the public servant knows is interested in any matter before the public servant. The exception provided by Sec. 36.10(b) does not apply to a benefit under this subsection.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.08/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.08/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <content>A public servant who receives an unsolicited benefit that the public servant is prohibited from accepting under this section may donate the benefit to a governmental entity that has the authority to accept the gift or may donate the benefit to a recognized tax-exempt charitable organization formed for educational, religious, or scientific purposes.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 915, ch. 342, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3238, ch. 558, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 304, Sec. 4.04, eff. Jan. 1, 1992; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.09"> <num value="36.09">Sec. 36.09.</num> <heading>OFFERING GIFT TO PUBLIC SERVANT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he offers, confers, or agrees to confer any benefit on a public servant that he knows the public servant is prohibited by law from accepting.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10"> <num value="36.10">Sec. 36.10.</num> <heading>NON-APPLICABLE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Sections 36.08 (Gift to Public Servant) and 36.09 (Offering Gift to Public Servant) do not apply to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a fee prescribed by law to be received by a public servant or any other benefit to which the public servant is lawfully entitled or for which he gives legitimate consideration in a capacity other than as a public servant;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a gift or other benefit conferred on account of kinship or a personal, professional, or business relationship independent of the official status of the recipient;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a benefit to a public servant required to file a statement under Chapter 572, Government Code, or a report under Title 15, Election Code, that is derived from a function in honor or appreciation of the recipient if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the benefit and the source of any benefit in excess of $50 is reported in the statement; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the benefit is used solely to defray the expenses that accrue in the performance of duties or activities in connection with the office which are nonreimbursable by the state or political subdivision;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a political contribution as defined by Title 15, Election Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a gift, award, or memento to a member of the legislative or executive branch that is required to be reported under Chapter 305, Government Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>an item with a value of less than $50, excluding cash or a negotiable instrument as described by Section 3.104, Business & Commerce Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>an item issued by a governmental entity that allows the use of property or facilities owned, leased, or operated by the governmental entity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>transportation, lodging, and meals described by Section 36.07(b); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <chapeau>complimentary legal advice or legal services relating to a will, power of attorney, advance directive, or other estate planning document rendered:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to a public servant who is a first responder; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>through a program or clinic that is:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>operated by a local bar association or the State Bar of Texas; and</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>approved by the head of the agency employing the public servant, if the public servant is employed by an agency.</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Section 36.08 (Gift to Public Servant) does not apply to food, lodging, transportation, or entertainment accepted as a guest and, if the donee is required by law to report those items, reported by the donee in accordance with that law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Section 36.09 (Offering Gift to Public Servant) does not apply to food, lodging, transportation, or entertainment accepted as a guest and, if the donor is required by law to report those items, reported by the donor in accordance with that law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Section 36.08 (Gift to Public Servant) does not apply to a gratuity accepted and reported in accordance with Section 11.0262, Parks and Wildlife Code. Section 36.09 (Offering Gift to Public Servant) does not apply to a gratuity that is offered in accordance with Section 11.0262, Parks and Wildlife Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "first responder" means:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a peace officer whose duties include responding rapidly to an emergency;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>fire protection personnel, as that term is defined by Section 419.021, Government Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a volunteer firefighter who performs firefighting duties on behalf of a political subdivision and who is not serving as a member of the Texas Legislature or holding a statewide elected office;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>an ambulance driver; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c36/s36.10/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>an individual certified as emergency medical services personnel by the Department of State Health Services.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 915, ch. 342, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2707, ch. 738, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1982; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3240, ch. 558, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 472, Sec. 60, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 304, Sec. 4.05, eff. Jan. 1, 1992; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 5.95(38), eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 639 (H.B. 2685), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 56 (S.B. 1269), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1149 (S.B. 148), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37"> <num value="37">CHAPTER 37.</num> <heading>PERJURY AND OTHER FALSIFICATION</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01"> <num value="37.01">Sec. 37.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Court record" means a decree, judgment, order, subpoena, warrant, minutes, or other document issued by a court of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>this state;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>another state;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the United States;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a foreign country recognized by an act of congress or a treaty or other international convention to which the United States is a party;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>an Indian tribe recognized by the United States; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>any other jurisdiction, territory, or protectorate entitled to full faith and credit in this state under the United States Constitution.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Governmental record" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>anything belonging to, received by, or kept by government for information, including a court record;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>anything required by law to be kept by others for information of government;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a license, certificate, permit, seal, title, letter of patent, or similar document issued by government, by another state, by the United States, or by a foreign government engaged in a reciprocal treaty or memorandum of understanding with the United States;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a standard proof of motor vehicle liability insurance form described by Section 601.081, Transportation Code, a certificate of an insurance company described by Section 601.083 of that code, a document purporting to be such a form or certificate that is not issued by an insurer authorized to write motor vehicle liability insurance in this state, an electronic submission in a form described by Section 502.046(i), Transportation Code, or an evidence of financial responsibility described by Section 601.053 of that code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>an official ballot or other election record;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>the written documentation a mobile food unit is required to obtain under Section 437.0074, Health and Safety Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>a temporary tag issued under Chapter 502 or 503, Transportation Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Statement" means any representation of fact.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 113, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 189, Sec. 5, eff. May 21, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 823, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 659, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 393, Sec. 21, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1276 (H.B. 3672), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 161 (S.B. 1093), Sec. 16.004, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 125 (H.B. 914), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 623 (H.B. 4337), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.02"> <num value="37.02">Sec. 37.02.</num> <heading>PERJURY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to deceive and with knowledge of the statement's meaning:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>he makes a false statement under oath or swears to the truth of a false statement previously made and the statement is required or authorized by law to be made under oath; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>he makes a false unsworn declaration under Chapter 132, Civil Practice and Remedies Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.03"> <num value="37.03">Sec. 37.03.</num> <heading>AGGRAVATED PERJURY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he commits perjury as defined in Section 37.02, and the false statement:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is made during or in connection with an official proceeding; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is material.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.04"> <num value="37.04">Sec. 37.04.</num> <heading>MATERIALITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A statement is material, regardless of the admissibility of the statement under the rules of evidence, if it could have affected the course or outcome of the official proceeding.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is no defense to prosecution under Section 37.03 (Aggravated Perjury) that the declarant mistakenly believed the statement to be immaterial.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Whether a statement is material in a given factual situation is a question of law.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.05"> <num value="37.05">Sec. 37.05.</num> <heading>RETRACTION</heading> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under Section 37.03 (Aggravated Perjury) that the actor retracted his false statement:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>before completion of the testimony at the official proceeding; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>before it became manifest that the falsity of the statement would be exposed.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.06"> <num value="37.06">Sec. 37.06.</num> <heading>INCONSISTENT STATEMENTS</heading> <content>An information or indictment for perjury under Section 37.02 or aggravated perjury under Section 37.03 that alleges that the declarant has made statements under oath, both of which cannot be true, need not allege which statement is false. At the trial the prosecution need not prove which statement is false.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.07"> <num value="37.07">Sec. 37.07.</num> <heading>IRREGULARITIES NO DEFENSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>It is no defense to prosecution under Section 37.02 (Perjury) or 37.03 (Aggravated Perjury) that the oath was administered or taken in an irregular manner, or that there was some irregularity in the appointment or qualification of the person who administered the oath.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is no defense to prosecution under Section 37.02 (Perjury) or 37.03 (Aggravated Perjury) that a document was not sworn to if the document contains a recital that it was made under oath, the declarant was aware of the recital when he signed the document, and the document contains the signed jurat of a public servant authorized to administer oaths.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.08"> <num value="37.08">Sec. 37.08.</num> <heading>FALSE REPORT TO PEACE OFFICER, FEDERAL SPECIAL INVESTIGATOR, LAW ENFORCEMENT EMPLOYEE, CORRECTIONS OFFICER, OR JAILER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to deceive, he knowingly makes a false statement that is material to a criminal investigation and makes the statement to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a peace officer or federal special investigator conducting the investigation;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>any employee of a law enforcement agency that is authorized by the agency to conduct the investigation and that the actor knows is conducting the investigation; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.08/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a corrections officer or jailer.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In this section, "law enforcement agency" has the meaning assigned by Article 59.01, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.08/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 925, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 839 (H.B. 3423), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 513 (S.B. 405), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 513 (S.B. 405), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.081"> <num value="37.081">Sec. 37.081.</num> <heading>FALSE REPORT REGARDING MISSING CHILD OR MISSING PERSON</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.081/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to deceive, the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.081/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>files a false report of a missing child or missing person with a law enforcement officer or agency; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.081/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>makes a false statement to a law enforcement officer or other employee of a law enforcement agency relating to a missing child or missing person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.081/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 200, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.082"> <num value="37.082">Sec. 37.082.</num> <heading>MISREPRESENTING CHILD AS FAMILY MEMBER AT PORT OF ENTRY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.082/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.082/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means a person younger than 18 years of age.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.082/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Family member" means a person who is related to another person by consanguinity or affinity.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.082/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Port of entry" means a place designated by executive order of the president of the United States, by order of the United States secretary of the treasury, or by act of the United States Congress at which a customs officer is authorized to enforce customs laws.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.082/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person, with intent to commit an offense under Section 20A.02, knowingly misrepresents a child as a family member of the person to a peace officer or federal special investigator at a port of entry.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.082/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.082/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1277 (H.B. 888), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.09"> <num value="37.09">Sec. 37.09.</num> <heading>TAMPERING WITH OR FABRICATING PHYSICAL EVIDENCE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, knowing that an investigation or official proceeding is pending or in progress, he:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>alters, destroys, or conceals any record, document, or thing with intent to impair its verity, legibility, or availability as evidence in the investigation or official proceeding; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>makes, presents, or uses any record, document, or thing with knowledge of its falsity and with intent to affect the course or outcome of the investigation or official proceeding.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>This section shall not apply if the record, document, or thing concealed is privileged or is the work product of the parties to the investigation or official proceeding.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.09/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) or Subsection (d)(1) is a felony of the third degree, unless the thing altered, destroyed, or concealed is a human corpse, in which case the offense is a felony of the second degree. An offense under Subsection (d)(2) is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> <continuation>(c-1) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a) or (d)(1) that the record, document, or thing was visual material prohibited under Section 43.261 that was destroyed as described by Subsection (f)(3) of that section.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.09/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>knowing that an offense has been committed, alters, destroys, or conceals any record, document, or thing with intent to impair its verity, legibility, or availability as evidence in any subsequent investigation of or official proceeding related to the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>observes a human corpse under circumstances in which a reasonable person would believe that an offense had been committed, knows or reasonably should know that a law enforcement agency is not aware of the existence of or location of the corpse, and fails to report the existence of and location of the corpse to a law enforcement agency.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.09/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>In this section, "human corpse" has the meaning assigned by Section 42.08.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 565, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1284, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 287 (H.B. 872), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1322 (S.B. 407), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 915 (H.B. 3607), Sec. 16.004, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10"> <num value="37.10">Sec. 37.10.</num> <heading>TAMPERING WITH GOVERNMENTAL RECORD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>knowingly makes a false entry in, or false alteration of, a governmental record;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>makes, presents, or uses any record, document, or thing with knowledge of its falsity and with intent that it be taken as a genuine governmental record;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>intentionally destroys, conceals, removes, or otherwise impairs the verity, legibility, or availability of a governmental record;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>possesses, sells, or offers to sell a governmental record or a blank governmental record form with intent that it be used unlawfully;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>makes, presents, or uses a governmental record with knowledge of its falsity; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>possesses, sells, or offers to sell a governmental record or a blank governmental record form with knowledge that it was obtained unlawfully.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a)(3) that the governmental record is destroyed pursuant to legal authorization or transferred under Section 441.204, Government Code. With regard to the destruction of a local government record, legal authorization includes compliance with the provisions of Subtitle C, Title 6, Local Government Code.</content> <continuation>(c)(1) Except as provided by Subdivisions (2), (3), (4), (5), and (6), and by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor unless the actor's intent is to defraud or harm another, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the governmental record was:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a public school record, report, or assessment instrument required under Chapter 39, Education Code, data reported for a school district or open-enrollment charter school to the Texas Education Agency through the Public Education Information Management System (PEIMS) described by Sections 48.008 and 48.009, Education Code, under a law or rule requiring that reporting, or a license, certificate, permit, seal, title, letter of patent, or similar document issued by government, by another state, or by the United States, unless the actor's intent is to defraud or harm another, in which event the offense is a felony of the second degree;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a written report of a medical, chemical, toxicological, ballistic, or other expert examination or test performed on physical evidence for the purpose of determining the connection or relevance of the evidence to a criminal action;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a written report of the certification, inspection, or maintenance record of an instrument, apparatus, implement, machine, or other similar device used in the course of an examination or test performed on physical evidence for the purpose of determining the connection or relevance of the evidence to a criminal action; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a search warrant issued by a magistrate.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the governmental record is a governmental record that is required for enrollment of a student in a school district and was used by the actor to establish the residency of the student.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the governmental record is a written appraisal filed with an appraisal review board under Section 41.43(a-1), Tax Code, that was performed by a person who had a contingency interest in the outcome of the appraisal review board hearing.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor if the governmental record is an application for a place on the ballot under Section 141.031, Election Code, and the actor knowingly provides false information under Subsection (a)(4)(G) of that section.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor if the governmental record is a temporary tag issued under Chapter 502 or 503, Transportation Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section, if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the governmental record is described by Section 37.01(2)(D), is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(2) or Subsection (a)(5) and the defendant is convicted of presenting or using the record;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed under:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>Subsection (a)(1), (3), (4), or (6); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>Subsection (a)(2) or (5) and the defendant is convicted of making the record; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree, notwithstanding Subdivisions (1) and (2), if the actor's intent in committing the offense was to defraud or harm another.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution for possession under Subsection (a)(6) that the possession occurred in the actual discharge of official duties as a public servant.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(1), (a)(2), or (a)(5) that the false entry or false information could have no effect on the government's purpose for requiring the governmental record.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>A person is presumed to intend to defraud or harm another if the person acts with respect to two or more of the same type of governmental records or blank governmental record forms and if each governmental record or blank governmental record form is a license, certificate, permit, seal, title, or similar document issued by government.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under Section 32.48 or 37.13, the actor may be prosecuted under any of those sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to prosecute an offense under this section that involves the state Medicaid program.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.10/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <content>It is not a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2) that the record, document, or thing made, presented, or used displays or contains the statement "NOT A GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT" or another substantially similar statement intended to alert a person to the falsity of the record, document, or thing, unless the record, document, or thing displays the statement diagonally printed clearly and indelibly on both the front and back of the record, document, or thing in solid red capital letters at least one-fourth inch in height.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1248, Sec. 66, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 113, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 565, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 189, Sec. 6, eff. May 21, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 823, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 659, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 718, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 771, Sec. 3, eff. June 13, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 198, Sec. 2.139, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 257, Sec. 16, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1364 (H.B. 126), Sec. 1, eff. June 18, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1085 (H.B. 3024), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 73 (H.B. 1813), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1130 (H.B. 2086), Sec. 31, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 510 (S.B. 124), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 690 (H.B. 644), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 943 (H.B. 3), Sec. 3.087, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1006 (H.B. 4555), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 125 (H.B. 914), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.101"> <num value="37.101">Sec. 37.101.</num> <heading>FRAUDULENT FILING OF FINANCING STATEMENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.101/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly presents for filing or causes to be presented for filing a financing statement that the person knows:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.101/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is forged;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.101/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>contains a material false statement; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.101/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is groundless.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.101/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the third degree, unless it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person had previously been convicted under this section on two or more occasions, in which event the offense is a felony of the second degree. An offense under Subsection (a)(2) or (a)(3) is a Class A misdemeanor, unless the person commits the offense with the intent to defraud or harm another, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 189, Sec. 10, eff. May 21, 1997.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.11"> <num value="37.11">Sec. 37.11.</num> <heading>IMPERSONATING PUBLIC SERVANT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>impersonates a public servant with intent to induce another to submit to the person's pretended official authority or to rely on the person's pretended official acts; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>knowingly purports to exercise, without legal authority, any function of a public servant or of a public office, including that of a judge and court.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 189, Sec. 7, eff. May 21, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 243 (S.B. 1820), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.12"> <num value="37.12">Sec. 37.12.</num> <heading>FALSE IDENTIFICATION AS PEACE OFFICER; MISREPRESENTATION OF PROPERTY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.12/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person makes, provides to another person, or possesses a card, document, badge, insignia, shoulder emblem, or other item, including a vehicle, bearing an insignia of a law enforcement agency that identifies a person as a peace officer or a reserve law enforcement officer; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person who makes, provides, or possesses the item bearing the insignia knows that the person so identified by the item is not commissioned as a peace officer or reserve law enforcement officer as indicated on the item.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.12/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the card, document, badge, insignia, shoulder emblem, or other item bearing an insignia of a law enforcement agency clearly identifies the person as an honorary or junior peace officer or reserve law enforcement officer, or as a member of a junior posse; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person identified as a peace officer or reserve law enforcement officer by the item bearing the insignia was commissioned in that capacity when the item was made.</content> <continuation>(b-1) It is an exception to the application of this section that the item was used or intended for use exclusively for decorative purposes or in an artistic or dramatic presentation.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.12/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>In this section, "reserve law enforcement officer" has the same meaning as is given that term in Section 1701.001, Occupations Code.</content> <continuation>(c-1) For purposes of this section, an item bearing an insignia of a law enforcement agency includes an item that contains the word "police," "sheriff," "constable," or "trooper."</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.12/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly misrepresents an object, including a vehicle, as property belonging to a law enforcement agency. For purposes of this subsection, intentionally or knowingly misrepresenting an object as property belonging to a law enforcement agency includes intentionally or knowingly displaying an item bearing an insignia of a law enforcement agency in a manner that would lead a reasonable person to interpret the item as property belonging to a law enforcement agency.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.12/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5672, ch. 1075, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 514, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.831, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 982 (H.B. 683), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.13"> <num value="37.13">Sec. 37.13.</num> <heading>RECORD OF A FRAUDULENT COURT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.13/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person makes, presents, or uses any document or other record with:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.13/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>knowledge that the document or other record is not a record of a court created under or established by the constitution or laws of this state or of the United States; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.13/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the intent that the document or other record be given the same legal effect as a record of a court created under or established by the constitution or laws of this state or of the United States.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.13/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has previously been convicted under this section on two or more occasions.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.13/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under Section 32.48 or 37.10, the actor may be prosecuted under any of those sections.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 189, Sec. 8, eff. May 21, 1997.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.14"> <num value="37.14">Sec. 37.14.</num> <heading>FALSE STATEMENT REGARDING CHILD CUSTODY DETERMINATION MADE IN FOREIGN COUNTRY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.14/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "child custody determination" has the meaning assigned by Section 152.102, Family Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.14/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly makes or causes to be made a false statement relating to a child custody determination made in a foreign country during a hearing held under Chapter 152 or Subchapter I, Chapter 153, Family Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c37/s37.14/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 92 (S.B. 1490), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38"> <num value="38">CHAPTER 38.</num> <heading>OBSTRUCTING GOVERNMENTAL OPERATION</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01"> <num value="38.01">Sec. 38.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Custody" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>under arrest by a peace officer or under restraint by a public servant pursuant to an order of a court of this state or another state of the United States; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>under restraint by an agent or employee of a facility that is operated by or under contract with the United States and that confines persons arrested for, charged with, or convicted of criminal offenses.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Escape" means unauthorized departure from custody or failure to return to custody following temporary leave for a specific purpose or limited period or leave that is part of an intermittent sentence, but does not include a violation of conditions of community supervision or parole other than conditions that impose a period of confinement in a secure correctional facility.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Economic benefit" means anything reasonably regarded as an economic gain or advantage, including accepting or offering to accept employment for a fee, accepting or offering to accept a fee, entering into a fee contract, or accepting or agreeing to accept money or anything of value.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Finance" means to provide funds or capital or to furnish with necessary funds.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Fugitive from justice" means a person for whom a valid arrest warrant has been issued.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Governmental function" includes any activity that a public servant is lawfully authorized to undertake on behalf of government.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Invest funds" means to commit money to earn a financial return.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Member of the family" means anyone related within the third degree of consanguinity or affinity, as determined under Chapter 573, Government Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <chapeau>"Qualified nonprofit organization" means a nonprofit organization that meets the following conditions:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the primary purposes of the organization do not include the rendition of legal services or education regarding legal services;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the recommending, furnishing, paying for, or educating persons regarding legal services is incidental and reasonably related to the primary purposes of the organization;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the organization does not derive a financial benefit from the rendition of legal services by a lawyer; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the person for whom the legal services are rendered, and not the organization, is recognized as the client of a lawyer.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>"Public media" means a telephone directory or legal directory, newspaper or other periodical, billboard or other sign, radio or television broadcast, recorded message the public may access by dialing a telephone number, or a written communication not prohibited by Section 38.12(d).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>"Solicit employment" means to communicate in person or by telephone with a prospective client or a member of the prospective client's family concerning professional employment within the scope of a professional's license, registration, or certification arising out of a particular occurrence or event, or series of occurrences or events, or concerning an existing problem of the prospective client within the scope of the professional's license, registration, or certification, for the purpose of providing professional services to the prospective client, when neither the person receiving the communication nor anyone acting on that person's behalf has requested the communication. The term does not include a communication initiated by a family member of the person receiving a communication, a communication by a professional who has a prior or existing professional-client relationship with the person receiving the communication, or communication by an attorney for a qualified nonprofit organization with the organization's members for the purpose of educating the organization's members to understand the law, to recognize legal problems, to make intelligent selection of legal counsel, or to use available legal services. The term does not include an advertisement by a professional through public media.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.01/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <content>"Professional" means an attorney, chiropractor, physician, surgeon, private investigator, or any other person licensed, certified, or registered by a state agency that regulates a health care profession.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 866, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, Sec. 284(14), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 561, Sec. 42, eff. Aug. 26, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 723, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 5.95(27), eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 321, Sec. 1.103, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 293, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 750, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02"> <num value="38.02">Sec. 38.02.</num> <heading>FAILURE TO IDENTIFY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally refuses to give his name, residence address, or date of birth to a peace officer who has lawfully arrested the person and requested the information.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally gives a false or fictitious name, residence address, or date of birth to a peace officer who has:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>lawfully arrested the person;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>lawfully detained the person; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>requested the information from a person that the peace officer has good cause to believe is a witness to a criminal offense.</content> <continuation>(b-1) A person commits an offense if the person:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is an operator of a motor vehicle, as defined by Section 32.34, who is lawfully detained by a peace officer for an alleged violation of a law;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>fails to provide or display the person's driver's license on the officer's request for the license; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>intentionally refuses to give the person's name, driver's license number, residence address, or date of birth to the peace officer on the officer's request for that information.</content> <continuation>(b-2) For purposes of Subsection (b-1)(3), giving a peace officer a residence address that is different from the address associated with the person's driver's license does not constitute a refusal to give the person's residence address in violation of that provision if the address given to the officer is the person's actual residence address.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsections (d) and (d-1), an offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (a) or (b-1); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (b).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>If it is shown on the trial of an offense under this section that the defendant was a fugitive from justice at the time of the offense, the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (a); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the offense is committed under Subsection (b).</content> <continuation>(d-1) An offense under Subsection (b-1) is a Class B misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor gave a false or fictitious name to the peace officer during the commission of the offense.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under Section 106.07, Alcoholic Beverage Code, the actor may be prosecuted only under Section 106.07.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>Subject to Subsection (e), if conduct that constitutes an offense under Subsection (b-1) also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under that subsection, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 869, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987. Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 821, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1009, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1164 (S.B. 1551), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.03"> <num value="38.03">Sec. 38.03.</num> <heading>RESISTING ARREST, SEARCH, OR TRANSPORTATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally prevents or obstructs a person he knows is a peace officer or a person acting in a peace officer's presence and at his direction from effecting an arrest, search, or transportation of the actor or another by using force against the peace officer or another.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is no defense to prosecution under this section that the arrest or search was unlawful.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as provided in Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if the actor uses a deadly weapon to resist the arrest or search.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 277, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.04"> <num value="38.04">Sec. 38.04.</num> <heading>EVADING ARREST OR DETENTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally flees from a person he knows is a peace officer or federal special investigator attempting lawfully to arrest or detain him.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 839 (H.B. 3423), Sec. 4, and Ch. 391 (S.B. 496), Sec. 1 (b) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is: (1) a state jail felony if: (A) the actor has been previously convicted under this section; or (B) the actor uses a vehicle or watercraft while the actor is in flight and the actor has not been previously convicted under this section; (2) a felony of the third degree if: (A) the actor uses a vehicle or watercraft while the actor is in flight and the actor has been previously convicted under this section; or (B) another suffers serious bodily injury as a direct result of an attempt by the officer or investigator from whom the actor is fleeing to apprehend the actor while the actor is in flight; or (3) a felony of the second degree if another suffers death as a direct result of an attempt by the officer or investigator from whom the actor is fleeing to apprehend the actor while the actor is in flight. Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 920 (S.B. 1416), Sec. 3 (b) An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is: (1) a state jail felony if the actor has been previously convicted under this section; (2) a felony of the third degree if: (A) the actor uses a vehicle while the actor is in flight; (B) another suffers serious bodily injury as a direct result of an attempt by the officer from whom the actor is fleeing to apprehend the actor while the actor is in flight; or (C) the actor uses a tire deflation device against the officer while the actor is in flight; or (3) a felony of the second degree if: (A) another suffers death as a direct result of an attempt by the officer from whom the actor is fleeing to apprehend the actor while the actor is in flight; or (B) another suffers serious bodily injury as a direct result of the actor's use of a tire deflation device while the actor is in flight. (b-1) Notwithstanding Subsection (b), an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense in the course of committing an offense under Section 20.05(a)(2). (c) In this section: (1) "Vehicle" has the meaning assigned by Section 541.201, Transportation Code. (2) "Tire deflation device" has the meaning assigned by Section 46.01. (3) "Watercraft" has the meaning assigned by Section 49.01. (d) A person who is subject to prosecution under both this section and another law may be prosecuted under either or both this section and the other law. Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 504, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987. Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 126, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 708, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 30.240, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1334, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1480, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1400 (H.B. 221), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 391 (S.B. 496), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 839 (H.B. 3423), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 920 (S.B. 1416), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 161 (S.B. 1093), Sec. 22.001(38), eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 11, eff. February 6, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.05"> <num value="38.05">Sec. 38.05.</num> <heading>HINDERING APPREHENSION OR PROSECUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to hinder the arrest, prosecution, conviction, or punishment of another for an offense or, with intent to hinder the arrest, detention, adjudication, or disposition of a child for engaging in delinquent conduct that violates a penal law of the state, or with intent to hinder the arrest of another under the authority of a warrant or capias, he:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>harbors or conceals the other;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>provides or aids in providing the other with any means of avoiding arrest or effecting escape; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>warns the other of impending discovery or apprehension.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(3) that the warning was given in connection with an effort to bring another into compliance with the law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (d), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if the person who is harbored, concealed, provided with a means of avoiding arrest or effecting escape, or warned of discovery or apprehension is under arrest for, charged with, or convicted of a felony, including an offense under Section 62.102, Code of Criminal Procedure, or is in custody or detention for, is alleged in a petition to have engaged in, or has been adjudicated as having engaged in delinquent conduct that violates a penal law of the grade of felony, including an offense under Section 62.102, Code of Criminal Procedure, and the person charged under this section knew that the person they harbored, concealed, provided with a means of avoiding arrest or effecting escape, or warned of discovery or apprehension is under arrest for, charged with, or convicted of a felony, or is in custody or detention for, is alleged in a petition to have engaged in, or has been adjudicated as having engaged in delinquent conduct that violates a penal law of the grade of felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 748, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 11, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 607 (H.B. 2104), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 1.19, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06"> <num value="38.06">Sec. 38.06.</num> <heading>ESCAPE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person escapes from custody when the person is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>under arrest for, lawfully detained for, charged with, or convicted of an offense;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>in custody pursuant to a lawful order of a court;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>detained in a secure detention facility, as that term is defined by Section 51.02, Family Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>in the custody of a juvenile probation officer for violating an order imposed by the juvenile court under Section 52.01, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided in Subsections (c), (d), and (e), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is under arrest for, charged with, or convicted of a felony;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is confined or lawfully detained in a secure correctional facility or law enforcement facility; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is committed to or lawfully detained in a secure correctional facility, as defined by Section 51.02, Family Code, other than a halfway house, operated by or under contract with the Texas Juvenile Justice Department.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree if the actor to effect his escape causes bodily injury.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree if to effect his escape the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>causes serious bodily injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>uses or threatens to use a deadly weapon.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 328, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 38.07 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 526, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 908 (H.B. 2884), Sec. 38, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1330 (S.B. 844), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 734 (H.B. 1549), Sec. 143, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07"> <num value="38.07">Sec. 38.07.</num> <heading>PERMITTING OR FACILITATING ESCAPE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>An official or employee of a correctional facility commits an offense if he knowingly permits or facilitates the escape of a person in custody.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he knowingly causes or facilitates the escape of one who is in custody pursuant to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>an allegation or adjudication of delinquency; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>involuntary commitment for mental illness under Subtitle C, Title 7, Health and Safety Code, or for chemical dependency under Chapter 462, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as provided in Subsections (d) and (e), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if the person in custody:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was under arrest for, charged with, or convicted of a felony; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was confined in a correctional facility other than a secure correctional facility after conviction of a felony.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor or the person in custody used or threatened to use a deadly weapon to effect the escape; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person in custody was confined in a secure correctional facility after conviction of a felony.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "correctional facility" means:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any place described by Section 1.07(a)(14); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a "secure correctional facility" or "secure detention facility" as those terms are defined by Section 51.02, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 38.08 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 908 (H.B. 2884), Sec. 39, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.08"> <num value="38.08">Sec. 38.08.</num> <heading>EFFECT OF UNLAWFUL CUSTODY</heading> <content>It is no defense to prosecution under Section 38.06 or 38.07 that the custody was unlawful.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 38.09 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.09"> <num value="38.09">Sec. 38.09.</num> <heading>IMPLEMENTS FOR ESCAPE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent to facilitate escape, he introduces into a correctional facility, or provides a person in custody or an inmate with, a deadly weapon or anything that may be useful for escape.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree unless the actor introduced or provided a deadly weapon, in which event the offense is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.09/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "correctional facility" means:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any place described by Section 1.07(a)(14); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a "secure correctional facility" or "secure detention facility" as those terms are defined by Section 51.02, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 38.10 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 908 (H.B. 2884), Sec. 40, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.10"> <num value="38.10">Sec. 38.10.</num> <heading>BAIL JUMPING AND FAILURE TO APPEAR</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.10/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person lawfully released from custody, with or without bail, on condition that he subsequently appear commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly fails to appear in accordance with the terms of his release.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.10/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the appearance was incident to community supervision, parole, or an intermittent sentence.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.10/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor had a reasonable excuse for his failure to appear in accordance with the terms of his release.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.10/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Except as provided in Subsections (e) and (f), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.10/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor if the offense for which the actor's appearance was required is punishable by fine only.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.10/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree if the offense for which the actor's appearance was required is classified as a felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 38.11 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11"> <num value="38.11">Sec. 38.11.</num> <heading>PROHIBITED SUBSTANCES AND ITEMS IN CORRECTIONAL OR CIVIL COMMITMENT FACILITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person provides, or possesses with the intent to provide:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>an alcoholic beverage, controlled substance, or dangerous drug to a person in the custody of a correctional facility or residing in a civil commitment facility, except on the prescription of a practitioner;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a deadly weapon to a person in the custody of a correctional facility or residing in a civil commitment facility;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device or a component of one of those devices to a person in the custody of a correctional facility;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>money to a person confined in a correctional facility; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>a cigarette or tobacco product to a person confined in a correctional facility, except that if the facility is a local jail regulated by the Commission on Jail Standards, the person commits an offense only if providing the cigarette or tobacco product violates a rule or regulation adopted by the sheriff or jail administrator that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>prohibits the possession of a cigarette or tobacco product by a person confined in the jail; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>places restrictions on:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the possession of a cigarette or tobacco product by a person confined in the jail; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>the manner in which a cigarette or tobacco product may be provided to a person confined in the jail.</content> </clause> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person takes an alcoholic beverage, controlled substance, or dangerous drug into a correctional facility or civil commitment facility.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person takes a controlled substance or dangerous drug on property owned, used, or controlled by a correctional facility or civil commitment facility.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>possesses an alcoholic beverage, controlled substance, or dangerous drug while in a correctional facility or civil commitment facility or on property owned, used, or controlled by a correctional facility or civil commitment facility; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>possesses a deadly weapon while in a correctional facility or civil commitment facility.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b), (c), or (d)(1) that the person possessed the alcoholic beverage, controlled substance, or dangerous drug pursuant to a prescription issued by a practitioner or while delivering the beverage, substance, or drug to a warehouse, pharmacy, or practitioner on property owned, used, or controlled by the correctional facility or civil commitment facility. It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (d)(2) that the person possessing the deadly weapon is a peace officer or is an officer or employee of the correctional facility or civil commitment facility who is authorized to possess the deadly weapon while on duty or traveling to or from the person's place of assignment.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Practitioner" has the meaning assigned by Section 481.002, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Prescription" has the meaning assigned by Section 481.002, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Cigarette" has the meaning assigned by Section 154.001, Tax Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Tobacco product" has the meaning assigned by Section 155.001, Tax Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Component" means any item necessary for the current, ongoing, or future operation of a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device, including a subscriber identity module card or functionally equivalent portable memory chip, a battery or battery charger, and any number of minutes that have been purchased or for which a contract has been entered into and during which a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device is capable of transmitting or receiving communications.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>"Correctional facility" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>any place described by Section 1.07(a)(14)(A), (B), or (C); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a secure correctional facility or secure detention facility, as defined by Section 51.02, Family Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>Except as otherwise provided by Subsections (g-1) and (g-2), an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> <continuation>(g-1) Except as otherwise provided by Subsection (g-2), an offense under Subsection (a)(1), (b), or (c) committed with respect to a correctional facility is a felony of the second degree if the actor is employed by the correctional facility.</continuation> <continuation>(g-2) An offense under Subsection (a)(1), (b), or (c) committed with respect to a correctional facility is a felony of the first degree punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life or for a term of not more than 99 years or less than 15 years, and a fine not to exceed $250,000 if:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor is employed by the correctional facility; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the ingestion, inhalation, injection, or other administration of the controlled substance or dangerous drug that is the subject of the offense causes the death of a person in the custody of the correctional facility.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Section 15.01(d), if a person commits the offense of criminal attempt to commit an offense under Subsection (a), (b), or (c), the offense committed under Section 15.01 is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b) that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is a duly authorized member of the clergy with rights and privileges granted by an ordaining authority that includes administration of a religious ritual or ceremony requiring the presence or consumption of an alcoholic beverage; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>takes four ounces or less of an alcoholic beverage into a correctional facility and personally consumes all of the alcoholic beverage or departs from the facility with any portion of the beverage not consumed.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person, while confined in a correctional facility, possesses a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device or a component of one of those devices.</content> <continuation>(j-1) A person commits an offense if the person, while residing in a civil commitment facility, possesses a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device or a component of one of those devices unless the device or component is authorized by the Texas Civil Commitment Office.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/k"> <num value="k">(k)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to provide to or make a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device or a component of one of those devices available for use by a person in the custody of a correctional facility or residing in a civil commitment facility, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>acquires a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device or a component of one of those devices to be delivered to the person in custody or residing in the facility;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>provides a cellular telephone or other wireless communications device or a component of one of those devices to another person for delivery to the person in custody or residing in the facility; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.11/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>makes a payment to a communication common carrier, as defined by Article 18A.001, Code of Criminal Procedure, or to any communication service that provides to its users the ability to send or receive wire or electronic communications.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 10, Sec. 5.01, eff. Oct. 1, 1991. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 38.112 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 362, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 649, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 470, Sec. 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 499 (H.B. 549), Sec. 1, eff. June 17, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 949 (H.B. 1575), Sec. 48, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1092 (H.B. 2077), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Reenacted and amended by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1169 (H.B. 3228), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 30, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 31, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1058 (H.B. 2931), Sec. 3.19, eff. January 1, 2019. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 351 (S.B. 1179), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 625 (H.B. 3464), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111"> <num value="38.111">Sec. 38.111.</num> <heading>IMPROPER CONTACT WITH VICTIM</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, while confined in a correctional facility after being charged with or convicted of an offense under Section 42.072 or listed in Article 62.001(5), Code of Criminal Procedure, contacts by letter, telephone, or any other means, either directly or through a third party, a victim of the offense or a member of the victim's family, if the director of the correctional facility has not, before the person makes contact with the victim:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>received written and dated consent to the contact from:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the victim, if the victim was 17 years of age or older at the time of the commission of the offense for which the person is confined; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>if the victim was younger than 17 years of age at the time of the commission of the offense for which the person is confined:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>a parent of the victim;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>a legal guardian of the victim;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>the victim, if the victim is 17 years of age or older at the time of giving the consent; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>a member of the victim's family who is 17 years of age or older; and</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>provided the person with a copy of the consent.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The person confined in a correctional facility may not give the written consent required under Subsection (a)(2)(A).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the contact was:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>indirect contact made through an attorney representing the person in custody; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>solely for the purpose of representing the person in a criminal proceeding.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor unless the actor is confined in a correctional facility after being convicted of a felony described by Subsection (a), in which event the offense is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "correctional facility" means:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any place described by Section 1.07(a)(14); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.111/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a "secure correctional facility" or "secure detention facility" as those terms are defined by Section 51.02, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1337, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1008 (H.B. 867), Sec. 2.11, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 908 (H.B. 2884), Sec. 41, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1066 (H.B. 1343), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 793 (S.B. 1021), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.112"> <num value="38.112">Sec. 38.112.</num> <heading>TAMPERING WITH ELECTRONIC MONITORING DEVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.112/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person who is required to submit to electronic monitoring of the person's location as part of an electronic monitoring program under Article 42.035, Code of Criminal Procedure, or as a condition of community supervision, parole, mandatory supervision, or release on bail commits an offense if the person knowingly removes or disables, or causes or conspires or cooperates with another person to remove or disable, a tracking device that the person is required to wear to enable the electronic monitoring of the person's location.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.112/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if the person is in the super-intensive supervision program described by Section 508.317(d), Government Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.112/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>This section does not apply to the removal or disabling of a tracking device by a health care provider, as defined by Section 161.201, Health and Safety Code, due to medical necessity.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 33 (S.B. 1004), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.113"> <num value="38.113">Sec. 38.113.</num> <heading>UNAUTHORIZED ABSENCE FROM COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS FACILITY, COUNTY CORRECTIONAL CENTER, OR ASSIGNMENT SITE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.113/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.113/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is sentenced to or is required as a condition of community supervision or correctional programming to submit to a period of detention or treatment in a community corrections facility or county correctional center;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.113/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>fails to report to or leaves the facility, the center, or a community service assignment site as directed by the court, community supervision and corrections department supervising the person, or director of the facility or center in which the person is detained or treated, as appropriate; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.113/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>in failing to report or leaving acts without the approval of the court, the community supervision and corrections department supervising the person, or the director of the facility or center in which the person is detained or treated.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.113/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114"> <num value="38.114">Sec. 38.114.</num> <heading>CONTRABAND IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>provides contraband to an inmate of a correctional facility;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>otherwise introduces contraband into a correctional facility; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>possesses contraband while confined in a correctional facility.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "contraband":</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>any item not provided by or authorized by the operator of the correctional facility; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>any item provided by or authorized by the operator of the correctional facility that has been altered to accommodate a use other than the originally intended use; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>does not include any item specifically prohibited under Section 38.11.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor, unless the offense is committed by an employee or a volunteer of the correctional facility, in which event the offense is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "correctional facility" means:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any place described by Section 1.07(a)(14); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.114/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a "secure correctional facility" or "secure detention facility" as those terms are defined by Section 51.02, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 499 (H.B. 549), Sec. 2, eff. June 17, 2005. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 908 (H.B. 2884), Sec. 42, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115"> <num value="38.115">Sec. 38.115.</num> <heading>OPERATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OVER CORRECTIONAL FACILITY OR DETENTION FACILITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Contraband" means any item not provided by or authorized by the operator of a correctional facility or detention facility.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Correctional facility" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a confinement facility operated by or under contract with any division of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a municipal or county jail;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a confinement facility operated by or under contract with the Federal Bureau of Prisons; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a secure correctional facility or secure detention facility, as defined by Section 51.02, Family Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Detention facility" means a facility operated by or under contract with United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement for the purpose of detaining aliens and placing them in removal proceedings.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>operates an unmanned aircraft over a correctional facility or detention facility and the unmanned aircraft is not higher than 400 feet above ground level;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>allows an unmanned aircraft to make contact with a correctional facility or detention facility, including any person or object on the premises of or within the facility; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>allows an unmanned aircraft to come within a distance of a correctional facility or detention facility that is close enough to interfere with the operations of or cause a disturbance to the facility.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>This section does not apply to conduct described by Subsection (b) that is committed by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the federal government, this state, or a governmental entity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a person under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of the federal government, this state, or a governmental entity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a person who has the prior written consent of the owner or operator of the correctional facility or detention facility;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a law enforcement agency; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a person under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of a law enforcement agency.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the actor has previously been convicted under this section; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a state jail felony if, during the commission of the offense, the actor used the unmanned aircraft to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>provide contraband to a person in the custody of the correctional facility or detention facility; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.115/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>otherwise introduce contraband into the correctional facility or detention facility.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 591 (H.B. 3075), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12"> <num value="38.12">Sec. 38.12.</num> <heading>BARRATRY AND SOLICITATION OF PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to obtain an economic benefit the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>knowingly institutes a suit or claim that the person has not been authorized to pursue;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>solicits employment, in person, by telephone, through a direct message on a social media platform, or by another electronic communication, including through a false, misleading, or deceptive electronic communication, for the person or for another;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>pays, gives, or advances or offers to pay, give, or advance to a prospective client money or anything of value to obtain employment as a professional from the prospective client;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>pays or gives or offers to pay or give a person money or anything of value to solicit employment;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>pays or gives or offers to pay or give a family member of a prospective client money or anything of value to solicit employment; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>accepts or agrees to accept money or anything of value to solicit employment.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>knowingly finances the commission of an offense under Subsection (a);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>invests funds the person knows or believes are intended to further the commission of an offense under Subsection (a); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is a professional who knowingly accepts employment within the scope of the person's license, registration, or certification that results from the solicitation of employment in violation of Subsection (a).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is an exception to prosecution under Subsection (a) or (b) that the person's conduct is authorized by the Texas Disciplinary Rules of Professional Conduct or any rule of court.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is an attorney, chiropractor, physician, surgeon, or private investigator licensed to practice in this state or any person licensed, certified, or registered by a health care regulatory agency of this state; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>with the intent to obtain professional employment for the person or for another, provides or knowingly permits to be provided to an individual who has not sought the person's employment, legal representation, advice, or care, a written communication or a solicitation, including a solicitation in person, by telephone, through a direct message on a social media platform, or by another electronic communication that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>concerns an action for personal injury or wrongful death or otherwise relates to an accident or disaster involving the person to whom the communication or solicitation is provided or a relative of that person and that was provided before the 31st day after the date on which the accident or disaster occurred;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>concerns a specific matter and relates to legal representation and the person knows or reasonably should know that the person to whom the communication or solicitation is directed is represented by a lawyer in the matter;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>concerns a lawsuit of any kind, including an action for divorce, in which the person to whom the communication or solicitation is provided is a defendant or a relative of that person, unless the lawsuit in which the person is named as a defendant has been on file for more than 31 days before the date on which the communication or solicitation was provided;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>is provided or permitted to be provided by a person who knows or reasonably should know that the injured person or relative of the injured person has indicated a desire not to be contacted by or receive communications or solicitations concerning employment;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>involves coercion, duress, fraud, overreaching, harassment, intimidation, or undue influence; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>contains a false, fraudulent, misleading, deceptive, or unfair statement or claim.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>For purposes of Subsection (d)(2)(D), a desire not to be contacted is presumed if an accident report reflects that such an indication has been made by an injured person or that person's relative.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) or (b) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (h), an offense under Subsection (d) is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (d) is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has previously been convicted under Subsection (d).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.12/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <content>Final conviction of felony barratry is a serious crime for all purposes and acts, specifically including the State Bar Rules and the Texas Rules of Disciplinary Procedure.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 866, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 723, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 750, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1252 (H.B. 148), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 315 (H.B. 1711), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 419 (H.B. 2733), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.122"> <num value="38.122">Sec. 38.122.</num> <heading>FALSELY HOLDING ONESELF OUT AS A LAWYER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.122/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with intent to obtain an economic benefit for himself or herself, the person holds himself or herself out as a lawyer, unless he or she is currently licensed to practice law in this state, another state, or a foreign country and is in good standing with the State Bar of Texas and the state bar or licensing authority of any and all other states and foreign countries where licensed.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.122/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) of this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.122/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Final conviction of falsely holding oneself out to be a lawyer is a serious crime for all purposes and acts, specifically including the State Bar Rules.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 723, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.123"> <num value="38.123">Sec. 38.123.</num> <heading>UNAUTHORIZED PRACTICE OF LAW</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.123/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to obtain an economic benefit for himself or herself, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.123/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>contracts with any person to represent that person with regard to personal causes of action for property damages or personal injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.123/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>advises any person as to the person's rights and the advisability of making claims for personal injuries or property damages;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.123/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>advises any person as to whether or not to accept an offered sum of money in settlement of claims for personal injuries or property damages;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.123/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>enters into any contract with another person to represent that person in personal injury or property damage matters on a contingent fee basis with an attempted assignment of a portion of the person's cause of action; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.123/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>enters into any contract with a third person which purports to grant the exclusive right to select and retain legal counsel to represent the individual in any legal proceeding.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.123/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>This section does not apply to a person currently licensed to practice law in this state, another state, or a foreign country and in good standing with the State Bar of Texas and the state bar or licensing authority of any and all other states and foreign countries where licensed.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.123/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (d) of this section, an offense under Subsection (a) of this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.123/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) of this section is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has previously been convicted under Subsection (a) of this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 723, Sec. 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.13"> <num value="38.13">Sec. 38.13.</num> <heading>HINDERING PROCEEDINGS BY DISORDERLY CONDUCT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.13/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally hinders an official proceeding by noise or violent or tumultuous behavior or disturbance.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.13/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he recklessly hinders an official proceeding by noise or violent or tumultuous behavior or disturbance and continues after explicit official request to desist.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.13/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 833, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14"> <num value="38.14">Sec. 38.14.</num> <heading>TAKING OR ATTEMPTING TO TAKE WEAPON FROM PEACE OFFICER, FEDERAL SPECIAL INVESTIGATOR, EMPLOYEE OR OFFICIAL OF CORRECTIONAL FACILITY, PAROLE OFFICER, COMMUNITY SUPERVISION AND CORRECTIONS DEPARTMENT OFFICER, OR COMMISSIONED SECURITY OFFICER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Firearm" has the meanings assigned by Section 46.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Stun gun" means a device designed to propel darts or other projectiles attached to wires that, on contact, will deliver an electrical pulse capable of incapacitating a person.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Commissioned security officer" has the meaning assigned by Section 1702.002(5), Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly and with force takes or attempts to take from a peace officer, federal special investigator, employee or official of a correctional facility, parole officer, community supervision and corrections department officer, or commissioned security officer the officer's, investigator's, employee's, or official's firearm, nightstick, stun gun, or personal protection chemical dispensing device.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>The actor is presumed to have known that the peace officer, federal special investigator, employee or official of a correctional facility, parole officer, community supervision and corrections department officer, or commissioned security officer was a peace officer, federal special investigator, employee or official of a correctional facility, parole officer, community supervision and corrections department officer, or commissioned security officer if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the officer, investigator, employee, or official was wearing a distinctive uniform or badge indicating his employment; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the officer, investigator, employee, or official identified himself as a peace officer, federal special investigator, employee or official of a correctional facility, parole officer, community supervision and corrections department officer, or commissioned security officer.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the defendant took or attempted to take the weapon from a peace officer, federal special investigator, employee or official of a correctional facility, parole officer, community supervision and corrections department officer, or commissioned security officer who was using force against the defendant or another in excess of the amount of force permitted by law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree, if the defendant took a weapon described by Subsection (b) from an officer, investigator, employee, or official described by that subsection; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.14/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a state jail felony, if the defendant attempted to take a weapon described by Subsection (b) from an officer, investigator, employee, or official described by that subsection.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 986, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 38.16 by Acts 1990, 71st Leg., 6th C.S., ch. 12, Sec. 2(25), eff. Sept. 6, 1990. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 38.17 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 714, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 322, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1201 (H.B. 582), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 394 (H.B. 1721), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 942 (H.B. 3147), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 942 (H.B. 3147), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 942 (H.B. 3147), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 839 (H.B. 3423), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 839 (H.B. 3423), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 647 (S.B. 1754), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15"> <num value="38.15">Sec. 38.15.</num> <heading>INTERFERENCE WITH PUBLIC DUTIES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person with criminal negligence interrupts, disrupts, impedes, or otherwise interferes with:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a peace officer while the peace officer is performing a duty or exercising authority imposed or granted by law;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a person who is employed to provide emergency medical services including the transportation of ill or injured persons while the person is performing that duty;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a fire fighter, while the fire fighter is fighting a fire or investigating the cause of a fire;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>an animal under the supervision of a peace officer, corrections officer, or jailer, if the person knows the animal is being used for law enforcement, corrections, prison or jail security, or investigative purposes;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>the transmission of a communication over a citizen's band radio channel, the purpose of which communication is to inform or inquire about an emergency;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>an officer with responsibility for animal control in a county or municipality, while the officer is performing a duty or exercising authority imposed or granted under Chapter 821 or 822, Health and Safety Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>a person who:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>has responsibility for assessing, enacting, or enforcing public health, environmental, radiation, or safety measures for the state or a county or municipality;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is investigating a particular site as part of the person's responsibilities under Paragraph (A);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>is acting in accordance with policies and procedures related to the safety and security of the site described by Paragraph (B); and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>is performing a duty or exercising authority imposed or granted under the Agriculture Code, Health and Safety Code, Occupations Code, or Water Code; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>a person who is an employee or agent of a utility while the person is performing a duty within the scope of that employment or agency.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(1) that the conduct engaged in by the defendant was intended to warn a person operating a motor vehicle of the presence of a peace officer who was enforcing Subtitle C, Title 7, Transportation Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the interruption, disruption, impediment, or interference alleged consisted of speech only.</content> <continuation>(d-1) Except as provided by Subsection (d-2), in a prosecution for an offense under Subsection (a)(1), there is a rebuttable presumption that the actor interferes with a peace officer if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor intentionally disseminated the home address, home telephone number, emergency contact information, or social security number of the officer or a family member of the officer or any other information that is specifically described by Section 552.117(a), Government Code.</continuation> <continuation>(d-2) The presumption in Subsection (d-1) does not apply to information disseminated by:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a radio or television station that holds a license issued by the Federal Communications Commission; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a newspaper that is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a free newspaper of general circulation or qualified to publish legal notices;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>published at least once a week; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>available and of interest to the general public.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Emergency" means a condition or circumstance in which an individual is or is reasonably believed by the person transmitting the communication to be in imminent danger of serious bodily injury or in which property is or is reasonably believed by the person transmitting the communication to be in imminent danger of damage or destruction.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Utility" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an electric utility, as defined by Section 31.002, Utilities Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a telecommunications provider, as defined by Section 51.002, Utilities Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a video service provider or cable service provider, as defined by Section 66.002, Utilities Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a gas utility, as defined by Section 101.003, Utilities Code, which for the purposes of this subsection includes a municipally owned utility as defined by that section;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a gas utility, as defined by Section 121.001, Utilities Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>a pipeline used for the transportation or sale of oil, gas, or related products;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>an electric cooperative or municipally owned utility, as defined by Section 11.003, Utilities Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/H"> <num value="H">(H)</num> <content>a broadband provider, as defined by Section 253.0001, Utilities Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.15/I"> <num value="I">(I)</num> <content>a retail water or sewer utility service, as defined by Section 13.002, Water Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1162, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 38.16 by Acts 1990, 71st Leg., 6th C.S., ch. 12, Sec. 2(26), eff. Sept. 6, 1990. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 38.18 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 30.241, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1212 (H.B. 825), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 2703), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 519 (H.B. 1061), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 478 (S.B. 482), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151"> <num value="38.151">Sec. 38.151.</num> <heading>INTERFERENCE WITH POLICE SERVICE ANIMALS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Area of control" includes a vehicle, trailer, kennel, pen, or yard.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Handler or rider" means a peace officer, corrections officer, or jailer who is specially trained to use a police service animal for law enforcement, corrections, prison or jail security, or investigative purposes.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Police service animal" means a dog, horse, or other domesticated animal that is specially trained for use by a handler or rider.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person recklessly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>taunts, torments, or strikes a police service animal;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>throws an object or substance at a police service animal;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>interferes with or obstructs a police service animal or interferes with or obstructs the handler or rider of a police service animal in a manner that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>inhibits or restricts the handler's or rider's control of the animal; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>deprives the handler or rider of control of the animal;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>releases a police service animal from its area of control;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>enters the area of control of a police service animal without the effective consent of the handler or rider, including placing food or any other object or substance into that area;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>injures or kills a police service animal; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>engages in conduct likely to injure or kill a police service animal, including administering or setting a poison, trap, or any other object or substance.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the person commits an offense under Subsection (b)(1);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the person commits an offense under Subsection (b)(2);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the person commits an offense under Subsection (b)(3), (4), or (5);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>except as provided by Subdivision (5), a state jail felony if the person commits an offense under Subsection (b)(6) or (7) by injuring a police service animal or by engaging in conduct likely to injure the animal; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree if the person commits an offense under Subsection (b)(6) or (7) by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>killing a police service animal or engaging in conduct likely to kill the animal;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>injuring a police service animal in a manner that materially and permanently affects the ability of the animal to perform as a police service animal; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.151/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>engaging in conduct likely to injure a police service animal in a manner that would materially and permanently affect the ability of the animal to perform as a police service animal.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 979, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1331 (S.B. 1562), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.152"> <num value="38.152">Sec. 38.152.</num> <heading>INTERFERENCE WITH RADIO FREQUENCY LICENSED TO GOVERNMENT ENTITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.152/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, without the effective consent of the law enforcement agency, fire department, or emergency medical services provider, the person intentionally interrupts, disrupts, impedes, jams, or otherwise interferes with a radio frequency that is licensed by the Federal Communications Commission to a government entity and is used by the law enforcement agency, fire department, or emergency medical services provider.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.152/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a state jail felony if the actor committed the offense with the intent to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.152/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>facilitate the commission of another offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.152/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>interfere with the ability of a law enforcement agency, a fire department, or an emergency medical services provider to respond to an emergency.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.152/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.152/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Emergency" has the meaning assigned by Section 38.15.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.152/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Emergency medical services provider" has the meaning assigned by Section 773.003, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.152/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Law enforcement agency" has the meaning assigned by Article 59.01, Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.152/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or under both sections.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1222 (S.B. 1273), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.16"> <num value="38.16">Sec. 38.16.</num> <heading>PREVENTING EXECUTION OF CIVIL PROCESS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.16/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly by words or physical action prevents the execution of any process in a civil cause.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.16/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section that the actor evaded service of process by avoiding detection.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.16/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 13, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.17"> <num value="38.17">Sec. 38.17.</num> <heading>FAILURE TO STOP OR REPORT SEXUAL OR ASSAULTIVE OFFENSE AGAINST CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.17/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.17/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor observes the commission or attempted commission of an offense under circumstances in which a reasonable person would believe that an offense of a sexual or assaultive nature was being committed or was about to be committed against a child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.17/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor fails to assist the child or immediately report the commission of the offense to a peace officer or law enforcement agency; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.17/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the actor could assist the child or immediately report the commission of the offense without placing the actor in danger of suffering serious bodily injury or death.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.17/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.17/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1344, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 3.50, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 4.06, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.171"> <num value="38.171">Sec. 38.171.</num> <heading>FAILURE TO REPORT FELONY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.171/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.171/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>observes the commission of a felony under circumstances in which a reasonable person would believe that an offense had been committed in which serious bodily injury or death may have resulted; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.171/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>fails to immediately report the commission of the offense to a peace officer or law enforcement agency under circumstances in which:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.171/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a reasonable person would believe that the commission of the offense had not been reported; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.171/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the person could immediately report the commission of the offense without placing himself or herself in danger of suffering serious bodily injury or death.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.171/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1009, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172"> <num value="38.172">Sec. 38.172.</num> <heading>FAILURE TO REPORT ASSAULT, NEGLECT, OR OMISSION OF CARE IN CERTAIN GROUP HOMES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "group home" means an establishment that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>provides, in one or more buildings, lodging to three or more residents who are unrelated by blood or marriage to the owner of the establishment; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>provides those residents with community meals, light housework, meal preparation, transportation, grocery shopping, money management, laundry services, or assistance with self-administration of medication but does not provide personal care services as defined by Section 247.002, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>has actual knowledge that a resident of a group home has suffered bodily injury due to assault, neglect, or an omission in care; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>fails to report that fact to law enforcement or the Department of Family and Protective Services.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an exception to the application of this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor is a person who holds a license issued under Chapter 142, 242, 246, 247, or 252, Health and Safety Code, or who is exempt from licensing under Section 142.003(a)(19), 242.003(3), or 247.004(4), Health and Safety Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the injury occurs in:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an establishment or facility exempt from licensing under Section 142.003(a)(19), 242.003(3), or 247.004(4), Health and Safety Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a hotel as defined by Section 156.001, Tax Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a retirement community;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a monastery or convent;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a child-care facility as defined by Section 42.002, Human Resources Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>a family violence shelter center as defined by Section 51.002, Human Resources Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>a sorority or fraternity house or other dormitory associated with an institution of higher education.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.172/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1046 (S.B. 189), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18"> <num value="38.18">Sec. 38.18.</num> <heading>USE OF COLLISION REPORT INFORMATION AND OTHER INFORMATION FOR PECUNIARY GAIN</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>This section applies to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>information described by Section 550.065(a), Transportation Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>information reported under Chapter 772, Health and Safety Code, other than information that is confidential under that chapter; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>information contained in a dispatch log, a towing record, or a record of a 9-1-1 service provider, other than information that is confidential under Chapter 772, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person obtains information described by Subsection (a) from the Department of Public Safety of the State of Texas or other governmental entity; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the information is subsequently used for the direct solicitation of business or employment for pecuniary gain by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the person;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an agent or employee of the person; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the person on whose behalf the information was requested.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person who employs or engages another to obtain information described by Subsection (a) from the Department of Public Safety or other governmental entity commits an offense if the person subsequently uses the information for direct solicitation of business or employment for pecuniary gain.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.18/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1032, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 709 (H.B. 2190), Sec. 139, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c38/s38.19"> <num value="38.19">Sec. 38.19.</num> <heading>FAILURE TO PROVIDE NOTICE AND REPORT OF DEATH OF RESIDENT OF INSTITUTION</heading> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection effective until April 01, 2027 (a) A superintendent or general manager of an institution commits an offense if, as required by Article 49.24 or 49.25, Code of Criminal Procedure, the person fails to: (1) provide notice of the death of an individual under the care, custody, or control of or residing in the institution; (2) submit a report on the death of the individual; or (3) include in the report material facts known or discovered by the person at the time the report was filed. Text of subsection effective on April 01, 2027 (a) A superintendent or general manager of an institution commits an offense if, as required by Article 49A.151 or 49A.152, Code of Criminal Procedure, the person fails to: (1) provide notice of the death of an individual under the care, custody, or control of or residing in the institution; (2) submit a report on the death of the individual; or (3) include in the report material facts known or discovered by the person at the time the report was filed. (b) An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor. Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 894, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 202 (H.B. 1610), Sec. 2.20, eff. April 1, 2027.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39"> <num value="39">CHAPTER 39.</num> <heading>ABUSE OF OFFICE</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.01"> <num value="39.01">Sec. 39.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Law relating to a public servant's office or employment" means a law that specifically applies to a person acting in the capacity of a public servant and that directly or indirectly:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>imposes a duty on the public servant; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>governs the conduct of the public servant.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Misuse" means to deal with property contrary to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an agreement under which the public servant holds the property;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a contract of employment or oath of office of a public servant;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a law, including provisions of the General Appropriations Act specifically relating to government property, that prescribes the manner of custody or disposition of the property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>a limited purpose for which the property is delivered or received.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.015"> <num value="39.015">Sec. 39.015.</num> <heading>CONCURRENT JURISDICTION TO PROSECUTE OFFENSES UNDER THIS CHAPTER</heading> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to prosecute an offense under this chapter.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 378 (S.B. 563), Sec. 2, eff. June 15, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02"> <num value="39.02">Sec. 39.02.</num> <heading>ABUSE OF OFFICIAL CAPACITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A public servant commits an offense if, with intent to obtain a benefit or with intent to harm or defraud another, he intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>violates a law relating to the public servant's office or employment; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>misuses government property, services, personnel, or any other thing of value belonging to the government that has come into the public servant's custody or possession by virtue of the public servant's office or employment.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a)(2) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class C misdemeanor if the value of the use of the thing misused is less than $100;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if the value of the use of the thing misused is $100 or more but less than $750;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the value of the use of the thing misused is $750 or more but less than $2,500;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the value of the use of the thing misused is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the value of the use of the thing misused is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the value of the use of the thing misused is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the value of the use of the thing misused is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A discount or award given for travel, such as frequent flyer miles, rental car or hotel discounts, or food coupons, are not things of value belonging to the government for purposes of this section due to the administrative difficulty and cost involved in recapturing the discount or award for a governmental entity.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>If separate transactions that violate Subsection (a)(2) are conducted pursuant to one scheme or continuing course of conduct, the conduct may be considered as one offense and the value of the use of the things misused in the transactions may be aggregated in determining the classification of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>The value of the use of a thing of value misused under Subsection (a)(2) may not exceed:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the fair market value of the thing at the time of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>if the fair market value of the thing cannot be ascertained, the cost of replacing the thing within a reasonable time after the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3241, ch. 558, Sec. 7, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 39.01 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 82 (S.B. 828), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1251 (H.B. 1396), Sec. 28, eff. September 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.03"> <num value="39.03">Sec. 39.03.</num> <heading>OFFICIAL OPPRESSION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A public servant acting under color of his office or employment commits an offense if he:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally subjects another to mistreatment or to arrest, detention, search, seizure, dispossession, assessment, or lien that he knows is unlawful;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>intentionally denies or impedes another in the exercise or enjoyment of any right, privilege, power, or immunity, knowing his conduct is unlawful; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>intentionally subjects another to sexual harassment.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, a public servant acts under color of his office or employment if he acts or purports to act in an official capacity or takes advantage of such actual or purported capacity.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>In this section, "sexual harassment" means unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, submission to which is made a term or condition of a person's exercise or enjoyment of any right, privilege, power, or immunity, either explicitly or implicitly.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that an offense is a felony of the third degree if the public servant acted with the intent to impair the accuracy of data reported to the Texas Education Agency through the Public Education Information Management System (PEIMS) described by Sections 48.008 and 48.009, Education Code, under a law requiring that reporting.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1217, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 16, Sec. 19.01(34), eff. Aug. 26, 1991. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 39.02 by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 510 (S.B. 124), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 943 (H.B. 3), Sec. 3.088, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.04"> <num value="39.04">Sec. 39.04.</num> <heading>VIOLATIONS OF THE CIVIL RIGHTS OF PERSON IN CUSTODY; IMPROPER SEXUAL ACTIVITY WITH PERSON IN CUSTODY OR UNDER SUPERVISION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>An official of a correctional facility or juvenile facility, an employee of a correctional facility or juvenile facility, a person other than an employee who works for compensation at a correctional facility or juvenile facility, a volunteer at a correctional facility or juvenile facility, or a peace officer commits an offense if the person intentionally:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>denies or impedes a person in custody in the exercise or enjoyment of any right, privilege, or immunity knowing his conduct is unlawful; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>engages in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse with an individual in custody or, in the case of an individual in the custody of the Texas Juvenile Justice Department or placed in a juvenile facility, employs, authorizes, or induces the individual to engage in sexual conduct or a sexual performance.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 895 (H.B. 3157), Sec. 1 (b) An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a felony of the third degree. An offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a felony of the second degree, except that an offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a felony of the first degree if the offense is committed against: (1) an individual in the custody of the Texas Juvenile Justice Department or placed in a juvenile facility; or (2) a juvenile offender detained in or committed to a correctional facility. Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 939 (S.B. 312), Sec. 1 (b) An offense under Subsection (a)(1) is a Class A misdemeanor. An offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a felony of the second degree. (c) This section shall not preclude prosecution for any other offense set out in this code. (d) The Attorney General of Texas shall have concurrent jurisdiction with law enforcement agencies to investigate violations of this statute involving serious bodily injury or death. (e) In this section: Text of subdivision as amended by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 216 (H.B. 511), Sec. 1 (1) "Correctional facility" means: (A) any place described by Section 1.07(a)(14); (B) any place or facility designated for the detention of a person suspected of violating a provision of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. Section 1101 et seq.); or (C) a "secure correctional facility" or "secure detention facility" as defined by Section 51.02, Family Code. Text of subdivision as amended by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1136 (S.B. 183), Sec. 2 (1) "Correctional facility" means any place described by Section 1.07(a)(14). (2) "Custody" means the detention, arrest, or confinement of an adult offender, the detention of a juvenile offender, or the commitment of a juvenile offender to a correctional facility or juvenile facility. (2-a) "Juvenile facility" means: (A) a facility operated by the Texas Juvenile Justice Department or a private vendor under a contract with the Texas Juvenile Justice Department; or (B) a facility for the detention or placement of juveniles under juvenile court jurisdiction and that is operated wholly or partly by a juvenile board or another governmental unit or by a private vendor under a contract with the juvenile board or governmental unit. (3) "Sexual contact," "sexual intercourse," and "deviate sexual intercourse" have the meanings assigned by Section 21.01. (4) "Sexual conduct" and "performance" have the meanings assigned by Section 43.25. (5) "Sexual performance" means any performance or part thereof that includes sexual conduct by an individual. (f) An employee of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, the Texas Juvenile Justice Department, a juvenile facility, a local juvenile probation department, or a community supervision and corrections department established under Chapter 76, Government Code, a person other than an employee who works for compensation at a juvenile facility or local juvenile probation department, or a volunteer at a juvenile facility or local juvenile probation department commits an offense if the actor engages in sexual contact, sexual intercourse, or deviate sexual intercourse with an individual who the actor knows is under the supervision of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Texas Juvenile Justice Department, probation department, or community supervision and corrections department but not in the custody of the Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Texas Juvenile Justice Department, probation department, or community supervision and corrections department. (g) An offense under Subsection (f) is a state jail felony. (h) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (f) that the actor was the spouse of the individual at the time of the offense. Added by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1383, ch. 618, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1979. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3242, ch. 558, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 18, Sec. 5, eff. April 15, 1987. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 39.021 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1406, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 158, Sec. 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1070, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1297, Sec. 69, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 263 (S.B. 103), Sec. 62, eff. June 8, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 263 (S.B. 103), Sec. 63, eff. June 8, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 378 (S.B. 563), Sec. 3, eff. June 15, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 908 (H.B. 2884), Sec. 43, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 19.003, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 260 (H.B. 549), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 216 (H.B. 511), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 734 (H.B. 1549), Sec. 144, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 734 (H.B. 1549), Sec. 145, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1136 (S.B. 183), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1136 (S.B. 183), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 540 (S.B. 343), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 540 (S.B. 343), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 540 (S.B. 343), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 895 (H.B. 3157), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 939 (S.B. 312), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.041"> <num value="39.041">Sec. 39.041.</num> <heading>IMPROPER SEXUAL ACTIVITY WITH COMMITTED PERSON</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.041/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "deviate sexual intercourse," "sexual contact," and "sexual intercourse" have the meanings assigned by Section 21.01.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.041/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An officer or employee of the Texas Civil Commitment Office, a person who contracts with this state to perform a service in a civil commitment facility or an employee of that person, or a volunteer at a civil commitment facility commits an offense if the person intentionally engages in deviate sexual intercourse, sexual contact, or sexual intercourse with a person committed to a civil commitment facility.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.041/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.041/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that, at the time of the offense, the actor was the spouse of the person committed to the civil commitment facility.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.041/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 351 (S.B. 1179), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.05"> <num value="39.05">Sec. 39.05.</num> <heading>FAILURE TO REPORT DEATH OF PRISONER</heading> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection effective until April 01, 2027 (a) A person commits an offense if the person is required to conduct an investigation and file a report by Article 49.18, Code of Criminal Procedure, and the person fails to investigate the death, fails to file the report as required, or fails to include in a filed report facts known or discovered in the investigation. Text of subsection effective on April 01, 2027 (a) A person commits an offense if the person is required to conduct an investigation and file a report by Article 49A.153, Code of Criminal Procedure, and the person fails to investigate the death, fails to file the report as required, or fails to include in a filed report facts known or discovered in the investigation. (b) A person commits an offense if the person is required by Section 501.055, Government Code, to: (1) give notice of the death of an inmate and the person fails to give the notice; or (2) conduct an investigation and file a report and the person: (A) fails to conduct the investigation or file the report; or (B) fails to include in the report facts known to the person or discovered by the person in the investigation. (c) An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor. Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2510, ch. 441, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 39.022 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 321, Sec. 1.104, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 202 (H.B. 1610), Sec. 2.21, eff. April 1, 2027.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06"> <num value="39.06">Sec. 39.06.</num> <heading>MISUSE OF OFFICIAL INFORMATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A public servant commits an offense if, in reliance on information to which the public servant has access by virtue of the person's office or employment and that has not been made public, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>acquires or aids another to acquire a pecuniary interest in any property, transaction, or enterprise that may be affected by the information;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>speculates or aids another to speculate on the basis of the information; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>as a public servant, including as a school administrator, coerces another into suppressing or failing to report that information to a law enforcement agency.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A public servant commits an offense if with intent to obtain a benefit or with intent to harm or defraud another, he discloses or uses information for a nongovernmental purpose that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>he has access to by means of his office or employment; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>has not been made public.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to obtain a benefit or with intent to harm or defraud another, he solicits or receives from a public servant information that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the public servant has access to by means of his office or employment; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>has not been made public.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>In this section, "information that has not been made public" means any information to which the public does not generally have access, and that is prohibited from disclosure under Chapter 552, Government Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (g), an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 397 (H.B. 2001), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>If the commission of an offense under this section results in a net pecuniary gain to the person committing the offense, the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the net pecuniary gain is less than $150,000;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the net pecuniary gain is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the net pecuniary gain is $300,000 or more.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 3243, ch. 558, Sec. 9, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 30, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., 2nd C.S., ch. 43, Sec. 3, eff. Oct. 20, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 927, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 28, 1989. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 39.03 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 5.95(90), eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 14.52, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1043 (H.B. 1783), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 397 (H.B. 2001), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 397 (H.B. 2001), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.07"> <num value="39.07">Sec. 39.07.</num> <heading>FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH IMMIGRATION DETAINER REQUEST</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person who is a sheriff, chief of police, or constable or a person who otherwise has primary authority for administering a jail commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>has custody of a person subject to an immigration detainer request issued by United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>knowingly fails to comply with the detainer request.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t8/c39/s39.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section that the person who was subject to an immigration detainer request described by Subsection (a)(1) had provided proof that the person is a citizen of the United States or that the person has lawful immigration status in the United States, such as a Texas driver's license or similar government-issued identification.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 4 (S.B. 4), Sec. 5.02, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <num value="9">TITLE 9.</num> <heading>OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC ORDER AND DECENCY</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42"> <num value="42">CHAPTER 42.</num> <heading>DISORDERLY CONDUCT AND RELATED OFFENSES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01"> <num value="42.01">Sec. 42.01.</num> <heading>DISORDERLY CONDUCT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>uses abusive, indecent, profane, or vulgar language in a public place, and the language by its very utterance tends to incite an immediate breach of the peace;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>makes an offensive gesture or display in a public place, and the gesture or display tends to incite an immediate breach of the peace;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>creates, by chemical means, a noxious and unreasonable odor in a public place;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>abuses or threatens a person in a public place in an obviously offensive manner;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>makes unreasonable noise in a public place other than a sport shooting range, as defined by Section 250.001, Local Government Code, or in or near a private residence that he has no right to occupy;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>fights with another in a public place;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>discharges a firearm in a public place other than a public road or a sport shooting range, as defined by Section 250.001, Local Government Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>displays a firearm or other deadly weapon in a public place in a manner calculated to alarm;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>discharges a firearm on or across a public road;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>exposes his anus or genitals in a public place and is reckless about whether another may be present who will be offended or alarmed by his act; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <chapeau>for a lewd or unlawful purpose:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>enters on the property of another and looks into a dwelling on the property through any window or other opening in the dwelling;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>while on the premises of a hotel or comparable establishment, looks into a guest room not the person's own through a window or other opening in the room; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>while on the premises of a public place, looks into an area such as a restroom or shower stall or changing or dressing room that is designed to provide privacy to a person using the area.</content> <continuation>(a-1) For purposes of Subsection (a), the term "public place" includes a public school campus or the school grounds on which a public school is located.</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(4) that the actor had significant provocation for his abusive or threatening conduct.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>an act is deemed to occur in a public place or near a private residence if it produces its offensive or proscribed consequences in the public place or near a private residence; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a noise is presumed to be unreasonable if the noise exceeds a decibel level of 85 after the person making the noise receives notice from a magistrate or peace officer that the noise is a public nuisance.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor unless committed under Subsection (a)(7) or (a)(8), in which event it is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution for an offense under Subsection (a)(7) or (9) that the person who discharged the firearm had a reasonable fear of bodily injury to the person or to another by a dangerous wild animal as defined by Section 822.101, Health and Safety Code.</content> <continuation>(e-1) Subsection (a)(9) does not apply to a person who, at the time the person engaged in conduct prohibited under that subdivision, was an employee of the Parks and Wildlife Department acting within the scope of the employee's authority under Section 12.013(c), Parks and Wildlife Code.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>Subsections (a)(1), (2), (3), (5), and (6) do not apply to a person who, at the time the person engaged in conduct prohibited under the applicable subdivision, was a student younger than 12 years of age, and the prohibited conduct occurred at a public school campus during regular school hours.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.01/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>Noise arising from space flight activities, as defined by Section 100A.001, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, if lawfully conducted, does not constitute "unreasonable noise" for purposes of this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 181, ch. 89, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4641, ch. 800, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 145, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 26, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 54, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 389, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 691 (H.B. 359), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 953 (H.B. 1791), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1407 (S.B. 393), Sec. 19, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1409 (S.B. 1114), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 188 (H.B. 3065), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02"> <num value="42.02">Sec. 42.02.</num> <heading>RIOT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For the purpose of this section, "riot" means the assemblage of seven or more persons resulting in conduct which:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>creates an immediate danger of damage to property or injury to persons;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>substantially obstructs law enforcement or other governmental functions or services; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>by force, threat of force, or physical action deprives any person of a legal right or disturbs any person in the enjoyment of a legal right.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he knowingly participates in a riot.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the assembly was at first lawful and when one of those assembled manifested an intent to engage in conduct enumerated in Subsection (a), the actor retired from the assembly.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is no defense to prosecution under this section that another who was a party to the riot has been acquitted, has not been arrested, prosecuted, or convicted, has been convicted of a different offense or of a different type or class of offense, or is immune from prosecution.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Except as provided in Subsection (f), an offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is an offense of the same classification as any offense of a higher grade committed by anyone engaged in the riot if the offense was:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>in the furtherance of the purpose of the assembly; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an offense which should have been anticipated as a result of the assembly.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03"> <num value="42.03">Sec. 42.03.</num> <heading>OBSTRUCTING HIGHWAY OR OTHER PASSAGEWAY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, without legal privilege or authority, he intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>obstructs a highway, street, sidewalk, railway, waterway, elevator, aisle, hallway, entrance, or exit to which the public or a substantial group of the public has access, or any other place used for the passage of persons, vehicles, or conveyances, regardless of the means of creating the obstruction and whether the obstruction arises from his acts alone or from his acts and the acts of others; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>disobeys a reasonable request or order to move issued by a person the actor knows to be or is informed is a peace officer, a fireman, or a person with authority to control the use of the premises:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to prevent obstruction of a highway or any of those areas mentioned in Subdivision (1); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to maintain public safety by dispersing those gathered in dangerous proximity to a fire, riot, or other hazard.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "obstruct" means to render impassable or to render passage unreasonably inconvenient or hazardous.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as otherwise provided by Subsections (c-1), (d), and (e), an offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> <continuation>(c-1) An offense under this section is a state jail felony if, in committing the offense, the actor knowingly:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>prevents the passage of an authorized emergency vehicle, as defined by Section 541.201, Transportation Code, that is operating the vehicle's emergency audible or visual signals required by Section 546.003, Transportation Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>obstructs access to a hospital licensed under Chapter 241, Health and Safety Code, or other health care facility that provides emergency medical care, as defined by Section 773.003, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Subject to Subsection (e), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that, at the time of the offense, the person was operating a motor vehicle while engaging in a reckless driving exhibition.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a state jail felony if it is shown on the trial of the offense that, at the time of the offense, the person was operating a motor vehicle while engaging in a reckless driving exhibition, and:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person has previously been convicted of an offense punishable under Subsection (d);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>at the time of the offense, the person was operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated, as defined by Section 49.01; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a person suffered bodily injury as a result of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section, "reckless driving exhibition" means an operator of a motor vehicle, on a highway or street and in the presence of two or more persons assembled for the purpose of spectating the conduct, intentionally:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>breaking the traction of the vehicle's rear tires;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>spinning the vehicle's rear tires continuously by pressing the accelerator and increasing the engine speed; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>steering the vehicle in a manner designed to rotate the vehicle.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.03/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law, but not both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 197 (H.B. 9), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 949 (S.B. 1495), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 369 (H.B. 1442), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 768 (H.B. 4595), Sec. 17.002, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.04"> <num value="42.04">Sec. 42.04.</num> <heading>DEFENSE WHEN CONDUCT CONSISTS OF SPEECH OR OTHER EXPRESSION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>If conduct that would otherwise violate Section 42.01(a)(5) (Unreasonable Noise), 42.03 (Obstructing Passageway), or 42.055 (Funeral Service Disruptions) consists of speech or other communication, of gathering with others to hear or observe such speech or communication, or of gathering with others to picket or otherwise express in a nonviolent manner a position on social, economic, political, or religious questions, the actor must be ordered to move, disperse, or otherwise remedy the violation prior to his arrest if he has not yet intentionally harmed the interests of others which those sections seek to protect.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The order required by this section may be given by a peace officer, a fireman, a person with authority to control the use of the premises, or any person directly affected by the violation.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under Section 42.01(a)(5), 42.03, or 42.055:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>that in circumstances in which this section requires an order no order was given;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>that an order, if given, was manifestly unreasonable in scope; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>that an order, if given, was promptly obeyed.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2006, 79th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (H.B. 97), Sec. 2, eff. May 19, 2006.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.05"> <num value="42.05">Sec. 42.05.</num> <heading>DISRUPTING MEETING OR PROCESSION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to prevent or disrupt a lawful meeting, procession, or gathering, whether in person or virtual, the person obstructs or interferes with the meeting, procession, or gathering by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>physical action;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>verbal utterance; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>electronic disturbance, including hacking, of any virtual component of the meeting, procession, or gathering.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 253 (H.B. 5238), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.055"> <num value="42.055">Sec. 42.055.</num> <heading>FUNERAL SERVICE DISRUPTIONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.055/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.055/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Facility" means a building at which any portion of a funeral service takes place, including a funeral parlor, mortuary, private home, or established place of worship.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.055/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Funeral service" means a ceremony, procession, or memorial service, including a wake or viewing, held in connection with the burial or cremation of the dead.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.055/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Picketing" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.055/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>standing, sitting, or repeated walking, riding, driving, or other similar action by a person displaying or carrying a banner, placard, or sign;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.055/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>engaging in loud singing, chanting, whistling, or yelling, with or without noise amplification through a device such as a bullhorn or microphone; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.055/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>blocking access to a facility or cemetery being used for a funeral service.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.055/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, during the period beginning three hours before the service begins and ending three hours after the service is completed, the person engages in picketing within 1,000 feet of a facility or cemetery being used for a funeral service.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.055/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2006, 79th Leg., 3rd C.S., Ch. 2 (H.B. 97), Sec. 1, eff. May 19, 2006. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 256 (H.B. 1093), Sec. 1, eff. June 4, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 716 (H.B. 718), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.06"> <num value="42.06">Sec. 42.06.</num> <heading>FALSE ALARM OR REPORT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he knowingly initiates, communicates or circulates a report of a present, past, or future bombing, fire, offense, or other emergency that he knows is false or baseless and that would ordinarily:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>cause action by an official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>place a person in fear of imminent serious bodily injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>prevent or interrupt the occupation of a building, room, place of assembly, place to which the public has access, or aircraft, automobile, or other mode of conveyance.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor unless the false report is of an emergency involving a public or private institution of higher education or involving a public primary or secondary school, public communications, public transportation, public water, gas, or power supply or other public service, in which event the offense is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1114, ch. 530, Sec. 4, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 910 (H.B. 1284), Sec. 2, eff. June 14, 2013.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601"> <num value="42.0601">Sec. 42.0601.</num> <heading>FALSE REPORT TO INDUCE EMERGENCY RESPONSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person makes a report of a criminal offense or an emergency or causes a report of a criminal offense or an emergency to be made to a peace officer, law enforcement agency, 9-1-1 service as defined by Section 771.001, Health and Safety Code, official or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies, or any other governmental employee or contractor who is authorized to receive reports of a criminal offense or emergency;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person knows that the report is false;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the report causes an emergency response from a law enforcement agency or other emergency responder; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>in making the report or causing the report to be made, the person is reckless with regard to whether the emergency response by a law enforcement agency or other emergency responder may directly result in bodily injury to another person.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a state jail felony if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has previously been convicted two or more times of an offense under this section; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the false report was of a criminal offense to which a law enforcement agency or other emergency responder responded; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a person suffered serious bodily injury or death as a direct result of lawful conduct arising out of that response.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or both sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.0601/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>This section may not be construed in any manner to conflict with 47 U.S.C. Section 230 or 42 U.S.C. Section 1983.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 945 (S.B. 1056), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.061"> <num value="42.061">Sec. 42.061.</num> <heading>SILENT OR ABUSIVE CALLS TO 9-1-1 SERVICE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.061/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section "9-1-1 service" and "public safety answering point" or "PSAP" have the meanings assigned by Section 771.001, Health and Safety Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.061/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person makes a call to a 9-1-1 service, or requests 9-1-1 service using an electronic communications device, when there is not an emergency and knowingly or intentionally:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.061/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>remains silent; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.061/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>makes abusive or harassing statements to a PSAP employee.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.061/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly permits an electronic communications device, including a telephone, under the person's control to be used by another person in a manner described in Subsection (b).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.061/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 582, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 14, Sec. 284(2), eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 331 (H.B. 1972), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2013.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.062"> <num value="42.062">Sec. 42.062.</num> <heading>INTERFERENCE WITH EMERGENCY REQUEST FOR ASSISTANCE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.062/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>An individual commits an offense if the individual knowingly prevents or interferes with another individual's ability to place an emergency call or to request assistance, including a request for assistance using an electronic communications device, in an emergency from a law enforcement agency, medical facility, or other agency or entity the primary purpose of which is to provide for the safety of individuals.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.062/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An individual commits an offense if the individual recklessly renders unusable an electronic communications device, including a telephone, that would otherwise be used by another individual to place an emergency call or to request assistance in an emergency from a law enforcement agency, medical facility, or other agency or entity the primary purpose of which is to provide for the safety of individuals.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.062/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a state jail felony if the actor has previously been convicted under this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.062/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>In this section, "emergency" means a condition or circumstance in which any individual is or is reasonably believed by the individual making a call or requesting assistance to be in fear of imminent assault or in which property is or is reasonably believed by the individual making the call or requesting assistance to be in imminent danger of damage or destruction.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 690, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 460, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1164, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 331 (H.B. 1972), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 331 (H.B. 1972), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2013.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07"> <num value="42.07">Sec. 42.07.</num> <heading>HARASSMENT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, or embarrass another, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>initiates communication and in the course of the communication makes a comment, request, suggestion, or proposal that is obscene;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>threatens, in a manner reasonably likely to alarm the person receiving the threat, to inflict bodily injury on the person or to commit a felony against the person, a member of the person's family or household, or the person's property;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>conveys, in a manner reasonably likely to alarm the person receiving the report, a false report, which is known by the conveyor to be false, that another person has suffered death or serious bodily injury;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>causes the telephone of another to ring repeatedly or makes repeated telephone communications anonymously or in a manner reasonably likely to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, embarrass, or offend another;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>makes a telephone call and intentionally fails to hang up or disengage the connection;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>knowingly permits a telephone under the person's control to be used by another to commit an offense under this section;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>sends repeated electronic communications in a manner reasonably likely to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, embarrass, or offend another;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>publishes on an Internet website, including a social media platform, repeated electronic communications in a manner reasonably likely to cause emotional distress, abuse, or torment to another person, unless the communications are made in connection with a matter of public concern;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <chapeau>tracks or monitors the personal property or motor vehicle of another person, without the other person's effective consent, including by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>using a tracking application on the person's personal electronic device or using a tracking device; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>physically following the other person or causing any person to physically follow the other person; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>makes obscene, intimidating, or threatening telephone calls or other electronic communications from a temporary or disposable telephone number provided by an Internet application or other technological means.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Court employee" means an employee whose duties relate to court administration, including a court clerk, court coordinator, court administrator, juvenile case manager, law clerk, or staff attorney. The term does not include a judge.</content> <continuation>(1-a) "Electronic communication" means a transfer of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, data, or intelligence of any nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electromagnetic, photoelectronic, or photo-optical system. The term includes:</continuation> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a communication initiated through the use of electronic mail, instant message, network call, a cellular or other type of telephone, a computer, a camera, text message, a social media platform or application, an Internet website, any other Internet-based communication tool, or facsimile machine; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a communication made to a pager.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Family" and "household" have the meaning assigned by Chapter 71, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Obscene" means containing a patently offensive description of or a solicitation to commit an ultimate sex act, including sexual intercourse, masturbation, cunnilingus, fellatio, or anilingus, or a description of an excretory function.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Utility" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.01(e).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>a Class A misdemeanor if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor has previously been convicted under this section;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the offense was committed under Subsection (a)(7) or (8) and:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <content>the offense was committed against a child under 18 years of age with the intent that the child:</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>commit suicide; or</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>engage in conduct causing serious bodily injury to the child; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>the actor has previously violated a temporary restraining order or injunction issued under Chapter 129A, Civil Practice and Remedies Code;</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the offense was committed against a person the actor knows or reasonably should know is an employee or agent of a utility while the person is performing a duty within the scope of that employment or agency; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the offense was committed against a person the actor knows is a court employee;</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a state jail felony if the offense was committed against a person the actor knows is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a court employee and the actor has previously been convicted under this section; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a judge; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the offense was committed against a person the actor knows is a judge and the actor has previously been convicted under this section.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>In this section, "matter of public concern" has the meaning assigned by Section 27.001, Civil Practice and Remedies Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of Subsection (a)(9), it is presumed that a person did not give effective consent to the actor's conduct if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>an application for a protective or restraining order against or with respect to the actor has been filed by or on behalf of the person under Subchapter A, Chapter 7B, Code of Criminal Procedure, Article 17.292, Code of Criminal Procedure, Section 6.504, Family Code, or Subtitle B, Title 4, Family Code, or an order has been issued against or with respect to the actor under one of those provisions; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person is married to the actor and a petition for dissolution of marriage has been filed, or the person was previously married to the actor and the marriage has been dissolved.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2204, ch. 411, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 10, Sec. 1, eff. March 19, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 657, Sec. 1, eff. June 14, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(d), eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1222, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1278 (H.B. 1606), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 522 (S.B. 179), Sec. 13, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 522 (S.B. 179), Sec. 14, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 178 (S.B. 530), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 839 (H.B. 2715), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1118 (H.B. 1427), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 204 (H.B. 1620), Sec. 17.003, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 478 (S.B. 482), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 478 (S.B. 482), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 7 (H.B. 16), Sec. 15.12, eff. December 4, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., 2nd C.S., Ch. 7 (H.B. 16), Sec. 15.13, eff. December 4, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072"> <num value="42.072">Sec. 42.072.</num> <heading>STALKING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, on more than one occasion and pursuant to the same scheme or course of conduct that is directed at a specific other person, knowingly engages in conduct that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>constitutes an offense under Section 42.07, or that the actor knows or reasonably should know the other person will regard as threatening:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>bodily injury or death for the other person; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>that an offense will be committed against:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>a member of the other person's family or household;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>an individual with whom the other person has a dating relationship; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>the other person's property;</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>causes the other person, a member of the other person's family or household, or an individual with whom the other person has a dating relationship:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to be placed in fear of bodily injury or death or in fear that an offense will be committed against the other person, a member of the other person's family or household, or an individual with whom the other person has a dating relationship, or the other person's property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to feel harassed, terrified, intimidated, annoyed, alarmed, abused, tormented, embarrassed, or offended; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>would cause a reasonable person under circumstances similar to the circumstances of the other person to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>fear bodily injury or death for the person;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>fear that an offense will be committed against a member of the person's family or household or an individual with whom the person has a dating relationship;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>fear that an offense will be committed against the person's property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>feel harassed, terrified, intimidated, annoyed, alarmed, abused, tormented, embarrassed, or offended.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if the actor has previously been convicted of an offense under this section or of an offense under any of the following laws that contains elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense under this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the laws of another state;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the laws of a federally recognized Indian tribe;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the laws of a territory of the United States; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>federal law.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, a trier of fact may find that different types of conduct described by Subsection (a), if engaged in on more than one occasion, constitute conduct that is engaged in pursuant to the same scheme or course of conduct.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Dating relationship," "family," "household," and "member of a household" have the meanings assigned by Chapter 71, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.072/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Property" includes a pet, companion animal, or assistance animal, as defined by Section 121.002, Human Resources Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 28, 1997. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(e), eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1222, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 591 (S.B. 82), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1278 (H.B. 1606), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 947 (S.B. 1717), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.074"> <num value="42.074">Sec. 42.074.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL DISCLOSURE OF RESIDENCE ADDRESS OR TELEPHONE NUMBER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.074/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person posts on a publicly accessible website or discloses through an electronic communication the residence address or telephone number of an individual with the intent to cause harm or a threat of harm to the individual or a member of the individual's family or household.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.074/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if the offense results in the bodily injury of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.074/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the individual whose residence address or telephone number was posted on a publicly accessible website or disclosed through an electronic communication; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.074/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a member of the individual's family or household.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.074/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>This section does not apply to a public servant who posted information described by Subsection (a) to a publicly accessible website or disclosed that information through an electronic communication in the performance of the public servant's duties as required by or in accordance with state or federal law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.074/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under Section 36.06(a-1), the actor may be prosecuted under either section but not both.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.074/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>In this section, "electronic communication" has the meaning assigned by Section 42.07.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 805 (H.B. 611), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 622 (H.B. 3425), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.075"> <num value="42.075">Sec. 42.075.</num> <heading>DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION REGARDING FAMILY VIOLENCE OR VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING SHELTER CENTER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.075/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "family violence shelter center" and "victims of trafficking shelter center" have the meanings assigned by Section 552.138, Government Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.075/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person, with the intent to threaten the safety of any inhabitant of a family violence shelter center or victims of trafficking shelter center, discloses or publicizes the location or physical layout of the center.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.075/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.075/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under Section 552.352, Government Code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1152 (H.B. 3091), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08"> <num value="42.08">Sec. 42.08.</num> <heading>ABUSE OF CORPSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, without legal authority, knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>disinters, disturbs, damages, dissects, in whole or in part, carries away, or treats in an offensive manner a human corpse;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>conceals a human corpse knowing it to be illegally disinterred;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>sells or buys a human corpse or in any way traffics in a human corpse;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>transmits or conveys, or procures to be transmitted or conveyed, a human corpse to a place outside the state; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>vandalizes, damages, or treats in an offensive manner the space in which a human corpse has been interred or otherwise permanently laid to rest.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony, except that an offense under Subsection (a)(5) is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "human corpse" includes:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>any portion of a human corpse;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the cremated remains of a human corpse; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>any portion of the cremated remains of a human corpse.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or both sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>as a member or agent of a cemetery organization, removed or damaged anything that had been placed in or on any portion of the organization's cemetery in violation of the rules of the organization; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>removed anything:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>placed in the cemetery in violation of the rules of the cemetery organization; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>placed in the cemetery by or with the cemetery organization's consent but that, in the organization's judgment, had become wrecked, unsightly, or dilapidated.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.08/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>In this section, "cemetery" and "cemetery organization" have the meanings assigned by Section 711.001, Health and Safety Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 42.10 by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1025 (H.B. 1012), Sec. 1, eff. June 18, 2005. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 299 (S.B. 524), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09"> <num value="42.09">Sec. 42.09.</num> <heading>CRUELTY TO LIVESTOCK ANIMALS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>tortures a livestock animal;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>fails unreasonably to provide necessary food, water, or care for a livestock animal in the person's custody;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>abandons unreasonably a livestock animal in the person's custody;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>transports or confines a livestock animal in a cruel and unusual manner;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>administers poison to a livestock animal, other than cattle, horses, sheep, swine, or goats, belonging to another without legal authority or the owner's effective consent;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>causes one livestock animal to fight with another livestock animal or with an animal as defined by Section 42.092;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>uses a live livestock animal as a lure in dog race training or in dog coursing on a racetrack;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>trips a horse; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>seriously overworks a livestock animal.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Abandon" includes abandoning a livestock animal in the person's custody without making reasonable arrangements for assumption of custody by another person.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Cruel manner" includes a manner that causes or permits unjustified or unwarranted pain or suffering.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Custody" includes responsibility for the health, safety, and welfare of a livestock animal subject to the person's care and control, regardless of ownership of the livestock animal.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Depredation" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.001, Parks and Wildlife Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>"Livestock animal" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>cattle, sheep, swine, goats, ratites, or poultry commonly raised for human consumption;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a horse, pony, mule, donkey, or hinny;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>native or nonnative hoofstock raised under agriculture practices; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>native or nonnative fowl commonly raised under agricultural practices.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Necessary food, water, or care" includes food, water, or care provided to the extent required to maintain the livestock animal in a state of good health.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Torture" includes any act that causes unjustifiable pain or suffering.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Trip" means to use an object to cause a horse to fall or lose its balance.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(2), (3), (4), or (9) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a state jail felony if the person has previously been convicted two times under this section, two times under Section 42.092, or one time under this section and one time under Section 42.092. An offense under Subsection (a)(1), (5), (6), (7), or (8) is a state jail felony, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if the person has previously been convicted two times under this section, two times under Section 42.092, or one time under this section and one time under Section 42.092.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(8) that the actor tripped the horse for the purpose of identifying the ownership of the horse or giving veterinary care to the horse.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution for an offense under this section that the actor was engaged in bona fide experimentation for scientific research.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>It is an exception to the application of this section that the conduct engaged in by the actor is a generally accepted and otherwise lawful:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>form of conduct occurring solely for the purpose of or in support of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>fishing, hunting, or trapping; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>wildlife management, wildlife or depredation control, or shooting preserve practices as regulated by state and federal law; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>animal husbandry or agriculture practice involving livestock animals.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.09/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>This section does not create a civil cause of action for damages or enforcement of this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 917, ch. 342, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 549, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 78, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 26, 1991. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 42.11 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1283, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 54, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 450, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1275, Sec. 2(116), eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 886 (H.B. 2328), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091"> <num value="42.091">Sec. 42.091.</num> <heading>ATTACK ON ASSISTANCE ANIMAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly attacks, injures, or kills an assistance animal.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly incites or permits an animal owned by or otherwise in the custody of the actor to attack, injure, or kill an assistance animal and, as a result of the person's conduct, the assistance animal is attacked, injured, or killed.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>Class A misdemeanor if the actor or an animal owned by or otherwise in the custody of the actor attacks an assistance animal;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>state jail felony if the actor or an animal owned by or otherwise in the custody of the actor injures an assistance animal; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>felony of the third degree if the actor or an animal owned by or otherwise in the custody of the actor kills an assistance animal.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>A court shall order a defendant convicted of an offense under Subsection (a) to make restitution to the owner of the assistance animal for:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>related veterinary or medical bills;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the cost of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>replacing the assistance animal; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>retraining an injured assistance animal by an organization generally recognized by agencies involved in the rehabilitation of persons with disabilities as reputable and competent to provide special equipment for or special training to an animal to help a person with a disability; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>any other expense reasonably incurred as a result of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Assistance animal" has the meaning assigned by Section 121.002, Human Resources Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.091/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Custody" has the meaning assigned by Section 42.09.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 710, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092"> <num value="42.092">Sec. 42.092.</num> <heading>CRUELTY TO NONLIVESTOCK ANIMALS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Abandon" includes abandoning an animal in the person's custody without making reasonable arrangements for assumption of custody by another person.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Animal" means a domesticated living creature, including any stray or feral cat or dog, and a wild living creature previously captured. The term does not include an uncaptured wild living creature or a livestock animal.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Cruel manner" includes a manner that causes or permits unjustified or unwarranted pain or suffering.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Custody" includes responsibility for the health, safety, and welfare of an animal subject to the person's care and control, regardless of ownership of the animal.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Depredation" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.001, Parks and Wildlife Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Livestock animal" has the meaning assigned by Section 42.09.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Necessary food, water, care, or shelter" includes food, water, care, or shelter provided to the extent required to maintain the animal in a state of good health.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Torture" includes any act that causes unjustifiable pain or suffering.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <chapeau>"Trap-Neuter-Return Program" means a nonlethal population control practice in which an animal is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>trapped;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>evaluated by a veterinarian;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>if unvaccinated, vaccinated by a veterinarian;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>if unsterilized, sterilized by a veterinarian;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>marked by a veterinarian, whether by notching or tipping one ear or otherwise; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>returned to the trap location.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>"Veterinarian" shall have the same meaning as set forth in Section 801.002, Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, recklessly, or with criminal negligence:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>tortures an animal or in a cruel manner kills or causes serious bodily injury to an animal;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>without the owner's effective consent, kills, administers poison to, or causes serious bodily injury to an animal;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>fails unreasonably to provide necessary food, water, care, or shelter for an animal in the person's custody;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>abandons unreasonably an animal in the person's custody;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>transports or confines an animal in a cruel manner;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>without the owner's effective consent, causes bodily injury to an animal;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>causes one animal to fight with another animal, if either animal is not a dog;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>uses a live animal as a lure in dog race training or in dog coursing on a racetrack; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>seriously overworks an animal.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b)(3), (4), (5), (6), or (9) is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is a state jail felony if the person has previously been convicted two times under this section, two times under Section 42.09, or one time under this section and one time under Section 42.09.</content> <continuation>(c-1) An offense under Subsection (b)(1) or (2) is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if the person has previously been convicted under Subsection (b)(1), (2), (7), or (8) or under Section 42.09.</continuation> <continuation>(c-2) An offense under Subsection (b)(7) or (8) is a state jail felony, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if the person has previously been convicted under this section or under Section 42.09.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor had a reasonable fear of bodily injury to the actor or to another person by a dangerous wild animal as defined by Section 822.101, Health and Safety Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor was engaged in bona fide experimentation for scientific research.</content> <continuation>(d-1) It is a defense to prosecution for alleged criminal negligence that the conduct occurred during the actual discharge of the actor's duties while employed as a veterinarian licensed under Chapter 801, Occupations Code, or as a person assisting the veterinarian.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(2) or (6) that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the animal was discovered on the person's property in the act of or after injuring or killing the person's livestock animals or damaging the person's crops and that the person killed or injured the animal at the time of this discovery; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person killed or injured the animal within the scope of the person's employment as a public servant or in furtherance of activities or operations associated with electricity transmission or distribution, electricity generation or operations associated with the generation of electricity, or natural gas delivery.</content> <continuation>(e-1) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(4) that the actor released or returned a stray or feral animal which is not a wild living creature pursuant to a Trap-Neuter-Return Program.</continuation> <continuation>(e-2) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(4) that the actor released or returned a previously trapped wild living creature in accordance with Texas wildlife laws and regulations.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>It is an exception to the application of this section that the conduct engaged in by the actor is a generally accepted and otherwise lawful:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>form of conduct occurring solely for the purpose of or in support of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>fishing, hunting, or trapping; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>wildlife management, wildlife or depredation control, or shooting preserve practices as regulated by state and federal law; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>animal husbandry or agriculture practice involving livestock animals.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.092/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>This section does not create a civil cause of action for damages or enforcement of the section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 886 (H.B. 2328), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 576 (S.B. 762), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 739 (S.B. 1232), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 537 (H.B. 3660), Sec. 1, eff. June 10, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 537 (H.B. 3660), Sec. 2, eff. June 10, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 342 (H.B. 285), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10"> <num value="42.10">Sec. 42.10.</num> <heading>DOG FIGHTING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>causes a dog to fight with another dog;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>participates in the earnings of or operates a facility used for dog fighting;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>uses or permits another to use any real estate, building, room, tent, arena, or other property for dog fighting;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>owns or possesses dog-fighting equipment with the intent that the equipment be used to train a dog for dog fighting or in furtherance of dog fighting;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>owns or trains a dog with the intent that the dog be used in an exhibition of dog fighting; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>attends as a spectator an exhibition of dog fighting.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Dog fighting" means any situation in which one dog attacks or fights with another dog.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Dog-fighting equipment" has the meaning assigned by Article 18.18(g), Code of Criminal Procedure.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A conviction under Subsection (a)(2) or (3) may be had upon the uncorroborated testimony of a party to the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(1) that the actor caused a dog to fight with another dog to protect livestock, other property, or a person from the other dog, and for no other purpose.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.10/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a)(4), (5), or (6) is a Class A misdemeanor. An offense under Subsection (a)(1), (2), or (3) is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 1610, ch. 305, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 42.111 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 644 (H.B. 916), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1357 (S.B. 554), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105"> <num value="42.105">Sec. 42.105.</num> <heading>COCKFIGHTING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Bridle" means a leather device designed to fit over the head and beak of a cock to prevent the cock from injuring another cock.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Cock" means the male of any type of domestic fowl.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Cockfighting" means any situation in which one cock attacks or fights with another cock.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Gaff" means an artificial steel spur designed to attach to the leg of a cock to replace or supplement the cock's natural spur.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Slasher" means a steel weapon resembling a curved knife blade designed to attach to the foot of a cock.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>causes a cock to fight with another cock;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>participates in the earnings of a cockfight;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>uses or permits another to use any real estate, building, room, tent, arena, or other property for cockfighting;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>owns or trains a cock with the intent that the cock be used in an exhibition of cockfighting;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>manufactures, buys, sells, barters, exchanges, possesses, advertises, or otherwise offers a gaff, slasher, or other sharp implement designed for attachment to a cock with the intent that the implement be used in cockfighting; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>attends as a spectator an exhibition of cockfighting.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor's conduct:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>occurred solely for the purpose of or in support of breeding cocks for poultry shows in which a cock is judged by the cock's physical appearance; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was incidental to collecting bridles, gaffs, or slashers.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An affirmative defense to prosecution is not available under Subsection (c) if evidence shows that the actor is also engaging in use of the cocks for cockfighting.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution for an offense under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor was engaged in bona fide experimentation for scientific research; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the conduct engaged in by the actor is a generally accepted and otherwise lawful animal husbandry or agriculture practice involving livestock animals.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of Subsection (b)(6) that the actor is 15 years of age or younger at the time of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.105/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b)(1) or (2) is a state jail felony. An offense under Subsection (b)(3), (4), or (5) is a Class A misdemeanor. An offense under Subsection (b)(6) is a Class C misdemeanor, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has been previously convicted of an offense under that subdivision.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 952 (H.B. 1043), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.107"> <num value="42.107">Sec. 42.107.</num> <heading>POSSESSION OF ANIMAL BY PERSON CONVICTED OF ANIMAL CRUELTY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.107/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.107/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>possesses or exercises control over an animal; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.107/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>within the five-year period preceding the date of the instant offense, has been previously convicted of an offense under:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.107/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>Section 42.091, 42.092, or 42.10; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.107/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>federal law or a penal law of another state containing elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense described by Paragraph (A).</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.107/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor, except that the offense is a Class B misdemeanor if the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 173 (H.B. 598), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.11"> <num value="42.11">Sec. 42.11.</num> <heading>DESTRUCTION OF FLAG</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly damages, defaces, mutilates, or burns the flag of the United States or the State of Texas.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In this section, "flag" means an emblem, banner, or other standard or a copy of an emblem, standard, or banner that is an official or commonly recognized depiction of the flag of the United States or of this state and is capable of being flown from a staff of any character or size. The term does not include a representation of a flag on a written or printed document, a periodical, stationery, a painting or photograph, or an article of clothing or jewelry.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.11/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section that the act that would otherwise constitute an offense is done in conformity with statutes of the United States or of this state relating to the proper disposal of damaged flags.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.11/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 27, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 42.14 by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.12"> <num value="42.12">Sec. 42.12.</num> <heading>DISCHARGE OF FIREARM IN CERTAIN MUNICIPALITIES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.12/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person recklessly discharges a firearm inside the corporate limits of a municipality having a population of 100,000 or more.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.12/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.12/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the person may be prosecuted under either section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.12/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Subsection (a) does not affect the authority of a municipality to enact an ordinance which prohibits the discharge of a firearm.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 663, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.13"> <num value="42.13">Sec. 42.13.</num> <heading>USE OF LASER POINTERS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.13/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly directs a light from a laser pointer at a uniformed safety officer, including a peace officer, security guard, firefighter, emergency medical service worker, or other uniformed municipal, state, or federal officer.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.13/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In this section, "laser pointer" means a device that emits a visible light amplified by the stimulated emission of radiation.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.13/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.13/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the conduct causes bodily injury to the officer; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.13/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the conduct causes serious bodily injury to the officer.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.13/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law, but not both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 467, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 200 (H.B. 2366), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.14"> <num value="42.14">Sec. 42.14.</num> <heading>ILLUMINATION OF AIRCRAFT BY INTENSE LIGHT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.14/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.14/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person intentionally directs a light from a laser pointer or other light source at an aircraft; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.14/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the light has an intensity sufficient to impair the operator's ability to control the aircraft.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.14/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor was using the light to send an emergency distress signal.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.14/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor unless the intensity of the light impairs the operator's ability to control the aircraft, in which event the offense is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.14/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section or the other law.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.14/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>In this section, "laser pointer" has the meaning assigned by Section 42.13.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 680 (H.B. 1586), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15"> <num value="42.15">Sec. 42.15.</num> <heading>OPERATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT OVER AIRPORT, MILITARY INSTALLATION, OR SPACEPORT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Airport" has the meaning assigned by Section 22.001, Transportation Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Military installation" means any military installation owned or operated by or for the federal government, this state, or another governmental entity.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Spaceport" means any property or facility that is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>used for the launch, landing, recovery, or testing of spacecraft, as defined by Section 507.001, Local Government Code; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>licensed by the Federal Aviation Administration or operated by a spaceport development corporation under Chapter 507, Local Government Code.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>operates an unmanned aircraft over an airport, military installation, or spaceport;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>allows an unmanned aircraft to make contact with an airport, military installation, or spaceport, including any person or object on the premises of or within the airport, military installation, or spaceport; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>operates an unmanned aircraft in a manner that interferes with the operations of or causes a disturbance to an airport, military installation, or spaceport.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the conduct described by Subsection (b) was engaged in by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the federal government, this state, or a governmental entity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a person under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of the federal government, this state, or a governmental entity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a law enforcement agency;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a person under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of a law enforcement agency;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>an owner or operator of the airport, military installation, or spaceport;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>a person under contract with or otherwise acting under the direction or on behalf of an owner or operator of the airport, military installation, or spaceport;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>a person who has the prior written or electronic authorization of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the owner or operator of the airport, military installation, or spaceport; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the Federal Aviation Administration; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>the owner or occupant of the property on which the airport, military installation, or spaceport is located or a person who has the prior written consent of the owner or occupant of that property.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c42/s42.15/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is a Class A misdemeanor if the actor has previously been convicted under this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1096 (S.B. 1308), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Amended by: Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 57 (S.B. 1197), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 57 (S.B. 1197), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 57 (S.B. 1197), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43"> <num value="43">CHAPTER 43.</num> <heading>PUBLIC INDECENCY</heading> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA"> <num value="A">SUBCHAPTER A.</num> <heading>PROSTITUTION</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.01"> <num value="43.01">Sec. 43.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this subchapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Access software provider" means a provider of software, including client or server software, or enabling tools that perform one or more of the following functions:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>filter, screen, allow, or disallow content;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>select, analyze, or digest content; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>transmit, receive, display, forward, cache, search, subset, organize, reorganize, or translate content.</content> <continuation>(1-a) "Deviate sexual intercourse" means any contact between the genitals of one person and the mouth or anus of another person.</continuation> <continuation>(1-b) "Fee" means the payment or offer of payment in the form of money, goods, services, or other benefit.</continuation> <continuation>(1-c) "Information content provider" means any person or entity that is wholly or partly responsible for the creation or development of information provided through the Internet or any other interactive computer service.</continuation> <continuation>(1-d) "Interactive computer service" means any information service, system, or access software provider that provides or enables computer access to a computer server by multiple users, including a service or system that provides access to the Internet or a system operated or service offered by a library or educational institution.</continuation> <continuation>(1-e) "Internet" means the international computer network of both federal and nonfederal interoperable packet switched data networks.</continuation> <continuation>(1-f) "Premises" has the meaning assigned by Section 481.134, Health and Safety Code.</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Prostitution" means the offense defined in Section 43.02.</content> <continuation>(2-a) "School" means a public or private primary or secondary school.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Sexual contact" means any touching of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of another person with intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Sexual conduct" includes deviate sexual intercourse, sexual contact, and sexual intercourse.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Sexual intercourse" means any penetration of the female sex organ by the male sex organ.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Solicitation of prostitution" means the offense defined in Section 43.021.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 373, ch. 168, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 27, 1979; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 35, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 413 (S.B. 20), Sec. 3.01, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 54, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 60, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (S.B. 1831), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.02"> <num value="43.02">Sec. 43.02.</num> <heading>PROSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly offers or agrees to receive a fee from another to engage in sexual conduct.</content> <continuation>(b-1) Repealed by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 44(2), eff. September 1, 2017.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a) is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if the actor has previously been convicted one or two times of an offense under Subsection (a); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a state jail felony if the actor has previously been convicted three or more times of an offense under Subsection (a).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution for an offense under Subsection (a) that the actor engaged in the conduct that constitutes the offense because the actor was the victim of conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 20A.02 or 43.05.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A conviction may be used for purposes of enhancement under this section or enhancement under Subchapter D, Chapter 12, but not under both this section and Subchapter D, Chapter 12. For purposes of enhancement of penalties under this section or Subchapter D, Chapter 12, a defendant is previously convicted of an offense under this section if the defendant was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred adjudication, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and the defendant was subsequently discharged from community supervision.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 757, ch. 286, Sec. 1, eff. May 27, 1977; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 987, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1002 (H.B. 4009), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 515 (H.B. 2014), Sec. 4.02, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1252 (H.B. 8), Sec. 15, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 332 (H.B. 10), Sec. 14, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1273 (S.B. 825), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 36, eff. September 1, 2017. Reenacted and amended by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 37, eff. September 1, 2017. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 44(2), eff. September 1, 2017. Reenacted and amended by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2017. Amended by: Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 413 (S.B. 20), Sec. 2.05, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 29, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 61, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (S.B. 1831), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 1527), Sec. 2.04, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 768 (H.B. 4595), Sec. 17.003, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021"> <num value="43.021">Sec. 43.021.</num> <heading>SOLICITATION OF PROSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly offers or agrees to pay a fee to another person for the purpose of engaging in sexual conduct with that person or another.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a) is a state jail felony, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if the actor has previously been convicted of an offense under Subsection (a) or under Section 43.02(b), as that law existed before September 1, 2021; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree if the person with respect to whom the actor offers or agrees to engage in sexual conduct is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>younger than 18 years of age, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the person at the time of the offense;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>represented to the actor as being younger than 18 years of age; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>believed by the actor to be younger than 18 years of age.</content> <continuation>(b-1) The punishment prescribed for an offense under Subsection (a) is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next highest category of offense if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense in a location that was:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>on the premises of or within 1,000 feet of the premises of a school; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>on premises or within 1,000 feet of premises where:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an official school function was taking place; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an event sponsored or sanctioned by the University Interscholastic League was taking place.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.021/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A conviction may be used for purposes of enhancement under this section or enhancement under Subchapter D, Chapter 12, but not under both this section and that subchapter. For purposes of enhancement of penalties under this section or Subchapter D, Chapter 12, a defendant is considered to have been previously convicted of an offense under this section or under Section 43.02(b), as that law existed before September 1, 2021, if the defendant was adjudged guilty of the offense or entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere in return for a grant of deferred adjudication, regardless of whether the sentence for the offense was ever imposed or whether the sentence was probated and the defendant was subsequently discharged from community supervision.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 28, eff. September 1, 2021. Amended by: Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 29, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 30, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 1527), Sec. 2.03, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 1527), Sec. 2.04, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 768 (H.B. 4595), Sec. 17.003, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 2.01, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.03"> <num value="43.03">Sec. 43.03.</num> <heading>PROMOTION OF PROSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, acting other than as a prostitute receiving compensation for personally rendered prostitution services, he or she knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>receives money or other property pursuant to an agreement to participate in the proceeds of prostitution; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>solicits another to engage in sexual conduct with another person for compensation.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the actor has been previously convicted of an offense under this section; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if the actor engages in conduct described by Subsection (a)(1) or (2) involving a person younger than 18 years of age, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the person at the time of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 758, ch. 287, Sec. 1, eff. May 27, 1977; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1252 (H.B. 8), Sec. 16, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 38, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 273 (S.B. 1802), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 461 (S.B. 1653), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.031"> <num value="43.031">Sec. 43.031.</num> <heading>ONLINE PROMOTION OF PROSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.031/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person owns, manages, or operates an interactive computer service or information content provider, or operates as an information content provider, with the intent to promote the prostitution of another person or facilitate another person to engage in prostitution or solicitation of prostitution.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.031/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.031/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>has been previously convicted of an offense under this section or Section 43.041; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.031/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>engages in conduct described by Subsection (a) involving a person younger than 18 years of age engaging in prostitution, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the person at the time of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 413 (S.B. 20), Sec. 3.02, eff. September 1, 2019. Amended by: Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 55, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.032"> <num value="43.032">Sec. 43.032.</num> <heading>CONTINUOUS PROMOTION OF PROSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.032/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, the person engages two or more times in conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 43.03.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.032/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If a jury is the trier of fact, members of the jury are not required to agree unanimously on which specific conduct engaged in by the defendant constituted an offense under Section 43.03 or on which exact date the defendant engaged in that conduct. The jury must agree unanimously that the defendant, during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, engaged two or more times in conduct that constituted an offense under Section 43.03.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.032/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>If the victim of an offense under Subsection (a) is the same victim as a victim of an offense under Section 43.03, a defendant may not be convicted of the offense under Section 43.03 in the same criminal action as the offense under Subsection (a), unless the offense under Section 43.03:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.032/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is charged in the alternative;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.032/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>occurred outside the period in which the offense alleged under Subsection (a) was committed; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.032/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is considered by the trier of fact to be a lesser included offense of the offense alleged under Subsection (a).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.032/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A defendant may not be charged with more than one count under Subsection (a) if all of the conduct that constitutes an offense under Section 43.03 is alleged to have been committed against the same victim.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.032/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 2.02, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.04"> <num value="43.04">Sec. 43.04.</num> <heading>AGGRAVATED PROMOTION OF PROSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he knowingly owns, invests in, finances, controls, supervises, or manages a prostitution enterprise that uses two or more prostitutes.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1252 (H.B. 8), Sec. 17, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 39, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 273 (S.B. 1802), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.041"> <num value="43.041">Sec. 43.041.</num> <heading>AGGRAVATED ONLINE PROMOTION OF PROSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.041/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person owns, manages, or operates an interactive computer service or information content provider, or operates as an information content provider, with the intent to promote the prostitution of five or more persons or facilitate five or more persons to engage in prostitution or solicitation of prostitution.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.041/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.041/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>has been previously convicted of an offense under this section; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.041/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>engages in conduct described by Subsection (a) involving two or more persons younger than 18 years of age engaging in prostitution, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the persons at the time of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 413 (S.B. 20), Sec. 3.02, eff. September 1, 2019. Amended by: Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 56, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05"> <num value="43.05">Sec. 43.05.</num> <heading>COMPELLING PROSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>causes another by force, threat, coercion, or fraud to commit prostitution;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>causes by any means a child younger than 18 years to commit prostitution, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the child at the time of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>causes by any means a disabled individual, as defined by Section 22.021(b), to commit prostitution, regardless of whether the actor knows the individual is disabled at the time of the offense.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or under both sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section, "coercion" as defined by Section 1.07 includes:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>destroying, concealing, confiscating, or withholding from a person, or threatening to destroy, conceal, confiscate, or withhold from a person, the person's actual or purported:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>government records; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>identifying information or documents;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>causing a person, without the person's consent, to become intoxicated, as defined by Section 49.01, to a degree that impairs the person's ability to appraise the nature of the person's conduct that constitutes prostitution or to resist engaging in that conduct; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>withholding alcohol or a controlled substance to a degree that impairs the ability of a person with a chemical dependency, as defined by Section 462.001, Health and Safety Code, to appraise the nature of the person's conduct that constitutes prostitution or to resist engaging in that conduct.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is not a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2) or (3) that the child or disabled individual:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>lacks the culpable mental state to engage in the act of prostitution; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>did not complete the act of prostitution.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1002 (H.B. 4009), Sec. 9, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 24), Sec. 1.03, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1273 (S.B. 825), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 40, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 273 (S.B. 1802), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 1527), Sec. 2.05, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 602 (H.B. 2761), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.06"> <num value="43.06">Sec. 43.06.</num> <heading>ACCOMPLICE WITNESS; TESTIMONY AND IMMUNITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A party to an offense under this subchapter may be required to furnish evidence or testify about the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A party to an offense under this subchapter may not be prosecuted for any offense about which he is required to furnish evidence or testify, and the evidence and testimony may not be used against the party in any adjudicatory proceeding except a prosecution for aggravated perjury.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "adjudicatory proceeding" means a proceeding before a court or any other agency of government in which the legal rights, powers, duties, or privileges of specified parties are determined.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scA/s43.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A conviction under this subchapter may be had upon the uncorroborated testimony of a party to the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> <subchapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB"> <num value="B">SUBCHAPTER B.</num> <heading>OBSCENITY</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21"> <num value="43.21">Sec. 43.21.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this subchapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Obscene" means material or a performance that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the average person, applying contemporary community standards, would find that taken as a whole appeals to the prurient interest in sex;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>depicts or describes:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>patently offensive representations or descriptions of ultimate sexual acts, normal or perverted, actual or simulated, including sexual intercourse, sodomy, and sexual bestiality; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>patently offensive representations or descriptions of masturbation, excretory functions, sadism, masochism, lewd exhibition of the genitals, the male or female genitals in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal, covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state or a device designed and marketed as useful primarily for stimulation of the human genital organs; and</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, and scientific value.</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Material" means anything tangible that is capable of being used or adapted to arouse interest, whether through the medium of reading, observation, sound, or in any other manner, but does not include an actual three dimensional obscene device.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Performance" means a play, motion picture, dance, or other exhibition performed before an audience.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Patently offensive" means so offensive on its face as to affront current community standards of decency.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Promote" means to manufacture, issue, sell, give, provide, lend, mail, deliver, transfer, transmit, publish, distribute, circulate, disseminate, present, exhibit, or advertise, or to offer or agree to do the same.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Wholesale promote" means to manufacture, issue, sell, provide, mail, deliver, transfer, transmit, publish, distribute, circulate, disseminate, or to offer or agree to do the same for purpose of resale.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Obscene device" means a device including a dildo or artificial vagina, designed or marketed as useful primarily for the stimulation of human genital organs.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.21/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If any of the depictions or descriptions of sexual conduct described in this section are declared by a court of competent jurisdiction to be unlawfully included herein, this declaration shall not invalidate this section as to other patently offensive sexual conduct included herein.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 372, ch. 163, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1974, ch. 778, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.22"> <num value="43.22">Sec. 43.22.</num> <heading>OBSCENE DISPLAY OR DISTRIBUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.22/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly displays or distributes an obscene photograph, drawing, or similar visual representation or other obscene material and is reckless about whether a person is present who will be offended or alarmed by the display or distribution.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.22/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23"> <num value="43.23">Sec. 43.23.</num> <heading>OBSCENITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, knowing its content and character, he wholesale promotes or possesses with intent to wholesale promote any obscene material or obscene device.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (h), an offense under Subsection (a) is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, knowing its content and character, he:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>promotes or possesses with intent to promote any obscene material or obscene device; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>produces, presents, or directs an obscene performance or participates in a portion thereof that is obscene or that contributes to its obscenity.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (h), an offense under Subsection (c) is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A person who promotes or wholesale promotes obscene material or an obscene device or possesses the same with intent to promote or wholesale promote it in the course of his business is presumed to do so with knowledge of its content and character.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>A person who possesses six or more obscene devices or identical or similar obscene articles is presumed to possess them with intent to promote the same.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the person who possesses or promotes material or a device proscribed by this section does so for a bona fide medical, psychiatric, judicial, legislative, or law enforcement purpose.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <chapeau>The punishment for an offense under Subsection (a) or (c) is increased to the punishment for a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that obscene material that is the subject of the offense visually depicts activities described by Section 43.21(a)(1)(B) engaged in by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a child younger than 18 years of age at the time the image of the child was made;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an image that to a reasonable person would be virtually indistinguishable from the image of a child younger than 18 years of age; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>an image created, adapted, or modified to be the image of an identifiable child.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>In this section, "identifiable child" means a person, recognizable as an actual person by the person's face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>who was younger than 18 years of age at the time the visual depiction was created, adapted, or modified; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>whose image as a person younger than 18 years of age was used in creating, adapting, or modifying the visual depiction.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.23/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <content>An attorney representing the state who seeks an increase in punishment under Subsection (h)(3) is not required to prove the actual identity of an identifiable child.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1975, ch. 778, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1005, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1252 (H.B. 8), Sec. 19, eff. September 1, 2013.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231"> <num value="43.231">Sec. 43.231.</num> <heading>PROMOTION OR POSSESSION OF CHILD-LIKE SEX DOLL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "child-like sex doll" means an obscene, anatomically correct doll, mannequin, or robot that has the features of a child and that is intended to be used for sexual stimulation or gratification.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>promotes a child-like sex doll;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>possesses, with the intent to promote, a child-like sex doll; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>possesses a child-like sex doll.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b)(1) is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b)(2) is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b)(3) is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>A person who possesses two or more child-like sex dolls is presumed to possess the dolls with the intent to promote the dolls.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.231/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor possesses or promotes a child-like sex doll for a bona fide law enforcement purpose.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 384 (H.B. 1443), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235"> <num value="43.235">Sec. 43.235.</num> <heading>POSSESSION, PROMOTION, OR PRODUCTION OF CERTAIN VISUAL MATERIAL APPEARING TO DEPICT CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Promote" has the meaning assigned by Section 43.25.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Visual material" has the meaning assigned by Section 43.26.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>knowingly possesses, accesses with intent to view, or promotes obscene visual material containing a depiction that appears to be of a child younger than 18 years of age engaging in activities described by Section 43.21(a)(1)(B), regardless of whether the depiction is an image of an actual child, a cartoon or animation, or an image created using an artificial intelligence application or other computer software; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>uses an image of an actual child younger than 18 years of age at the time the image was made with the intent to train an artificial intelligence model to produce visual material constituting child pornography under Section 43.26.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a state jail felony, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has been previously convicted one time of an offense under this section or Section 43.23, 43.26, 43.261, or 43.262; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has been previously convicted two or more times of an offense under this section, Section 43.23, 43.26, 43.261, or 43.262, or any combination of those offenses.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.235/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 756 (S.B. 20), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24"> <num value="43.24">Sec. 43.24.</num> <heading>SALE, DISTRIBUTION, OR DISPLAY OF HARMFUL MATERIAL TO MINOR</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>For purposes of this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Minor" means an individual younger than 18 years.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Harmful material" means material whose dominant theme taken as a whole:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>appeals to the prurient interest of a minor, in sex, nudity, or excretion;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult community as a whole with respect to what is suitable for minors; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>is utterly without redeeming social value for minors.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, knowing that the material is harmful:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>and knowing the person is a minor, he sells, distributes, exhibits, or possesses for sale, distribution, or exhibition to a minor harmful material;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>he displays harmful material and is reckless about whether a minor is present who will be offended or alarmed by the display; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>he hires, employs, or uses a minor to do or accomplish or assist in doing or accomplishing any of the acts prohibited in Subsection (b)(1) or (b)(2).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 39 (S.B. 412), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</content> <continuation>(c-1) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor was the spouse of the minor at the time of the offense.</continuation> <continuation>(c-2) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(1) or (2) that at the time of the offense the actor was a judicial or law enforcement officer discharging the officer's official duties.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.24/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor unless it is committed under Subsection (b)(3) in which event it is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 497 (H.B. 1344), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 39 (S.B. 412), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 39 (S.B. 412), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25"> <num value="43.25">Sec. 43.25.</num> <heading>SEXUAL PERFORMANCE BY A CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Sexual performance" means any performance or part thereof that includes sexual conduct by a child younger than 18 years of age.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Sexual conduct" means sexual contact, actual or simulated sexual intercourse, deviate sexual intercourse, sexual bestiality, masturbation, sado-masochistic abuse, or lewd exhibition of the genitals, the anus, or any portion of the female breast below the top of the areola.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Performance" means any play, motion picture, photograph, dance, or other visual representation that can be exhibited before an audience of one or more persons.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Produce" with respect to a sexual performance includes any conduct that directly contributes to the creation or manufacture of the sexual performance.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Promote" means to procure, manufacture, issue, sell, give, provide, lend, mail, deliver, transfer, transmit, publish, distribute, circulate, disseminate, present, exhibit, or advertise or to offer or agree to do any of the above.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Simulated" means the explicit depiction of sexual conduct that creates the appearance of actual sexual conduct and during which a person engaging in the conduct exhibits any uncovered portion of the breasts, genitals, or buttocks.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Deviate sexual intercourse" and "sexual contact" have the meanings assigned by Section 43.01.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, knowing the character and content thereof, he employs, authorizes, or induces a child younger than 18 years of age to engage in sexual conduct or a sexual performance. A parent or legal guardian or custodian of a child younger than 18 years of age commits an offense if he consents to the participation by the child in a sexual performance.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (b) is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if the victim is younger than 14 years of age at the time the offense is committed, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the victim at the time of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, knowing the character and content of the material, he produces, directs, or promotes a performance that includes sexual conduct by a child younger than 18 years of age.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (d) is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is a felony of the second degree if the victim is younger than 14 years of age at the time the offense is committed, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the victim at the time of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to a prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the defendant was the spouse of the child at the time of the offense;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>at the time of the offense the actor was a judicial or law enforcement officer discharging the officer's official duties; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the defendant is not more than two years older than the child.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>When it becomes necessary for the purposes of this section or Section 43.26 to determine whether a child who participated in sexual conduct was younger than 18 years of age, the court or jury may make this determination by any of the following methods:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>personal inspection of the child;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>inspection of the photograph or motion picture that shows the child engaging in the sexual performance;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>oral testimony by a witness to the sexual performance as to the age of the child based on the child's appearance at the time;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>expert medical testimony based on the appearance of the child engaging in the sexual performance; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>any other method authorized by law or by the rules of evidence at common law.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.25/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>Conduct under this section constitutes an offense regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the victim at the time of the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 1035, ch. 381, Sec. 1, eff. June 10, 1977. Amended by Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1976, ch. 779, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1979; Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 530, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1415, Sec. 22(b), eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1005, Sec. 4, 5 eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (H.B. 8), Sec. 1.20, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 41, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 12, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 39 (S.B. 412), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251"> <num value="43.251">Sec. 43.251.</num> <heading>EMPLOYMENT HARMFUL TO CHILDREN</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means a person younger than 21 years of age.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Massage" has the meaning assigned to the term "massage therapy" by Section 455.001, Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Massage establishment" has the meaning assigned by Section 455.001, Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>"Nude" means a child who is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>entirely unclothed; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>clothed in a manner that leaves uncovered or visible through less than fully opaque clothing any portion of the breasts below the top of the areola of the breasts, if the child is female, or any portion of the genitals or buttocks.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Sexually oriented commercial activity" means a massage establishment, nude studio, modeling studio, love parlor, or other similar commercial enterprise the primary business of which is the offering of a service that is intended to provide sexual stimulation or sexual gratification to the customer.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Topless" means a female child clothed in a manner that leaves uncovered or visible through less than fully opaque clothing any portion of her breasts below the top of the areola.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person employs, authorizes, or induces a child to work:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>in a sexually oriented commercial activity; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.251/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>in any place of business permitting, requesting, or requiring a child to work nude or topless.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 42 (c) An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if the child is younger than 14 years of age at the time the offense is committed, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the child at the time of the offense. Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 13 (c) An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree if the victim is younger than 14 years of age at the time the offense is committed, regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the victim at the time of the offense. Text of subsection as added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 42 (d) Conduct under this section constitutes an offense regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the child at the time of the offense. Text of subsection as added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 13 (d) Conduct under this section constitutes an offense regardless of whether the actor knows the age of the victim at the time of the offense. Added by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 783, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 31, 1987. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.832, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 515 (H.B. 2014), Sec. 4.03, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 938 (H.B. 290), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1252 (H.B. 8), Sec. 18, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 685 (H.B. 29), Sec. 42, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1038 (H.B. 1808), Sec. 13, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 79 (S.B. 315), Sec. 8, eff. May 24, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 942 (S.B. 766), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26"> <num value="43.26">Sec. 43.26.</num> <heading>POSSESSION OR PROMOTION OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Depiction of a child" means, with respect to an image of a child contained in visual material:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a depiction of a child who was younger than 18 years of age at the time the image of the child was made; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a depiction of a child:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature; and</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>whose image as a child younger than 18 years of age was used in creating, adapting, or modifying the visual material, including computer-generated visual material that was created, adapted, or modified using an artificial intelligence application or other computer software.</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Depiction of a computer-generated child" means, with respect to an image of a child contained in visual material, a depiction:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>appearing to be a child younger than 18 years of age;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>created using an artificial intelligence application or other computer software; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>that to a reasonable person is virtually indistinguishable from an actual child younger than 18 years of age.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Promote" and "sexual conduct" have the meanings assigned by Section 43.25.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"School library" means a library of a public or private primary or secondary school.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>"Visual material" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>any film, photograph, videotape, negative, or slide or any photographic reproduction that contains or incorporates in any manner any film, photograph, videotape, negative, or slide; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>any disk, diskette, or other physical medium, or a file in any digital format, that allows an image to be displayed on a computer or other video screen and any image transmitted to a computer or other video screen by telephone line, cable, satellite transmission, or other method.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person commits an offense if:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person intentionally or knowingly possesses, or intentionally or knowingly accesses with intent to view, visual material that contains a visual depiction of a child engaging in sexual conduct, including a depiction of a child engaging in sexual conduct as a victim of an offense under Section 20A.02(a)(5), (6), (7), or (8); and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the person knows or should have known that the depiction described by Subdivision (1) is of a child younger than 18 years of age at the time the image of the child was made.</content> <continuation>(a-2) A person commits an offense if the person:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly possesses, or intentionally or knowingly accesses with intent to view, visual material that contains a visual depiction of a computer-generated child engaging in sexual conduct; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>either:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>knows or should have known that the depiction described by Subdivision (1) appears to be of a child younger than 18 years of age; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>believes that the depiction is of an actual child younger than 18 years of age at the time the image of the child was made.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 7(1), eff. September 1, 2025.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 7(1), eff. September 1, 2025.</content> <continuation>(c-1) An offense under Subsection (a-1) is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>has been previously convicted one time of an offense:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>under this chapter; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>described by Article 62.001(5), Code of Criminal Procedure; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>possesses visual material that contains 10 or more visual depictions of a child engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-1)(1) but fewer than 50 such depictions;</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the first degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>has been previously convicted two or more times of an offense, or any combination of offenses:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>under this chapter; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>described by Article 62.001(5), Code of Criminal Procedure; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>possesses visual material that:</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>contains 50 or more visual depictions of a child engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-1)(1); or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>visually depicts conduct constituting an offense under Section 22.011(a)(2); or</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the first degree punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>at the time of the offense, the actor was:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>an employee at a child-care facility or a residential child-care facility, as those terms are defined by Section 42.002, Human Resources Code;</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>an employee at a residential treatment facility established under Section 221.056, Human Resources Code;</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>an employee at a shelter or facility that serves youth and that receives state funds; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/iv"> <num value="iv">(iv)</num> <content>receiving state funds for the care of a child depicted by the visual material; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the actor displayed the visual material or caused the visual material to be displayed in a school library.</content> <continuation>(c-2) If it is shown on the trial of an offense under Subsection (a-1) that the visual material contained a depiction of a child younger than 10 years of age at the time the image of the child was made engaging in sexual conduct as described by Section (a-1)(1):</continuation> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>an offense punishable under Subsection (c-1) as a felony of the second or third degree is increased to the next higher category of offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the minimum term of imprisonment for an offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsection (c-1)(2) is increased to 15 years.</content> <continuation>(c-3) An offense under Subsection (a-2) is a state jail felony, except that the offense is:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>has been previously convicted one time of an offense:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>under this chapter; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>described by Article 62.001(5), Code of Criminal Procedure; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>possesses visual material that contains 10 or more visual depictions of a computer-generated child engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-2)(1) but fewer than 50 such depictions;</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>has been previously convicted two or more times of an offense, or any combination of offenses:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>under this chapter; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>described by Article 62.001(5), Code of Criminal Procedure; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>possesses visual material that contains 50 or more visual depictions of a computer-generated child engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-2)(1); or</content> </subparagraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the second degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of 10 years if it is shown on the trial of the offense that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>at the time of the offense, the actor was an employee described by Subsection (c-1)(3)(A)(i), (ii), or (iii); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.26/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the actor displayed the visual material or caused the visual material to be displayed in a school library.</content> <continuation>(c-4) If it is shown on the trial of an offense under Subsection (a-2) that the visual material contained a depiction of a computer-generated child who appears to be younger than 10 years of age and is engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-2)(1), the punishment for the offense is increased to the punishment for the next higher category of offense, provided that the minimum term of imprisonment for an offense described for purposes of punishment by Subsection (c-3)(3) is 10 years.</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Without reference to the amendment of this subsection, this subsection was repealed by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 7(1), eff. September 1, 2025. (d) An offense under Subsection (a) is: (1) a felony of the third degree if the person possesses visual material that contains fewer than 10 visual depictions of a child as described by Subsection (a)(1); (2) a felony of the second degree if the person possesses visual material that contains 10 or more visual depictions of a child as described by Subsection (a)(1) but fewer than 50 such depictions; (3) a felony of the first degree if the person: (A) possesses visual material that contains 50 or more visual depictions of a child as described by Subsection (a)(1); or (B) possesses visual material of conduct constituting an offense under Section 22.011(a)(2); or (4) a felony of the first degree punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years if it is shown on the trial of the offense that, at the time of the offense, the person was: (A) an employee at a child-care facility or a residential child-care facility, as those terms are defined by Section 42.002, Human Resources Code; (B) an employee at a residential treatment facility established under Section 221.056, Human Resources Code; (C) an employee at a shelter or facility that serves youth and that receives state funds; or (D) receiving state funds for the care of a child depicted by the visual material. (d-1) Repealed by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 3.03, and Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2025. (d-2) Repealed by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 3.03(2), and Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 7(1), eff. September 1, 2025. (e) A person commits an offense if: (1) the person intentionally or knowingly promotes or possesses with intent to promote visual material described by Subsection (a-1)(1); and (2) the person knows or should have known that the depiction described by Subsection (a-1)(1) is of a child younger than 18 years of age at the time the image of the child was made. (e-1) A person commits an offense if the person: (1) intentionally or knowingly promotes or possesses with intent to promote visual material described by Subsection (a-2)(1); and (2) either: (A) knows or should have known that the depiction described by Subsection (a-2)(1) appears to be of a child younger than 18 years of age; or (B) believes that the depiction is of an actual child younger than 18 years of age at the time the image of the child was made. (f) In the prosecution of an offense under Subsection (a-1) or (e): (1) the state is not required to prove the identity of the child in the depiction described by Subsection (a-1)(1); and (2) there is a rebuttable presumption that the depiction is of an actual child, as described by Subsection (a)(1)(A) or (B), and not of a computer-generated child, as described by Subsection (a)(2). Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 3.02 (g) An offense under Subsection (e) is a felony of the first degree, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree with a minimum term of confinement of 15 years if: (1) the person promotes or possesses with intent to promote: (A) visual material that contains 50 or more visual depictions of a child as described by Subsection (a)(1); or (B) visual material of conduct constituting an offense under Section 22.011(a)(2); and (2) it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has been previously convicted of an offense under this section. Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 1 (g) An offense under Subsection (e) is a felony of the second degree, except that the offense is: (1) a felony of the first degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor: (A) has been previously convicted one or more times of an offense: (i) under this chapter; or (ii) described by Article 62.001(5), Code of Criminal Procedure; (B) promotes or possesses with intent to promote visual material that contains 10 or more visual depictions of a child engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-1)(1) but fewer than 50 such depictions; or (C) promotes or possesses with intent to promote visual material that contains one or more visual depictions of a child who appears to be younger than 10 years of age and is engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-1)(1); or (2) a felony of the first degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of 15 years if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor promotes or possesses with intent to promote visual material that: (A) contains 50 or more visual depictions of a child engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-1)(1); or (B) visually depicts conduct constituting an offense under Section 22.011(a)(2) with respect to a depiction of a child. (g-1) An offense under Subsection (e-1) is a felony of the third degree, except that the offense is: (1) a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person: (A) has been previously convicted one or more times of an offense: (i) under this chapter; or (ii) described by Article 62.001(5), Code of Criminal Procedure; (B) promotes or possesses with intent to promote visual material that contains 10 or more visual depictions of a computer-generated child engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-2)(1); or (C) promotes or possesses with intent to promote visual material that contains one or more visual depictions of a computer-generated child who appears to be younger than 10 years of age and is engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-2)(1); or (2) a felony of the second degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of 10 years if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person promotes or possesses with intent to promote visual material that contains 50 or more visual depictions of a computer-generated child engaging in sexual conduct as described by Subsection (a-2)(1). (h) It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor is a law enforcement officer or a school administrator who: (1) possessed or accessed the visual material in good faith solely as a result of an allegation of a violation of Section 43.261; (2) allowed other law enforcement or school administrative personnel to possess or access the material only as appropriate based on the allegation described by Subdivision (1); and (3) took reasonable steps to destroy the material within an appropriate period following the allegation described by Subdivision (1). (h-1) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that at the time of the offense the actor was a judicial or law enforcement officer discharging the officer's official duties. (h-2) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (a-2) or (e-1) that the actor is not more than two years older than the depicted child. (i) Repealed by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 7(1), eff. September 1, 2025. Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 530, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 361, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 968, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 14.51, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 933, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1415, Sec. 22(c), eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1322 (S.B. 407), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1252 (H.B. 8), Sec. 20, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 933 (H.B. 2291), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 1527), Sec. 6.02, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 1527), Sec. 6.03, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 730 (H.B. 2700), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1041 (S.B. 129), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 3.01, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 3.02, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 3.03(1), eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 250 (H.B. 1778), Sec. 3.03(2), eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 7(1), eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 7(2), eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 7(3), eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261"> <num value="43.261">Sec. 43.261.</num> <heading>ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF CERTAIN VISUAL MATERIAL DEPICTING MINOR</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Dating relationship" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.0021, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Minor" means a person younger than 18 years of age.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Produce" with respect to visual material includes any conduct that directly contributes to the creation or manufacture of the material.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Promote" has the meaning assigned by Section 43.25.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Sexual conduct" has the meaning assigned by Section 43.25.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Visual material" has the meaning assigned by Section 43.26.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person who is a minor commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>by electronic means promotes to another minor visual material depicting a minor, including the actor, engaging in sexual conduct, if the actor produced the visual material or knows that another minor produced the visual material; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>possesses in an electronic format visual material depicting another minor engaging in sexual conduct, if the actor produced the visual material or knows that another minor produced the visual material.</content> <continuation>(b-1) For purposes of conduct prohibited under Subsection (b), visual material to which that conduct applies includes:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>a depiction of a minor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>whose image as a minor was used in creating, adapting, or modifying the visual material, including computer-generated visual material that was created, adapted, or modified using an artificial intelligence application or other computer software; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a depiction of a minor, created using an artificial intelligence application or other computer software, that to a reasonable person is virtually indistinguishable from an actual minor.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (b)(1) is a Class C misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>a Class B misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>promoted the visual material with intent to harass, annoy, alarm, abuse, torment, embarrass, or offend another; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>except as provided by Subdivision (2)(A), has previously been convicted one time of any offense under this section; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>a Class A misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor has previously been:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>convicted one or more times of an offense punishable under Subdivision (1)(A); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>convicted two or more times of any offense under this section.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (b)(2) is a Class C misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a Class B misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor has previously been convicted one time of any offense under this section; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a Class A misdemeanor if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the actor has previously been convicted two or more times of any offense under this section.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the visual material:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>depicted only the actor or another minor:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>who is not more than two years older or younger than the actor and with whom the actor had a dating relationship at the time of the offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>who was the spouse of the actor at the time of the offense; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was promoted or received only to or from the actor and the other minor.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (b)(2) that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>did not produce or solicit the visual material;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>possessed the visual material only after receiving the material from another minor; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>destroyed the visual material within a reasonable amount of time after receiving the material from another minor.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another law, the defendant may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.261/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Section 51.13, Family Code, a finding that a person has engaged in conduct in violation of this section is considered a conviction for the purposes of Subsections (c) and (d).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1322 (S.B. 407), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 730 (H.B. 2700), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262"> <num value="43.262">Sec. 43.262.</num> <heading>POSSESSION OR PROMOTION OF LEWD VISUAL MATERIAL DEPICTING CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Promote" and "sexual conduct" have the meanings assigned by Section 43.25.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Visual material" has the meaning assigned by Section 43.26.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly possesses, accesses with intent to view, or promotes visual material that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>depicts the lewd exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of an unclothed, partially clothed, or clothed child who is younger than 18 years of age at the time the visual material was created;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>appeals to the prurient interest in sex; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>has no serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value.</content> <continuation>(b-1) For purposes of conduct prohibited under Subsection (b), visual material to which that conduct applies includes:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>a depiction of a child:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>who is recognizable as an actual person by the person's face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>whose image as a child younger than 18 years of age was used in creating, adapting, or modifying the visual material, including computer-generated visual material that was created, adapted, or modified using an artificial intelligence application or other computer software; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a depiction of a child, created using an artificial intelligence application or other computer software, that to a reasonable person is virtually indistinguishable from an actual child younger than 18 years of age.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a state jail felony, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has been previously convicted one time of an offense under this section or Section 43.26; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has been previously convicted two or more times of an offense under this section or Section 43.26.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.262/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is not a defense to prosecution under this section that the depicted child consented to the creation of the visual material.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 350 (H.B. 1810), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 730 (H.B. 2700), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 847 (S.B. 1621), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.27"> <num value="43.27">Sec. 43.27.</num> <heading>DUTY TO REPORT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.27/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, " visual material" has the meaning assigned by Section 43.26.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.27/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A business that develops or processes visual material and determines that the material may be evidence of a criminal offense under this subchapter shall report the existence of the visual material to a local law enforcement agency.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1005, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28"> <num value="43.28">Sec. 43.28.</num> <heading>CERTAIN SEXUALLY ORIENTED PERFORMANCES PROHIBITED</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Sexual conduct" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the exhibition or representation, actual or simulated, of sexual acts, including vaginal sex, anal sex, and masturbation;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the exhibition or representation, actual or simulated, of male or female genitals in a lewd state, including a state of sexual stimulation or arousal;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the exhibition of a device designed and marketed as useful primarily for the sexual stimulation of male or female genitals;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>actual contact or simulated contact occurring between one person and the buttocks, breast, or any part of the genitals of another person; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>the exhibition of sexual gesticulations using accessories or prosthetics that exaggerate male or female sexual characteristics.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Sexually oriented performance" means a visual performance that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>features:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>a performer who is nude, as defined by Section 102.051, Business & Commerce Code; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>any other performer who engages in sexual conduct; and</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>appeals to the prurient interest in sex.</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, regardless of whether compensation for the performance is expected or received, the person engages in a sexually oriented performance:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>on public property at a time, in a place, and in a manner that could reasonably be expected to be viewed by a child; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>in the presence of an individual younger than 18 years of age.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t9/c43/scB/s43.28/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 931 (S.B. 12), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> </subchapter> </chapter> <num value="10">TITLE 10.</num> <heading>OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC HEALTH, SAFETY, AND MORALS</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46"> <num value="46">CHAPTER 46.</num> <heading>WEAPONS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01"> <num value="46.01">Sec. 46.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Club" means an instrument that is specially designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury or death by striking a person with the instrument, and includes but is not limited to the following:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>blackjack;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>nightstick;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>mace;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>tomahawk.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Explosive weapon" means any explosive or incendiary bomb, grenade, rocket, or mine, that is designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of inflicting serious bodily injury, death, or substantial property damage, or for the principal purpose of causing such a loud report as to cause undue public alarm or terror, and includes a device designed, made, or adapted for delivery or shooting an explosive weapon.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>"Firearm" means any device designed, made, or adapted to expel a projectile through a barrel by using the energy generated by an explosion or burning substance or any device readily convertible to that use. Firearm does not include a firearm that may have, as an integral part, a folding knife blade or other characteristics of weapons made illegal by this chapter and that is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an antique or curio firearm manufactured before 1899; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a replica of an antique or curio firearm manufactured before 1899, but only if the replica does not use rim fire or center fire ammunition.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 642 (H.B. 957), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2021.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Handgun" means any firearm that is designed, made, or adapted to be fired with one hand.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Location-restricted knife" means a knife with a blade over five and one-half inches.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Knife" means any bladed hand instrument that is capable of inflicting serious bodily injury or death by cutting or stabbing a person with the instrument.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 216 (H.B. 446), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2019.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>"Machine gun" means any firearm that is capable of shooting more than two shots automatically, without manual reloading, by a single function of the trigger.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 845 (S.B. 1596), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 15.002, eff. September 1, 2017.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <content>"Armor-piercing ammunition" means handgun ammunition that is designed primarily for the purpose of penetrating metal or body armor and to be used principally in pistols and revolvers.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/13"> <num value="13">(13)</num> <chapeau>"Hoax bomb" means a device that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>reasonably appears to be an explosive or incendiary device; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>by its design causes alarm or reaction of any type by an official of a public safety agency or a volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/14"> <num value="14">(14)</num> <content>"Chemical dispensing device" means a device, other than a small chemical dispenser sold commercially for personal protection, that is designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of dispensing a substance capable of causing an adverse psychological or physiological effect on a human being.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/15"> <num value="15">(15)</num> <content>"Racetrack" has the meaning assigned that term by Section 2021.003(41), Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/16"> <num value="16">(16)</num> <content>"Zip gun" means a device or combination of devices that was not originally a firearm and is adapted to expel a projectile through a smooth-bore or rifled-bore barrel by using the energy generated by an explosion or burning substance.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/17"> <num value="17">(17)</num> <chapeau>"Tire deflation device" means a device, including a caltrop or spike strip, that, when driven over, impedes or stops the movement of a wheeled vehicle by puncturing one or more of the vehicle's tires. The term does not include a traffic control device that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is designed to puncture one or more of a vehicle's tires when driven over in a specific direction; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>has a clearly visible sign posted in close proximity to the traffic control device that prohibits entry or warns motor vehicle operators of the traffic control device.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/18"> <num value="18">(18)</num> <content>"Volunteer emergency services personnel" includes a volunteer firefighter, an emergency medical services volunteer as defined by Section 773.003, Health and Safety Code, and any individual who, as a volunteer, provides services for the benefit of the general public during emergency situations. The term does not include a peace officer or reserve law enforcement officer, as those terms are defined by Section 1701.001, Occupations Code, who is performing law enforcement duties.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/19"> <num value="19">(19)</num> <chapeau>"Improvised explosive device" means a completed and operational bomb designed to cause serious bodily injury, death, or substantial property damage that is fabricated in an improvised manner using nonmilitary components. The term does not include:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>unassembled components that can be legally purchased and possessed without a license, permit, or other governmental approval; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an exploding target that is used for firearms practice, sold in kit form, and contains the components of a binary explosive.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/20"> <num value="20">(20)</num> <chapeau>"First responder" means a public safety employee whose duties include responding rapidly to an emergency. The term includes fire protection personnel as defined by Section 419.021, Government Code, and emergency medical services personnel as defined by Section 773.003, Health and Safety Code. The term does not include:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>volunteer emergency services personnel;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an emergency medical services volunteer, as defined by Section 773.003, Health and Safety Code; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a peace officer or reserve law enforcement officer, as those terms are defined by Section 1701.001, Occupations Code, who is performing law enforcement duties.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 917, ch. 342, Sec. 13, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2650, ch. 457, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4830, ch. 852, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, Sec. 5.01(a)(46), eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 749, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 229, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1445, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 921 (H.B. 3167), Sec. 12A.001, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1199 (H.B. 4456), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 920 (S.B. 1416), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 15.002, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 814 (H.B. 913), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 963 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 2.07, eff. April 1, 2019. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (H.B. 1935), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1143 (H.B. 435), Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 216 (H.B. 446), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 467 (H.B. 4170), Sec. 21.001(40), eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 642 (H.B. 957), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1026 (H.B. 1069), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 845 (S.B. 1596), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02"> <num value="46.02">Sec. 46.02.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL CARRYING WEAPONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries on or about his or her person a handgun;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>at the time of the offense:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is younger than 21 years of age; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>has been convicted of an offense under Section 22.01(a)(1), 22.05, 22.07, or 42.01(a)(7) or (8) committed in the five-year period preceding the date the instant offense was committed; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>is not:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>on the person's own premises or premises under the person's control; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>inside of or directly en route to a motor vehicle or watercraft that is owned by the person or under the person's control.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries on or about his or her person a handgun in a motor vehicle or watercraft that is owned by the person or under the person's control at any time in which:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the handgun is in plain view, unless the person is 21 years of age or older or is licensed to carry a handgun under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, and the handgun is carried in a holster; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the person is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>engaged in criminal activity, other than a Class C misdemeanor that is a violation of a law or ordinance regulating traffic or boating; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>prohibited by law from possessing a firearm.</content> <continuation>(a-2) For purposes of this section, "premises" includes real property and a recreational vehicle that is being used as living quarters, regardless of whether that use is temporary or permanent. In this subsection, "recreational vehicle" means a motor vehicle primarily designed as temporary living quarters or a vehicle that contains temporary living quarters and is designed to be towed by a motor vehicle. The term includes a travel trailer, camping trailer, truck camper, motor home, and horse trailer with living quarters.</continuation> <continuation>(a-3) For purposes of this section, "watercraft" means any boat, motorboat, vessel, or personal watercraft, other than a seaplane on water, used or capable of being used for transportation on water.</continuation> <continuation>(a-4) A person commits an offense if the person:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries on or about his or her person a location-restricted knife;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is younger than 18 years of age at the time of the offense; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>is not:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>on the person's own premises or premises under the person's control;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>inside of or directly en route to a motor vehicle or watercraft that is owned by the person or under the person's control; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>under the direct supervision of a parent or legal guardian of the person.</content> <continuation>(a-5) A person commits an offense if the person carries a handgun and intentionally displays the handgun in plain view of another person in a public place. It is an exception to the application of this subsection that the handgun was partially or wholly visible but was carried in a holster.</continuation> <continuation>(a-6) A person commits an offense if the person:</continuation> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>carries a handgun while the person is intoxicated; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>is not:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>on the person's own property or property under the person's control or on private property with the consent of the owner of the property; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>inside of or directly en route to a motor vehicle or watercraft:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>that is owned by the person or under the person's control; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>with the consent of the owner or operator of the vehicle or watercraft.</content> <continuation>(a-7) A person commits an offense if the person:</continuation> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries on or about his or her person a handgun;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>is not:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>on the person's own premises or premises under the person's control; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>inside of or directly en route to a motor vehicle or watercraft that is owned by the person or under the person's control; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>at the time of the offense, was prohibited from possessing a firearm under Section 46.04(a), (b), or (c).</content> <continuation>(a-8) If conduct constituting an offense under Subsection (a-7) constitutes an offense under another provision of law, the actor may be prosecuted under Subsection (a-7) or under both provisions.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (d) or (e), an offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 26(8), eff. September 1, 2021.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a-4) is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Subsection (a-7) is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree with a minimum term of imprisonment of five years, if the actor was prohibited from possessing a firearm under Section 46.04(a); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the third degree, if the actor was prohibited from possessing a firearm under Section 46.04(b) or (c).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 109, ch. 49, Sec. 1, eff. April 15, 1975; Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 918, ch. 342, Sec. 14, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 1330, ch. 494, Sec. 2, eff. June 19, 1975; Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 1879, ch. 746, Sec. 26, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2273, ch. 552, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 31, 1981; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 5113, ch. 931, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 262, Sec. 21, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 873, Sec. 25, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 168, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991. Redesignated from Penal Code Sec. 46.02, 46.03 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 229, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 16, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 754, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 790, Sec. 16, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 998, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 10.02, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1221, Sec. 1, eff. June 20, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1261, Sec. 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 693 (H.B. 1815), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 679 (H.B. 25), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 437 (H.B. 910), Sec. 45, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (H.B. 1935), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 216 (H.B. 446), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 481 (H.B. 2112), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 518 (S.B. 550), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 22, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 26(8), eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03"> <num value="46.03">Sec. 46.03.</num> <heading>PLACES WEAPONS PROHIBITED</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly possesses or goes with a firearm, location-restricted knife, club, or prohibited weapon listed in Section 46.05(a):</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>on the premises of a school or postsecondary educational institution, on any grounds or building owned by and under the control of a school or postsecondary educational institution and on which an activity sponsored by the school or institution is being conducted, or in a passenger transportation vehicle of a school or postsecondary educational institution, whether the school or postsecondary educational institution is public or private, unless:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>pursuant to written regulations or written authorization of the school or institution; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the person possesses or goes with a concealed handgun that the person is licensed to carry under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, and no other weapon to which this section applies, on the premises of a postsecondary educational institution, on any grounds or building owned by and under the control of the institution and on which an activity sponsored by the institution is being conducted, or in a passenger transportation vehicle of the institution;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>on the premises of a polling place on the day of an election or while early voting is in progress;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>on the premises of any government court or offices utilized by the court, unless pursuant to written regulations or written authorization of the court;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>on the premises of a racetrack;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>in or into a secured area of an airport;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>within 1,000 feet of premises the location of which is designated by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice as a place of execution under Article 43.19, Code of Criminal Procedure, on a day that a sentence of death is set to be imposed on the designated premises and the person received notice that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>going within 1,000 feet of the premises with a weapon listed under this subsection was prohibited; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>possessing a weapon listed under this subsection within 1,000 feet of the premises was prohibited;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>on the premises of a business that has a permit or license issued under Chapter 25, 28, 32, 69, or 74, Alcoholic Beverage Code, if the business derives 51 percent or more of its income from the sale or service of alcoholic beverages for on-premises consumption, as determined by the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission under Section 104.06, Alcoholic Beverage Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>on the premises where a high school, collegiate, or professional sporting event or interscholastic event is taking place, unless the person is a participant in the event and a firearm, location-restricted knife, club, or prohibited weapon listed in Section 46.05(a) is used in the event;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>on the premises of a correctional facility;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <content>on the premises of a civil commitment facility;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <content>on the premises of a hospital licensed under Chapter 241, Health and Safety Code, or on the premises of a nursing facility licensed under Chapter 242, Health and Safety Code, unless the person has written authorization of the hospital or nursing facility administration, as appropriate;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <content>on the premises of a mental hospital, as defined by Section 571.003, Health and Safety Code, unless the person has written authorization of the mental hospital administration;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/13"> <num value="13">(13)</num> <content>in an amusement park; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/14"> <num value="14">(14)</num> <content>in the room or rooms where a meeting of a governmental entity is held, if the meeting is an open meeting subject to Chapter 551, Government Code, and if the entity provided notice as required by that chapter.</content> <continuation>(a-1) Repealed by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 26(9), eff. September 1, 2021.</continuation> <continuation>(a-2) Notwithstanding Section 46.02(a-5), a license holder commits an offense if the license holder carries a partially or wholly visible handgun, regardless of whether the handgun is holstered, on or about the license holder's person under the authority of Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, and intentionally or knowingly displays the handgun in plain view of another person:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>on the premises of an institution of higher education or private or independent institution of higher education; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>on any public or private driveway, street, sidewalk or walkway, parking lot, parking garage, or other parking area of an institution of higher education or private or independent institution of higher education.</content> <continuation>(a-3) Notwithstanding Subsection (a) or Section 46.02(a-5), a license holder commits an offense if the license holder carries a handgun on the campus of a private or independent institution of higher education in this state that has established rules, regulations, or other provisions prohibiting license holders from carrying handguns pursuant to Section 411.2031(e), Government Code, or on the grounds or building on which an activity sponsored by such an institution is being conducted, or in a passenger transportation vehicle of such an institution, regardless of whether the handgun is concealed, provided the institution gives effective notice under Section 30.06.</continuation> <continuation>(a-4) Notwithstanding Subsection (a) or Section 46.02(a-5), a license holder commits an offense if the license holder intentionally carries a concealed handgun on a portion of a premises located on the campus of an institution of higher education in this state on which the carrying of a concealed handgun is prohibited by rules, regulations, or other provisions established under Section 411.2031(d-1), Government Code, provided the institution gives effective notice under Section 30.06 with respect to that portion.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsections (a)(1)-(4) that the actor possessed a firearm while in the actual discharge of his official duties as a member of the armed forces or national guard or a guard employed by a penal institution, or an officer of the court.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Amusement park" means a permanent indoor or outdoor facility or park where amusement rides are available for use by the public that is located in a county with a population of more than one million, encompasses at least 75 acres in surface area, is enclosed with access only through controlled entries, is open for operation more than 120 days in each calendar year, and has security guards on the premises at all times. The term does not include any public or private driveway, street, sidewalk or walkway, parking lot, parking garage, or other parking area.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Institution of higher education" and "private or independent institution of higher education" have the meanings assigned by Section 61.003, Education Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"License holder" means a person licensed to carry a handgun under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code.</content> <continuation>(3-a) "Postsecondary educational institution" means an institution of higher education or a private or independent institution of higher education.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Premises" means a building or a portion of a building. The term does not include any public or private driveway, street, sidewalk or walkway, parking lot, parking garage, or other parking area.</content> <continuation>(4-a) "School" means an accredited primary or secondary school.</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Secured area" means an area of an airport terminal building to which access is controlled by the inspection of persons and property under federal law, or an aircraft parking area that is used by common carriers in air transportation but not by general aviation and to which access is controlled under federal law. The term does not include a baggage claim area, a motor vehicle parking area used by passengers, employees, or persons awaiting an arrival, or an area used by the public to pick up or drop off passengers or employees.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(5) that the actor possessed a firearm or club while traveling to or from the actor's place of assignment or in the actual discharge of duties as:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a member of the armed forces or national guard;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a guard employed by a penal institution; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>a security officer commissioned by the Texas Private Security Board if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the actor is wearing a distinctive uniform; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the firearm or club is in plain view; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>a security officer who holds a personal protection authorization under Chapter 1702, Occupations Code, provided that the officer is either:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>wearing the uniform of a security officer, including any uniform or apparel described by Section 1702.323(d), Occupations Code, and carrying the officer's firearm in plain view; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>not wearing the uniform of a security officer and carrying the officer's firearm in a concealed manner.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(5) that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>checked all firearms as baggage in accordance with federal or state law or regulations before entering a secured area; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was authorized by a federal agency or the airport operator to possess a firearm in a secured area.</content> <continuation>(e-1) It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(5) that the actor:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>possessed, at the screening checkpoint for the secured area, a handgun that the actor was licensed to carry under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>exited the screening checkpoint for the secured area immediately upon completion of the required screening processes and notification that the actor possessed the handgun.</content> <continuation>(e-2) A peace officer investigating conduct that may constitute an offense under Subsection (a)(5) and that consists only of an actor's possession of a handgun that the actor is licensed to carry under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, may not arrest the actor for the offense unless:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the officer advises the actor of the defense available under Subsection (e-1) and gives the actor an opportunity to exit the screening checkpoint for the secured area; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the actor does not immediately exit the checkpoint upon completion of the required screening processes.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (e-1), it is not a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor possessed a handgun and was licensed to carry a handgun under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsections (g-1) and (g-2), an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> <continuation>(g-1) If the weapon that is the subject of the offense is a location-restricted knife, an offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor, except that the offense is a felony of the third degree if the offense is committed under Subsection (a)(1).</continuation> <continuation>(g-2) An offense committed under Subsection (a)(8), (a)(10), (a)(11), (a)(13), (a-2), (a-3), or (a-4) is a Class A misdemeanor.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(4) that the actor possessed a firearm or club while traveling to or from the actor's place of assignment or in the actual discharge of duties as a security officer commissioned by the Texas Board of Private Investigators and Private Security Agencies, if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor is wearing a distinctive uniform; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the firearm or club is in plain view.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a)(6) that the actor possessed a firearm or club:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>while in a vehicle being driven on a public road; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>at the actor's residence or place of employment.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2962, ch. 508, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1983; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 749, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 203, Sec. 2.79; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 386, Sec. 71, eff. Aug. 26, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 433, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 554, Sec. 50, eff. Sept. 1, 1991. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 46.04 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 229, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 260, Sec. 42, eff. May 30, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 790, Sec. 17, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 10.03, 31.01(70), eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1043, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1221, Sec. 2, 3, eff. June 20, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1261, Sec. 25, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1060, Sec. 1, 2 eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1178, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1146 (H.B. 2730), Sec. 4B.21, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 437 (H.B. 910), Sec. 46, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 438 (S.B. 11), Sec. 3, eff. August 1, 2016. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1001 (H.B. 554), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 15.003, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (H.B. 1935), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (H.B. 1935), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 325 (H.B. 1920), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 325 (H.B. 1920), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 23, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 26(9), eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 182 (H.B. 1760), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 182 (H.B. 1760), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.035"> <num value="46.035">Sec. 46.035.</num> <heading></heading> <chapeau>Without reference to the amendment of this section, this section was repealed by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 26(10), eff. September 1, 2021.</chapeau> <continuation>Sec. 46.035. UNLAWFUL CARRYING OF HANDGUN BY LICENSE HOLDER. (a) A license holder commits an offense if the license holder carries a handgun on or about the license holder's person under the authority of Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, and intentionally displays the handgun in plain view of another person in a public place. It is an exception to the application of this subsection that the handgun was partially or wholly visible but was:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.035/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>carried in a holster by the license holder; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.035/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>in a holster, and the handgun and the license holder were in a motor vehicle.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 229, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 10.04, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1261, Sec. 26, 27, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.833, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 976 (H.B. 1813), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1214 (H.B. 1889), Sec. 2, eff. June 15, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1222 (H.B. 2300), Sec. 5, eff. June 15, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 687 (H.B. 2664), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 72 (S.B. 299), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 437 (H.B. 910), Sec. 47, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 437 (H.B. 910), Sec. 48, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 438 (S.B. 11), Sec. 4, eff. August 1, 2016. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 438 (S.B. 11), Sec. 5, eff. August 1, 2016. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 593 (S.B. 273), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 34 (S.B. 1576), Sec. 32, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 15.004, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 15.005, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1143 (H.B. 435), Sec. 11, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1143 (H.B. 435), Sec. 12, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 520 (S.B. 535), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 520 (S.B. 535), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 481 (H.B. 2112), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 518 (S.B. 550), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 26(10), eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1027 (H.B. 1407), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Repealed by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 768 (H.B. 4595), Sec. 17.004, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04"> <num value="46.04">Sec. 46.04.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL POSSESSION OF FIREARM</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person who has been convicted of a felony commits an offense if he possesses a firearm:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>after conviction and before the fifth anniversary of the person's release from confinement following conviction of the felony or the person's release from supervision under community supervision, parole, or mandatory supervision, whichever date is later; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>after the period described by Subdivision (1), at any location other than the premises at which the person lives.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person who is a member of a criminal street gang, as defined by Section 71.01, commits an offense if the person intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly carries on or about his or her person a handgun in a motor vehicle or watercraft.</continuation> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person who has been convicted of an offense under Section 22.01, punishable as a Class A misdemeanor and involving a member of the person's family or household, commits an offense if the person possesses a firearm before the fifth anniversary of the later of:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the date of the person's release from confinement following conviction of the misdemeanor; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the date of the person's release from community supervision following conviction of the misdemeanor.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person, other than a peace officer, as defined by Section 1.07, actively engaged in employment as a sworn, full-time paid employee of a state agency or political subdivision, who is subject to an order issued under Section 6.504 or Chapter 85, Family Code, under Article 17.292 or Subchapter A, Chapter 7B, Code of Criminal Procedure, or by another jurisdiction as provided by Chapter 88, Family Code, commits an offense if the person possesses a firearm after receiving notice of the order and before expiration of the order.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>In this section, "family," "household," and "member of a household" have the meanings assigned by Chapter 71, Family Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under Subsection (a) is a felony of the third degree. An offense under Subsection (a-1), (b), or (c) is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>For the purposes of this section, an offense under the laws of this state, another state, or the United States is, except as provided by Subsection (g), a felony if, at the time it is committed, the offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is designated by a law of this state as a felony;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>contains all the elements of an offense designated by a law of this state as a felony; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is punishable by confinement for one year or more in a penitentiary.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>An offense is not considered a felony for purposes of Subsection (f) if, at the time the person possesses a firearm, the offense:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is not designated by a law of this state as a felony; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>does not contain all the elements of any offense designated by a law of this state as a felony.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 46.05 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 23, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 836, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1146 (H.B. 2730), Sec. 11.24, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 469 (H.B. 4173), Sec. 2.60, eff. January 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 24, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.041"> <num value="46.041">Sec. 46.041.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL POSSESSION OF METAL OR BODY ARMOR BY FELON</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.041/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "metal or body armor" means any body covering manifestly designed, made, or adapted for the purpose of protecting a person against gunfire.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.041/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person who has been convicted of a felony commits an offense if after the conviction the person possesses metal or body armor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.041/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 452, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05"> <num value="46.05">Sec. 46.05.</num> <heading>PROHIBITED WEAPONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly possesses, manufactures, transports, repairs, or sells:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>any of the following items, unless the item is registered in the National Firearms Registration and Transfer Record maintained by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives or otherwise not subject to that registration requirement or unless the item is classified as a curio or relic by the United States Department of Justice:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an explosive weapon; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a machine gun;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>armor-piercing ammunition;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a chemical dispensing device;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>a zip gun;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>a tire deflation device; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>an improvised explosive device.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor's conduct was incidental to the performance of official duty by the armed forces or national guard, a governmental law enforcement agency, or a correctional facility.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 69 , Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the actor's conduct:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was incidental to dealing with a tire deflation device solely as an antique or curio;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was incidental to dealing with armor-piercing ammunition solely for the purpose of making the ammunition available to an organization, agency, or institution listed in Subsection (b); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was incidental to dealing with a tire deflation device solely for the purpose of making the device available to an organization, agency, or institution listed in Subsection (b).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Except as otherwise provided by this subsection, an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree. An offense under Subsection (a)(5) is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section for the possession of a chemical dispensing device that the actor is a security officer and has received training on the use of the chemical dispensing device by a training program that is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>provided by the Texas Commission on Law Enforcement; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>approved for the purposes described by this subsection by the Texas Private Security Board of the Department of Public Safety.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.05/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>In Subsection (f), "security officer" means a commissioned security officer as defined by Section 1702.002, Occupations Code, or a noncommissioned security officer registered under Section 1702.221, Occupations Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 918, ch. 342, Sec. 15, eff. Sept. 1, 1975; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 2650, ch. 457, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4831, ch. 852, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1983; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, Sec. 5.01(a)(47), eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 229, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 46.06 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1071, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1035 (H.B. 1132), Sec. 2.01, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1278 (H.B. 2303), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 920 (S.B. 1416), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 93 (S.B. 686), Sec. 2.60, eff. May 18, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 960 (H.B. 1862), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 69 (S.B. 473), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 69 (S.B. 473), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 155 (H.B. 1819), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 814 (H.B. 913), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 216 (H.B. 446), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 467 (H.B. 4170), Sec. 13.001, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 642 (H.B. 957), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 845 (S.B. 1596), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06"> <num value="46.06">Sec. 46.06.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL TRANSFER OF CERTAIN WEAPONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>sells, rents, leases, loans, or gives a handgun to any person knowing that the person to whom the handgun is to be delivered intends to use it unlawfully or in the commission of an unlawful act;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>intentionally or knowingly sells, rents, leases, or gives or offers to sell, rent, lease, or give to any child younger than 18 years of age any firearm, club, or location-restricted knife;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly sells a firearm or ammunition for a firearm to any person who is intoxicated;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>knowingly sells a firearm or ammunition for a firearm to any person who has been convicted of a felony before the fifth anniversary of the later of the following dates:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the person's release from confinement following conviction of the felony; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the person's release from supervision under community supervision, parole, or mandatory supervision following conviction of the felony;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>sells, rents, leases, loans, or gives a handgun to any person knowing that an active protective order is directed to the person to whom the handgun is to be delivered;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>knowingly purchases, rents, leases, or receives as a loan or gift from another a handgun while an active protective order is directed to the actor; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>while prohibited from possessing a firearm under state or federal law, knowingly makes a material false statement on a form that is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>required by state or federal law for the purchase, sale, or other transfer of a firearm; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>submitted to a firearms dealer licensed under 18 U.S.C. Section 923.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Intoxicated" means substantial impairment of mental or physical capacity resulting from introduction of any substance into the body.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Active protective order" means a protective order issued under Title 4, Family Code, that is in effect. The term does not include a temporary protective order issued before the court holds a hearing on the matter.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2) that the transfer was to a minor whose parent or the person having legal custody of the minor had given written permission for the sale or, if the transfer was other than a sale, the parent or person having legal custody had given effective consent.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>an offense under Subsection (a)(2) is a state jail felony if the weapon that is the subject of the offense is a handgun; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an offense under Subsection (a)(7) is a state jail felony.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 686, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 46.07 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 324, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1996; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1193, Sec. 22, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1304, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(f), eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (H.B. 1935), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 173 (S.B. 162), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 768 (H.B. 4595), Sec. 17.005, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.07"> <num value="46.07">Sec. 46.07.</num> <heading>INTERSTATE PURCHASE</heading> <content>A resident of this state may, if not otherwise precluded by law, purchase firearms, ammunition, reloading components, or firearm accessories in another state. This authorization is enacted in conformance with 18 U.S.C. Section 922(b)(3)(A).</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 46.08 by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 280 (S.B. 1188), Sec. 1, eff. May 30, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.08"> <num value="46.08">Sec. 46.08.</num> <heading>HOAX BOMBS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly manufactures, sells, purchases, transports, or possesses a hoax bomb with intent to use the hoax bomb to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>make another believe that the hoax bomb is an explosive or incendiary device; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>cause alarm or reaction of any type by an official of a public safety agency or volunteer agency organized to deal with emergencies.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4831, ch. 852, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 46.09 by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.09"> <num value="46.09">Sec. 46.09.</num> <heading>COMPONENTS OF EXPLOSIVES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly possesses components of an explosive weapon with the intent to combine the components into an explosive weapon for use in a criminal endeavor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1983, 68th Leg., p. 4832, ch. 852, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1983. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 46.10 by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.10"> <num value="46.10">Sec. 46.10.</num> <heading>DEADLY WEAPON IN PENAL INSTITUTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.10/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, while confined in a penal institution, he intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.10/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>carries on or about his person a deadly weapon; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.10/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>possesses or conceals a deadly weapon in the penal institution.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.10/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that at the time of the offense the actor was engaged in conduct authorized by an employee of the penal institution.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.10/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person who is subject to prosecution under both this section and another section under this chapter may be prosecuted under either section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.10/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 46, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 714, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 46.11 by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.11"> <num value="46.11">Sec. 46.11.</num> <heading>PENALTY IF OFFENSE COMMITTED WITHIN WEAPON-FREE SCHOOL ZONE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (b), the punishment prescribed for an offense under this chapter is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next highest category of offense if it is shown beyond a reasonable doubt on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense in a place that the actor knew was:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>within 300 feet of the premises of a school; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>on premises where:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.11/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>an official school function is taking place; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.11/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an event sponsored or sanctioned by the University Interscholastic League is taking place.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>This section does not apply to an offense under Section 46.03(a)(1).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.11/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.11/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Premises" has the meaning assigned by Section 481.134, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.11/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"School" means a private or public elementary or secondary school.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 320, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1063, Sec. 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 91 (S.B. 1303), Sec. 20.002, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.12"> <num value="46.12">Sec. 46.12.</num> <heading>MAPS AS EVIDENCE OF LOCATION OR AREA</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.12/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In a prosecution of an offense for which punishment is increased under Section 46.11, a map produced or reproduced by a municipal or county engineer for the purpose of showing the location and boundaries of weapon-free zones is admissible in evidence and is prima facie evidence of the location or boundaries of those areas if the governing body of the municipality or county adopts a resolution or ordinance approving the map as an official finding and record of the location or boundaries of those areas.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.12/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A municipal or county engineer may, on request of the governing body of the municipality or county, revise a map that has been approved by the governing body of the municipality or county as provided by Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.12/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A municipal or county engineer shall file the original or a copy of every approved or revised map approved as provided by Subsection (a) with the county clerk of each county in which the area is located.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.12/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>This section does not prevent the prosecution from:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.12/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>introducing or relying on any other evidence or testimony to establish any element of an offense for which punishment is increased under Section 46.11; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.12/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>using or introducing any other map or diagram otherwise admissible under the Texas Rules of Evidence.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 320, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728 (H.B. 2018), Sec. 16.004, eff. September 1, 2005.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13"> <num value="46.13">Sec. 46.13.</num> <heading>MAKING A FIREARM ACCESSIBLE TO A CHILD</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means a person younger than 17 years of age.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Readily dischargeable firearm" means a firearm that is loaded with ammunition, whether or not a round is in the chamber.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Secure" means to take steps that a reasonable person would take to prevent the access to a readily dischargeable firearm by a child, including but not limited to placing a firearm in a locked container or temporarily rendering the firearm inoperable by a trigger lock or other means.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if a child gains access to a readily dischargeable firearm and the person with criminal negligence:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>failed to secure the firearm; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>left the firearm in a place to which the person knew or should have known the child would gain access.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that the child's access to the firearm:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was supervised by a person older than 18 years of age and was for hunting, sporting, or other lawful purposes;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>consisted of lawful defense by the child of people or property;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was gained by entering property in violation of this code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>occurred during a time when the actor was engaged in an agricultural enterprise.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor if the child discharges the firearm and causes death or serious bodily injury to himself or another person.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>A peace officer or other person may not arrest the actor before the seventh day after the date on which the offense is committed if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor is a member of the family, as defined by Section 71.003, Family Code, of the child who discharged the firearm; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the child in discharging the firearm caused the death of or serious injury to the child.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.13/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>A dealer of firearms shall post in a conspicuous position on the premises where the dealer conducts business a sign that contains the following warning in block letters not less than one inch in height:</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>"IT IS UNLAWFUL TO STORE, TRANSPORT, OR ABANDON AN UNSECURED FIREARM IN A PLACE WHERE CHILDREN ARE LIKELY TO BE AND CAN OBTAIN ACCESS TO THE FIREARM." Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 83, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 15.02(g), eff. Sept. 1, 1999.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.14"> <num value="46.14">Sec. 46.14.</num> <heading>FIREARM SMUGGLING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.14/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly engages in the business of transporting or transferring a firearm that the person knows was acquired in violation of the laws of any state or of the United States. For purposes of this subsection, a person is considered to engage in the business of transporting or transferring a firearm if the person engages in that conduct:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.14/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>on more than one occasion; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.14/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>for profit or any other form of remuneration.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.14/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the third degree, unless it is shown on the trial of the offense that the offense was committed with respect to three or more firearms in a single criminal episode, in which event the offense is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.14/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>This section does not apply to a peace officer who is engaged in the actual discharge of an official duty.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.14/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 153 (S.B. 2225), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15"> <num value="46.15">Sec. 46.15.</num> <heading>NONAPPLICABILITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>Sections 46.02 and 46.03 do not apply to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>peace officers or special investigators under Article 2A.002, Code of Criminal Procedure, and neither section prohibits a peace officer or special investigator from carrying a weapon in this state, including in an establishment in this state serving the public, regardless of whether the peace officer or special investigator is engaged in the actual discharge of the officer's or investigator's duties while carrying the weapon;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>parole officers, and neither section prohibits an officer from carrying a weapon in this state if the officer is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>engaged in the actual discharge of the officer's duties while carrying the weapon; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>in compliance with policies and procedures adopted by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice regarding the possession of a weapon by an officer while on duty;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>community supervision and corrections department officers appointed or employed under Section 76.004, Government Code, and neither section prohibits an officer from carrying a weapon in this state if the officer is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>engaged in the actual discharge of the officer's duties while carrying the weapon; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>authorized to carry a weapon under Section 76.0051, Government Code;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>an active or retired judicial officer as defined by Section 411.201, Government Code, who is licensed to carry a handgun under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>an honorably retired peace officer or other qualified retired law enforcement officer, as defined by 18 U.S.C. Section 926C, who holds a certificate of proficiency issued under Section 1701.357, Occupations Code, and is carrying a photo identification that is issued by a federal, state, or local law enforcement agency, as applicable, and that verifies that the officer is an honorably retired peace officer or other qualified retired law enforcement officer;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>the attorney general or a United States attorney, district attorney, criminal district attorney, county attorney, or municipal attorney who is licensed to carry a handgun under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>an assistant United States attorney, assistant attorney general, assistant district attorney, assistant criminal district attorney, or assistant county attorney who is licensed to carry a handgun under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <chapeau>a bailiff designated by an active judicial officer as defined by Section 411.201, Government Code, who is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>licensed to carry a handgun under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>engaged in escorting the judicial officer;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>a juvenile probation officer who is authorized to carry a firearm under Section 142.006, Human Resources Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/10"> <num value="10">(10)</num> <chapeau>a person who is volunteer emergency services personnel if the person is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>carrying a handgun under the authority of Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>engaged in providing emergency services;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/11"> <num value="11">(11)</num> <chapeau>a person who:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>retired after serving as a judge or justice described by Section 411.201(a)(1), Government Code; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is licensed to carry a handgun under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/12"> <num value="12">(12)</num> <content>a district or county clerk who is carrying a handgun the clerk is licensed to carry under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>Sections 46.02, 46.03(a)(14), and 46.04(a-1) do not apply to a person who:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is in the actual discharge of official duties as a member of the armed forces or state military forces as defined by Section 437.001, Government Code, or as a guard employed by a penal institution;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is traveling;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>is engaging in lawful hunting, fishing, or other sporting activity on the immediate premises where the activity is conducted, or is en route between the premises and the actor's residence, motor vehicle, or watercraft, if the weapon is a type commonly used in the activity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>holds a security officer commission issued by the Texas Private Security Board, if the person is engaged in the performance of the person's duties as an officer commissioned under Chapter 1702, Occupations Code, or is traveling to or from the person's place of assignment and is wearing the officer's uniform and carrying the officer's weapon in plain view;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>acts as a personal protection officer and carries the person's security officer commission and personal protection officer authorization, if the person:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is engaged in the performance of the person's duties as a personal protection officer under Chapter 1702, Occupations Code, or is traveling to or from the person's place of assignment; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>is either:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>wearing the uniform of a security officer, including any uniform or apparel described by Section 1702.323(d), Occupations Code, and carrying the officer's weapon in plain view; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>not wearing the uniform of a security officer and carrying the officer's weapon in a concealed manner;</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <chapeau>is carrying:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a license issued under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code, to carry a handgun; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a handgun:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>in a concealed manner; or</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>in a holster;</content> </clause> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>holds an alcoholic beverage permit or license or is an employee of a holder of an alcoholic beverage permit or license if the person is supervising the operation of the permitted or licensed premises; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <chapeau>is a student in a law enforcement class engaging in an activity required as part of the class, if the weapon is a type commonly used in the activity and the person is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>on the immediate premises where the activity is conducted; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>en route between those premises and the person's residence and is carrying the weapon unloaded.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 216 (H.B. 446), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2019.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>The provisions of Section 46.02 prohibiting the carrying of a firearm do not apply to a public security officer employed by the adjutant general under Section 437.053, Government Code, in performance of official duties or while traveling to or from a place of duty.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>Section 46.02(a-4) does not apply to an individual carrying a location-restricted knife used in a historical demonstration or in a ceremony in which the knife is significant to the performance of the ceremony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>Section 46.03(a)(6) does not apply to a person who possesses a firearm or club while in the actual discharge of official duties as:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a member of the armed forces or state military forces, as defined by Section 437.001, Government Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>an employee of a penal institution.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>The provisions of Section 46.03 prohibiting the possession or carrying of a club do not apply to an animal control officer who holds a certificate issued under Section 829.006, Health and Safety Code, and who possesses or carries an instrument used specifically for deterring the bite of an animal while the officer is in the performance of official duties under the Health and Safety Code or is traveling to or from a place of duty.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <chapeau>The provisions of Section 46.03 prohibiting the possession or carrying of a club do not apply to a code enforcement officer who:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>holds a certificate of registration issued under Chapter 1952, Occupations Code; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>possesses or carries an instrument used specifically for deterring an animal bite while the officer is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>performing official duties; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>traveling to or from a place of duty.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <content>Repealed by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 693, Sec. 3(2), eff. September 1, 2007.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <content>The provisions of Sections 46.02 and 46.03(a)(7), (a-2), (a-3), and (a-4) do not apply to an individual who carries a handgun as a participant in a historical reenactment performed in accordance with the rules of the Texas Alcoholic Beverage Commission.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/k"> <num value="k">(k)</num> <chapeau>Section 46.02 does not apply to a person who carries a handgun if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the person carries the handgun while:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>evacuating from an area following the declaration of a state of disaster under Section 418.014, Government Code, or a local state of disaster under Section 418.108, Government Code, with respect to that area; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>reentering that area following the person's evacuation;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>not more than 168 hours have elapsed since the state of disaster or local state of disaster was declared, or more than 168 hours have elapsed since the time the declaration was made and the governor has extended the period during which a person may carry a handgun under this subsection; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the person is not prohibited by state or federal law from possessing a firearm.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/l"> <num value="l">(l)</num> <chapeau>Sections 46.02 and 46.03(a)(1), (a)(2), (a)(3), and (a)(4) do not apply to a person who carries a handgun if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person carries the handgun on the premises, as defined by the statute providing the applicable offense, of a location operating as an emergency shelter during a state of disaster declared under Section 418.014, Government Code, or a local state of disaster declared under Section 418.108, Government Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the owner, controller, or operator of the premises or a person acting with the apparent authority of the owner, controller, or operator, authorized the carrying of the handgun;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the person carrying the handgun complies with any rules and regulations of the owner, controller, or operator of the premises that govern the carrying of a handgun on the premises; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the person is not prohibited by state or federal law from possessing a firearm.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/m"> <num value="m">(m)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under Section 46.03 that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>carries a handgun on a premises or other property on which the carrying of a weapon is prohibited under that section;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>personally received from the owner of the property, or from another person with apparent authority to act for the owner, notice that carrying a firearm or other weapon on the premises or other property, as applicable, was prohibited; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>promptly departed from the premises or other property.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/n"> <num value="n">(n)</num> <chapeau>The defense provided by Subsection (m) does not apply if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a sign described by Subsection (o) was posted prominently at each entrance to the premises or other property, as applicable; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>at the time of the offense, the actor knew that carrying a firearm or other weapon on the premises or other property was prohibited.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/o"> <num value="o">(o)</num> <chapeau>A person may provide notice that firearms and other weapons are prohibited under Section 46.03 on the premises or other property, as applicable, by posting a sign at each entrance to the premises or other property that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>includes language that is identical to or substantially similar to the following: "Pursuant to Section 46.03, Penal Code (places weapons prohibited), a person may not carry a firearm or other weapon on this property";</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>includes the language described by Subdivision (1) in both English and Spanish;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>appears in contrasting colors with block letters at least one inch in height; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>is displayed in a conspicuous manner clearly visible to the public.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/p"> <num value="p">(p)</num> <chapeau>Sections 46.03(a)(7), (11), and (13) do not apply if the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>carries a handgun on the premises or other property, as applicable;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>holds a license to carry a handgun issued under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was not given effective notice under Section 30.06 or 30.07 of this code or Section 411.204, Government Code, as applicable.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/q"> <num value="q">(q)</num> <chapeau>Section 46.03(a)(8) does not apply if the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>carries a handgun on a premises where a collegiate sporting event is taking place;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>holds a license to carry a handgun issued under Subchapter H, Chapter 411, Government Code; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was not given effective notice under Section 30.06 or 30.07 of this code, as applicable.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/r"> <num value="r">(r)</num> <chapeau>Sections 46.02 and 46.03 do not apply to a first responder who:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was carrying a handgun in a concealed manner or in a shoulder or belt holster;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>holds an unexpired certificate of completion under Section 411.1883, Government Code, at the time of engaging in the applicable conduct;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was engaged in the actual discharge of the first responder's duties while carrying the handgun; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>was employed or supervised by a municipality or county to which Chapter 179, Local Government Code, applies.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/s"> <num value="s">(s)</num> <chapeau>In this subsection, "tactical medical professional" has the meaning assigned by Section 411.1884, Government Code. Sections 46.02 and 46.03 do not apply to a tactical medical professional who:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was carrying a handgun in a concealed manner or in a shoulder or belt holster;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>holds an unexpired certificate of completion under Section 411.1884, Government Code, at the time of engaging in the applicable conduct; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c46/s46.15/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was engaged in the actual discharge of the tactical medical professional's duties while carrying the handgun.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 18, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1221, Sec. 4, eff. June 20, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1261, Sec. 28, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 62, Sec. 9.25, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1445, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1060, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 325, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 421, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 795, Sec. 1, eff. June 20, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 288 (H.B. 823), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 728 (H.B. 2018), Sec. 23.001(78), eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 976 (H.B. 1813), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1093 (H.B. 2110), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1093 (H.B. 2110), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1179 (S.B. 578), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1179 (S.B. 578), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 647 (H.B. 964), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 693 (H.B. 1815), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 693 (H.B. 1815), Sec. 3(1), eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 693 (H.B. 1815), Sec. 3(2), eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 921 (H.B. 3167), Sec. 17.001(62), eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1048 (H.B. 2101), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1214 (H.B. 1889), Sec. 1, eff. June 15, 2007. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1222 (H.B. 2300), Sec. 6, eff. June 15, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 87 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 19.004, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 299 (H.B. 405), Sec. 1, eff. June 19, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 794 (S.B. 1237), Sec. 4, eff. June 19, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1146 (H.B. 2730), Sec. 4B.22, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 679 (H.B. 25), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., 1st C.S., Ch. 3 (H.B. 79), Sec. 13.02, eff. September 28, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1080 (H.B. 3370), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1217 (S.B. 1536), Sec. 3.20, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1302 (H.B. 3142), Sec. 13, eff. June 14, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 437 (H.B. 910), Sec. 49, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1049 (H.B. 1935), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1143 (H.B. 435), Sec. 13, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 216 (H.B. 446), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 216 (H.B. 446), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1126 (H.B. 2584), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1234 (H.B. 1552), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1281 (H.B. 1177), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 481 (H.B. 2112), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 518 (S.B. 550), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 809 (H.B. 1927), Sec. 25, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 915 (H.B. 3607), Sec. 16.005, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1026 (H.B. 1069), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 501 (H.B. 2291), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 765 (H.B. 4504), Sec. 2.157, eff. January 1, 2025. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 768 (H.B. 4595), Sec. 24.001(34), eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 768 (H.B. 4595), Sec. 24.002(20), eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1077 (S.B. 599), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 204 (H.B. 1620), Sec. 17.004, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1116 (H.B. 4995), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47"> <num value="47">CHAPTER 47.</num> <heading>GAMBLING</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01"> <num value="47.01">Sec. 47.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Bet" means an agreement to win or lose something of value solely or partially by chance. A bet does not include:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>contracts of indemnity or guaranty, or life, health, property, or accident insurance;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an offer of a prize, award, or compensation to the actual contestants in a bona fide contest for the determination of skill, speed, strength, or endurance or to the owners of animals, vehicles, watercraft, or aircraft entered in a contest; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>an offer of merchandise, with a value not greater than $25, made by the proprietor of a bona fide carnival contest conducted at a carnival sponsored by a nonprofit religious, fraternal, school, law enforcement, youth, agricultural, or civic group, including any nonprofit agricultural or civic group incorporated by the state before 1955, if the person to receive the merchandise from the proprietor is the person who performs the carnival contest.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Bookmaking" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>to receive and record or to forward more than five bets or offers to bet in a period of 24 hours;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>to receive and record or to forward bets or offers to bet totaling more than $1,000 in a period of 24 hours; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a scheme by three or more persons to receive, record, or forward a bet or an offer to bet.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Gambling place" means any real estate, building, room, tent, vehicle, boat, or other property whatsoever, one of the uses of which is the making or settling of bets, bookmaking, or the conducting of a lottery or the playing of gambling devices.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>"Gambling device" means any electronic, electromechanical, or mechanical contrivance not excluded under Paragraph (B) that for a consideration affords the player an opportunity to obtain anything of value, the award of which is determined solely or partially by chance, even though accompanied by some skill, whether or not the prize is automatically paid by the contrivance. The term:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>includes, but is not limited to, gambling device versions of bingo, keno, blackjack, lottery, roulette, video poker, or similar electronic, electromechanical, or mechanical games, or facsimiles thereof, that operate by chance or partially so, that as a result of the play or operation of the game award credits or free games, and that record the number of free games or credits so awarded and the cancellation or removal of the free games or credits; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>does not include any electronic, electromechanical, or mechanical contrivance designed, made, and adapted solely for bona fide amusement purposes if the contrivance rewards the player exclusively with noncash merchandise prizes, toys, or novelties, or a representation of value redeemable for those items, that have a wholesale value available from a single play of the game or device of not more than 10 times the amount charged to play the game or device once or $5, whichever is less.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Altered gambling equipment" means any contrivance that has been altered in some manner, including, but not limited to, shaved dice, loaded dice, magnetic dice, mirror rings, electronic sensors, shaved cards, marked cards, and any other equipment altered or designed to enhance the actor's chances of winning.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Gambling paraphernalia" means any book, instrument, or apparatus by means of which bets have been or may be recorded or registered; any record, ticket, certificate, bill, slip, token, writing, scratch sheet, or other means of carrying on bookmaking, wagering pools, lotteries, numbers, policy, or similar games.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <content>"Lottery" means any scheme or procedure whereby one or more prizes are distributed by chance among persons who have paid or promised consideration for a chance to win anything of value, whether such scheme or procedure is called a pool, lottery, raffle, gift, gift enterprise, sale, policy game, or some other name.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/8"> <num value="8">(8)</num> <content>"Private place" means a place to which the public does not have access, and excludes, among other places, streets, highways, restaurants, taverns, nightclubs, schools, hospitals, and the common areas of apartment houses, hotels, motels, office buildings, transportation facilities, and shops.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.01/9"> <num value="9">(9)</num> <content>"Thing of value" means any benefit, but does not include an unrecorded and immediate right of replay not exchangeable for value.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 313, Sec. 1, 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 396, Sec. 1, eff. June 14, 1989; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 774, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 30, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 19, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02"> <num value="47.02">Sec. 47.02.</num> <heading>GAMBLING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>makes a bet on the partial or final result of a game or contest or on the performance of a participant in a game or contest;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>makes a bet on the result of any political nomination, appointment, or election or on the degree of success of any nominee, appointee, or candidate; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>plays and bets for money or other thing of value at any game played with cards, dice, balls, or any other gambling device.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the actor engaged in gambling in a private place;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>no person received any economic benefit other than personal winnings; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>except for the advantage of skill or luck, the risks of losing and the chances of winning were the same for all participants.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor reasonably believed that the conduct:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>was permitted under Chapter 2001, Occupations Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>was permitted under Chapter 2002, Occupations Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>was permitted under Chapter 2004, Occupations Code;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>consisted entirely of participation in the state lottery authorized by the State Lottery Act (Chapter 466, Government Code);</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>was permitted under Subtitle A-1, Title 13, Occupations Code (Texas Racing Act); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>consisted entirely of participation in a drawing for the opportunity to participate in a hunting, fishing, or other recreational event conducted by the Parks and Wildlife Department.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that a person played for something of value other than money using an electronic, electromechanical, or mechanical contrivance excluded from the definition of "gambling device" under Section 47.01(4)(B).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., 1st C.S., p. 101, ch. 11, Sec. 43, eff. Nov. 10, 1981; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 957, Sec. 2, eff. Jan. 1, 1990; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 6, Sec. 3; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 107, Sec. 4.04, eff. Aug. 30, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 774, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 30, 1993. Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 14.53, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 20, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 931, Sec. 79, eff. June 16, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1256, Sec. 124, eff. Sept. 1, 1997; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.834, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 47 (H.B. 975), Sec. 2, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 963 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 2.08, eff. April 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.03"> <num value="47.03">Sec. 47.03.</num> <heading>GAMBLING PROMOTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if he intentionally or knowingly does any of the following acts:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>operates or participates in the earnings of a gambling place;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>engages in bookmaking;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>for gain, becomes a custodian of anything of value bet or offered to be bet;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>sells chances on the partial or final result of or on the margin of victory in any game or contest or on the performance of any participant in any game or contest or on the result of any political nomination, appointment, or election or on the degree of success of any nominee, appointee, or candidate; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>for gain, sets up or promotes any lottery or sells or offers to sell or knowingly possesses for transfer, or transfers any card, stub, ticket, check, or other device designed to serve as evidence of participation in any lottery.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 313, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.04"> <num value="47.04">Sec. 47.04.</num> <heading>KEEPING A GAMBLING PLACE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he knowingly uses or permits another to use as a gambling place any real estate, building, room, tent, vehicle, boat, or other property whatsoever owned by him or under his control, or rents or lets any such property with a view or expectation that it be so used.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the gambling occurred in a private place;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>no person received any economic benefit other than personal winnings; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>except for the advantage of skill or luck, the risks of losing and the chances of winning were the same for all participants.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 667, ch. 251, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1977. Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1030, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.05"> <num value="47.05">Sec. 47.05.</num> <heading>COMMUNICATING GAMBLING INFORMATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to further gambling, he knowingly communicates information as to bets, betting odds, or changes in betting odds or he knowingly provides, installs, or maintains equipment for the transmission or receipt of such information.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a) that the information communicated is intended for use in placing a lawful wager under Chapter 2027, Occupations Code, and is not communicated in violation of Section 2033.013, Occupations Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 963 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 2.09, eff. April 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06"> <num value="47.06">Sec. 47.06.</num> <heading>POSSESSION OF GAMBLING DEVICE, EQUIPMENT, OR PARAPHERNALIA</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to further gambling, he knowingly owns, manufactures, transfers, or possesses any gambling device that he knows is designed for gambling purposes or any equipment that he knows is designed as a subassembly or essential part of a gambling device.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to further gambling, he knowingly owns, manufactures, transfers commercially, or possesses any altered gambling equipment that he knows is designed for gambling purposes or any equipment that he knows is designed as a subassembly or essential part of such device.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if, with the intent to further gambling, the person knowingly owns, manufactures, transfers commercially, or possesses gambling paraphernalia.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsections (a) and (c) that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the device, equipment, or paraphernalia is used for or is intended for use in gambling that is to occur entirely in a private place;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a person involved in the gambling does not receive any economic benefit other than personal winnings; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>except for the advantage of skill or luck, the chance of winning is the same for all participants.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under Subsection (a) or (c) that the person owned, manufactured, transferred, or possessed the gambling device, equipment, or paraphernalia for the sole purpose of shipping it to another jurisdiction where the possession or use of the device, equipment, or paraphernalia was legal.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.06/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <content>A district or county attorney is not required to have a search warrant or subpoena to inspect a gambling device or gambling equipment or paraphernalia on an ocean-going vessel that enters the territorial waters of this state to call at a port in this state.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 668, ch. 251, Sec. 2, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 1865, ch. 741, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 29, 1977; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, Sec. 5.01(a)(48), eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 458, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1987; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1030, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 44, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 26, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 315, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 6, Sec. 4; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 107, Sec. 4.05, eff. Aug. 30, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 284, Sec. 30, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.07"> <num value="47.07">Sec. 47.07.</num> <heading>EVIDENCE</heading> <content>In any prosecution under this chapter in which it is relevant to prove the occurrence of a sporting event, a published report of its occurrence in a daily newspaper, magazine, or other periodically printed publication of general circulation shall be admissible in evidence and is prima facie evidence that the event occurred.</content> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 47.08 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.08"> <num value="47.08">Sec. 47.08.</num> <heading>TESTIMONIAL IMMUNITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A party to an offense under this chapter may be required to furnish evidence or testify about the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A party to an offense under this chapter may not be prosecuted for any offense about which he is required to furnish evidence or testify, and the evidence and testimony may not be used against the party in any adjudicatory proceeding except a prosecution for aggravated perjury.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.08/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "adjudicatory proceeding" means a proceeding before a court or any other agency of government in which the legal rights, powers, duties, or privileges of specified parties are determined.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.08/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>A conviction under this chapter may be had upon the uncorroborated testimony of a party to the offense.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Acts 1973, 63rd Leg., p. 883, ch. 399, Sec. 1, eff. Jan. 1, 1974. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 47.09 by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09"> <num value="47.09">Sec. 47.09.</num> <heading>OTHER DEFENSES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this chapter that the conduct:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>was authorized under:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>Chapter 2001, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>Chapter 2002, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>Chapter 2004, Occupations Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>Subtitle A-1, Title 13, Occupations Code (Texas Racing Act); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>Chapter 280, Finance Code;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>consisted entirely of participation in the state lottery authorized by Chapter 466, Government Code; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <chapeau>was a necessary incident to the operation of the state lottery and was directly or indirectly authorized by:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>Chapter 466, Government Code;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the executive director of the Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Sections 47.04, 47.06(a), and 47.06(c) that the gambling device, equipment, or paraphernalia is aboard an ocean-going vessel that enters the territorial waters of this state to call at a port in this state if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>before the vessel enters the territorial waters of this state, the district attorney or, if there is no district attorney, the county attorney for the county in which the port is located receives notice of the existence of the device, equipment, or paraphernalia on board the vessel and of the anticipated dates on which the vessel will enter and leave the territorial waters of this state;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>at all times while the vessel is in the territorial waters of this state all devices, equipment, or paraphernalia are disabled, electronically or by another method, from a remote and secured area of the vessel in a manner that allows only the master or crew of the vessel to remove any disabling device;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>at all times while the vessel is in the territorial waters of this state any disabling device is not removed except for the purposes of inspecting or repairing the device, equipment, or paraphernalia; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.09/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>the device, equipment, or paraphernalia is not used for gambling or other gaming purposes while the vessel is in the territorial waters of this state.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 14.54, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 111, Sec. 1, eff. May 16, 1997; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1035, Sec. 55, eff. June 19, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 844, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.835, eff. Sept. 1, 2001. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 47 (H.B. 975), Sec. 3, eff. January 1, 2016. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 963 (S.B. 1969), Sec. 2.10, eff. April 1, 2019. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 978 (H.B. 471), Sec. 5, eff. November 7, 2017. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1160 (S.B. 3070), Sec. 74, eff. June 20, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.10"> <num value="47.10">Sec. 47.10.</num> <heading>AMERICAN DOCUMENTATION OF VESSEL REQUIRED</heading> <content>If 18 U.S.C. Section 1082 is repealed, the affirmative defenses provided by Section 47.09(b) apply only if the vessel is documented under the laws of the United States.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 1030, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1989. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 47.12 by Acts 1990, 71st Leg., 6th C.S., ch. 12, Sec. 2(27), eff. Sept. 6, 1990. Renumbered from Penal Code Sec. 47.13 and amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c47/s47.11"> <num value="47.11">Sec. 47.11.</num> <heading>DEPOSITS IN CERTAIN ACCOUNTS NOT CONSIDERATION</heading> <content>For purposes of this chapter, opening or making a deposit in a savings account or other savings program subject to a savings promotion raffle under Chapter 280, Finance Code, does not constitute consideration.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 978 (H.B. 471), Sec. 6, eff. November 7, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48"> <num value="48">CHAPTER 48.</num> <heading>CONDUCT AFFECTING PUBLIC HEALTH</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.01"> <num value="48.01">Sec. 48.01.</num> <heading>SMOKING TOBACCO</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "e-cigarette" has the meaning assigned by Section 161.081, Health and Safety Code.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person commits an offense if the person is in possession of a burning tobacco product, smokes tobacco, or operates an e-cigarette in a facility of a public primary or secondary school or an elevator, enclosed theater or movie house, library, museum, hospital, transit system bus, intrastate bus, plane, or train which is a public place.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the conveyance or public place in which the offense takes place does not have prominently displayed a reasonably sized notice that smoking is prohibited by state law in such conveyance or public place and that an offense is punishable by a fine not to exceed $500.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>All conveyances and public places set out in Subsection (a-1) shall be equipped with facilities for extinguishment of smoking materials and it shall be a defense to prosecution under this section if the conveyance or public place within which the offense takes place is not so equipped.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.01/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of Subsection (a-1) if the person is in possession of the burning tobacco product, smokes tobacco, or operates the e-cigarette exclusively within an area designated for smoking tobacco or operating an e-cigarette or as a participant in an authorized theatrical performance.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.01/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An area designated for smoking tobacco or operating an e-cigarette on a transit system bus or intrastate plane or train must also include the area occupied by the operator of the transit system bus, plane, or train.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.01/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>An offense under this section is punishable as a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1975, 64th Leg., p. 744, ch. 290, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1975. Amended by Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 108, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 165, Sec. 30.242, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 181 (S.B. 97), Sec. 39, eff. October 1, 2015.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.015"> <num value="48.015">Sec. 48.015.</num> <heading>PROHIBITIONS RELATING TO CERTAIN CIGARETTES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.015/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person may not acquire, hold, own, possess, or transport for sale or distribution in this state or import or cause to be imported into this state for sale or distribution in this state:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.015/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>cigarettes that do not comply with all applicable requirements imposed by or under federal law and implementing regulations; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.015/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>cigarettes to which stamps may not be affixed under Section 154.0415, Tax Code, other than cigarettes lawfully imported or brought into the state for personal use and cigarettes lawfully sold or intended to be sold as duty-free merchandise by a duty-free sales enterprise in accordance with 19 U.S.C. Section 1555(b), as amended.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.015/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person who commits an act prohibited by Subsection (a), knowing or having reason to know that the person is doing so, is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1104, Sec. 6, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.02"> <num value="48.02">Sec. 48.02.</num> <heading>PROHIBITION OF THE PURCHASE AND SALE OF HUMAN ORGANS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "human organ" means the human kidney, liver, heart, lung, pancreas, eye, bone, skin, or any other human organ or tissue, but does not include hair or blood, blood components (including plasma), blood derivatives, or blood reagents. The term does not include human fetal tissue as defined by Section 48.03.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if he or she knowingly or intentionally offers to buy, offers to sell, acquires, receives, sells, or otherwise transfers any human organ for valuable consideration.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section that the valuable consideration is: (1) a fee paid to a physician or to other medical personnel for services rendered in the usual course of medical practice or a fee paid for hospital or other clinical services; (2) reimbursement of legal or medical expenses incurred for the benefit of the ultimate receiver of the organ; or (3) reimbursement of expenses of travel, housing, and lost wages incurred by the donor of a human organ in connection with the donation of the organ.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 40, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 26, 1985. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 441 (S.B. 8), Sec. 16, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 971 (S.B. 456), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03"> <num value="48.03">Sec. 48.03.</num> <heading>PROHIBITION ON PURCHASE AND SALE OF HUMAN FETAL TISSUE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "human fetal tissue" has the meaning assigned by Section 173.001, Health and Safety Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly offers to buy, offers to sell, acquires, receives, sells, or otherwise transfers any human fetal tissue for economic benefit.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the actor:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is an employee of or under contract with an accredited public or private institution of higher education; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>acquires, receives, or transfers human fetal tissue solely for the purpose of fulfilling a donation authorized by Section 173.005, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <chapeau>This section does not apply to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>human fetal tissue acquired, received, or transferred solely for diagnostic or pathological testing;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>human fetal tissue acquired, received, or transferred solely for the purposes of a criminal investigation;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>human fetal tissue acquired, received, or transferred solely for the purpose of disposing of the tissue in accordance with state law or rules applicable to the disposition of human fetal tissue remains;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>human fetal tissue or human tissue acquired during pregnancy or at delivery of a child, provided the tissue is acquired by an accredited public or private institution of higher education for use in research approved by an institutional review board or another appropriate board, committee, or body charged with oversight applicable to the research; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>cell lines derived from human fetal tissue or human tissue existing on September 1, 2017, that are used by an accredited public or private institution of higher education in research approved by an institutional review board or another appropriate board, committee, or body charged with oversight applicable to the research.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.03/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <content>With the consent of the appropriate local county or district attorney, the attorney general has concurrent jurisdiction with that consenting local prosecutor to prosecute an offense under this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 441 (S.B. 8), Sec. 17, eff. September 1, 2017.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04"> <num value="48.04">Sec. 48.04.</num> <heading>PROHIBITION ON PURCHASE AND SALE OF ADULT STEM CELLS FOR CERTAIN INVESTIGATIONAL TREATMENTS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Adult stem cell" means an undifferentiated cell that is:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>found in differentiated tissue; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>able to renew itself and differentiate to yield all or nearly all of the specialized cell types of the tissue from which the cell originated.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Investigational stem cell treatment" means an adult stem cell treatment that:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>is under investigation in a clinical trial and being administered to human participants in that trial; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>has not yet been approved for general use by the United States Food and Drug Administration.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly offers to buy, offers to sell, acquires, receives, sells, or otherwise transfers any adult stem cells for valuable consideration for use in an investigational stem cell treatment.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an exception to the application of this section that the valuable consideration is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a fee paid to a physician or to other medical personnel for services rendered in the usual course of medical practice or a fee paid for hospital or other clinical services;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>reimbursement of legal or medical expenses incurred for the benefit of the ultimate receiver of the investigational stem cell treatment; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>reimbursement of expenses of travel, housing, and lost wages incurred by the donor of adult stem cells in connection with the donation of the adult stem cells.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>It is an exception to the application of this section that the actor engaged in conduct authorized under Chapter 162, Health and Safety Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.04/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A violation of this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 697 (H.B. 810), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2017. Redesignated from Penal Code, Section 48.03 by Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 467 (H.B. 4170), Sec. 21.001(41), eff. September 1, 2019.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05"> <num value="48.05">Sec. 48.05.</num> <heading>PROHIBITED CAMPING</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Camp" means to reside temporarily in a place, with shelter.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Shelter" includes a tent, tarpaulin, lean-to, sleeping bag, bedroll, blankets, or any form of temporary, semipermanent, or permanent shelter, other than clothing or any handheld device, designed to protect a person from weather conditions that threaten personal health and safety.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly camps in a public place without the effective consent of the officer or agency having the legal duty or authority to manage the public place.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>The actor's intent or knowledge may be established through evidence of activities associated with sustaining a living accommodation that are conducted in a public place, including:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>cooking;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>making a fire;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>storing personal belongings for an extended period;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>digging; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>sleeping.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>Consent given by an officer or agency of a political subdivision is not effective for purposes of Subsection (b), unless given to authorize the person to camp for:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>recreational purposes;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>purposes of sheltering homeless individuals, if the property on which the camping occurs is subject to a plan approved under Subchapter PP, Chapter 2306, Government Code, and the camping occurs in a manner that complies with the plan;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>purposes permitted by a beach access plan that has been approved under Section 61.015, Natural Resources Code, and the camping occurs in a manner that complies with the plan; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>purposes related to providing emergency shelter during a disaster declared under Section 418.014, Government Code, or a local disaster declared under Section 418.108 of that code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/f"> <num value="f">(f)</num> <chapeau>This section does not preempt an ordinance, order, rule, or other regulation adopted by a state agency or political subdivision relating to prohibiting camping in a public place or affect the authority of a state agency or political subdivision to adopt or enforce an ordinance, order, rule, or other regulation relating to prohibiting camping in a public place if the ordinance, order, rule, or other regulation:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>is compatible with and equal to or more stringent than the offense prescribed by this section; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>relates to an issue not specifically addressed by this section.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/g"> <num value="g">(g)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (h), before or at the time a peace officer issues a citation to a person for an offense under this section, the peace officer must make a reasonable effort to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>advise the person of an alternative place at which the person may lawfully camp; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>contact, if reasonable and appropriate, an appropriate official of the political subdivision in which the public place is located, or an appropriate nonprofit organization operating within that political subdivision, and request the official or organization to provide the person with:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>information regarding the prevention of human trafficking; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>any other services that would reduce the likelihood of the person suspected of committing the offense continuing to camp in the public place.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/h"> <num value="h">(h)</num> <content>Subsection (g) does not apply if the peace officer determines there is an imminent threat to the health or safety of any person to the extent that compliance with that subsection is impracticable.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>If the person is arrested or detained solely for an offense under this section, a peace officer enforcing this section shall ensure that all of the person's personal property not designated as contraband under other law is preserved by:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>permitting the person to remove all the property from the public place at the time of the person's departure; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>taking custody of the property and allowing the person to retrieve the property after the person is released from custody.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c48/s48.05/j"> <num value="j">(j)</num> <content>A fee may not be charged for the storage or release of property under Subsection (i)(2).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 677 (H.B. 1925), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49"> <num value="49">CHAPTER 49.</num> <heading>INTOXICATION AND ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE OFFENSES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01"> <num value="49.01">Sec. 49.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Alcohol concentration" means the number of grams of alcohol per:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>210 liters of breath;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>100 milliliters of blood; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>67 milliliters of urine.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Intoxicated" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>not having the normal use of mental or physical faculties by reason of the introduction of alcohol, a controlled substance, a drug, a dangerous drug, a combination of two or more of those substances, or any other substance into the body; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>having an alcohol concentration of 0.08 or more.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Motor vehicle" has the meaning assigned by Section 32.34(a).</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>"Watercraft" means a vessel, one or more water skis, an aquaplane, or another device used for transporting or carrying a person on water, other than a device propelled only by the current of water.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <content>"Amusement ride" has the meaning assigned by Section 2151.002, Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Mobile amusement ride" has the meaning assigned by Section 2151.002, Occupations Code.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 234, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1364, Sec. 8, eff. Jan. 1, 2000; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.707, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.02"> <num value="49.02">Sec. 49.02.</num> <heading>PUBLIC INTOXICATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person appears in a public place while intoxicated to the degree that the person may endanger the person or another.</content> <continuation>(a-1) For the purposes of this section, a premises licensed or permitted under the Alcoholic Beverage Code is a public place.</continuation> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>It is a defense to prosecution under this section that the alcohol or other substance was administered for therapeutic purposes and as a part of the person's professional medical treatment by a licensed physician.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (e), an offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is not a lesser included offense under Section 49.04.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>An offense under this section committed by a person younger than 21 years of age is punishable in the same manner as if the minor committed an offense to which Section 106.071, Alcoholic Beverage Code, applies.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1013, Sec. 12, eff. Sept. 1, 1997. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 68 (S.B. 904), Sec. 25, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031"> <num value="49.031">Sec. 49.031.</num> <heading>POSSESSION OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE IN MOTOR VEHICLE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Open container" means a bottle, can, or other receptacle that contains any amount of alcoholic beverage and that is open, that has been opened, that has a broken seal, or the contents of which are partially removed.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Passenger area of a motor vehicle" means the area of a motor vehicle designed for the seating of the operator and passengers of the vehicle. The term does not include:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a glove compartment or similar storage container that is locked;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the trunk of a vehicle; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the area behind the last upright seat of the vehicle, if the vehicle does not have a trunk.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Public highway" means the entire width between and immediately adjacent to the boundary lines of any public road, street, highway, interstate, or other publicly maintained way if any part is open for public use for the purpose of motor vehicle travel. The term includes the right-of-way of a public highway.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly possesses an open container in a passenger area of a motor vehicle that is located on a public highway, regardless of whether the vehicle is being operated or is stopped or parked. Possession by a person of one or more open containers in a single criminal episode is a single offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an exception to the application of Subsection (b) that at the time of the offense the defendant was a passenger in:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the passenger area of a motor vehicle designed, maintained, or used primarily for the transportation of persons for compensation, including a bus, taxicab, or limousine; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the living quarters of a motorized house coach or motorized house trailer, including a self-contained camper, a motor home, or a recreational vehicle.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.031/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>A peace officer charging a person with an offense under this section, instead of taking the person before a magistrate, shall issue to the person a written citation and notice to appear that contains the time and place the person must appear before a magistrate, the name and address of the person charged, and the offense charged. If the person makes a written promise to appear before the magistrate by signing in duplicate the citation and notice to appear issued by the officer, the officer shall release the person.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 969, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.04"> <num value="49.04">Sec. 49.04.</num> <heading>DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person is intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle in a public place.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsections (c), (d), and (e) and Section 49.09, an offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, with a minimum term of confinement of 72 hours.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If it is shown on the trial of an offense under this section that at the time of the offense the person operating the motor vehicle had an open container of alcohol in the person's immediate possession, the offense is a Class B misdemeanor, with a minimum term of confinement of six days.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.04/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>If it is shown on the trial of an offense under this section that an analysis of a specimen of the person's blood, breath, or urine showed an alcohol concentration level of 0.15 or more at the time the analysis was performed, the offense is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.04/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>If it is shown on the trial of an offense under this section that at the time of the offense the person was operating the motor vehicle in a school crossing zone during the time the reduced speed limit applies to the zone, the offense is a state jail felony. In this subsection, "school crossing zone" has the meaning assigned by Section 541.302, Transportation Code.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 14.55, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 960 (H.B. 1199), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 991 (S.B. 826), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.045"> <num value="49.045">Sec. 49.045.</num> <heading>DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED WITH CHILD PASSENGER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.045/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.045/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person is intoxicated while operating a motor vehicle in a public place; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.045/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the vehicle being operated by the person is occupied by a passenger who is younger than 15 years of age.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.045/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 787, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.05"> <num value="49.05">Sec. 49.05.</num> <heading>FLYING WHILE INTOXICATED</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person is intoxicated while operating an aircraft.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Section 49.09, an offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, with a minimum term of confinement of 72 hours.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.06"> <num value="49.06">Sec. 49.06.</num> <heading>BOATING WHILE INTOXICATED</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.06/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person is intoxicated while operating a watercraft.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.06/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Section 49.09, an offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, with a minimum term of confinement of 72 hours.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.061"> <num value="49.061">Sec. 49.061.</num> <heading>BOATING WHILE INTOXICATED WITH CHILD PASSENGER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.061/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.061/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person is intoxicated while operating a watercraft; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.061/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the watercraft being operated by the person is occupied by a passenger who is younger than 15 years of age.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.061/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 813 (H.B. 1163), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.065"> <num value="49.065">Sec. 49.065.</num> <heading>ASSEMBLING OR OPERATING AN AMUSEMENT RIDE WHILE INTOXICATED</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.065/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person is intoxicated while operating an amusement ride or while assembling a mobile amusement ride.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.065/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (c) and Section 49.09, an offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor with a minimum term of confinement of 72 hours.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.065/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If it is shown on the trial of an offense under this section that at the time of the offense the person operating the amusement ride or assembling the mobile amusement ride had an open container of alcohol in the person's immediate possession, the offense is a Class B misdemeanor with a minimum term of confinement of six days.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1364, Sec. 9, eff. Jan. 1, 2000.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.07"> <num value="49.07">Sec. 49.07.</num> <heading>INTOXICATION ASSAULT</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.07/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, by accident or mistake:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.07/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>while operating an aircraft, watercraft, or amusement ride while intoxicated, or while operating a motor vehicle in a public place while intoxicated, by reason of that intoxication causes serious bodily injury to another; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.07/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>as a result of assembling a mobile amusement ride while intoxicated causes serious bodily injury to another.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.07/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>In this section, "serious bodily injury" means injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes serious permanent disfigurement or protracted loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.07/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Except as provided by Section 49.09, an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1364, Sec. 10, eff. Jan. 1, 2000. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 662 (H.B. 1212), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.08"> <num value="49.08">Sec. 49.08.</num> <heading>INTOXICATION MANSLAUGHTER</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.08/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.08/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>operates a motor vehicle in a public place, operates an aircraft, a watercraft, or an amusement ride, or assembles a mobile amusement ride; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.08/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>is intoxicated and by reason of that intoxication causes the death of another by accident or mistake.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.08/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Section 49.09, an offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1364, Sec. 11, eff. Jan. 1, 2000. Amended by: Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 662 (H.B. 1212), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2007.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.09"> <num value="49.09">Sec. 49.09.</num> <heading>ENHANCED OFFENSES AND PENALTIES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.09/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (b), an offense under Section 49.04, 49.05, 49.06, or 49.065 is a Class A misdemeanor, with a minimum term of confinement of 30 days, if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has previously been convicted one time of an offense relating to the operating of a motor vehicle while intoxicated, an offense of operating an aircraft while intoxicated, an offense of operating a watercraft while intoxicated, or an offense of operating or assembling an amusement ride while intoxicated.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.09/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under Section 49.04, 49.045, 49.05, 49.06, 49.061, or 49.065 is a felony of the third degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person has previously been convicted:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>one time of an offense under Section 49.08 or an offense under the laws of another state if the offense contains elements that are substantially similar to the elements of an offense under Section 49.08; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>two times of any other offense relating to the operating of a motor vehicle while intoxicated, operating an aircraft while intoxicated, operating a watercraft while intoxicated, or operating or assembling an amusement ride while intoxicated.</content> <continuation>(b-1) An offense under Section 49.07 is:</continuation> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.09/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person caused serious bodily injury to a firefighter or emergency medical services personnel while in the actual discharge of an official duty; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.09/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the first degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person caused serious bodily injury to a peace officer or judge while the officer or judge was in the actual discharge of an official duty.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 307 (S.B. 745), Sec. 1 (b-2) An offense under Section 49.08 is a felony of the first degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person caused the death of: (1) a person described by Subsection (b-1); or (2) more than one person during the same criminal transaction. Text of subsection as amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 939 (H.B. 2017), Sec. 2 (b-2) An offense under Section 49.08 is a felony of the first degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person: (1) caused the death of a person described by Subsection (b-1); or (2) has previously been convicted of an offense relating to the operating of a motor vehicle while intoxicated, operating an aircraft while intoxicated, operating a watercraft while intoxicated, or operating or assembling an amusement ride while intoxicated, and at the time of the commission of the instant offense was in violation of Chapter 51. (b-3) For the purposes of Subsection (b-1): (1) "Emergency medical services personnel" has the meaning assigned by Section 773.003, Health and Safety Code. (2) "Firefighter" means: (A) an individual employed by this state or by a political or legal subdivision of this state who is subject to certification by the Texas Commission on Fire Protection; or (B) a member of an organized volunteer fire-fighting unit that: (i) renders fire-fighting services without remuneration; and (ii) conducts a minimum of two drills each month, each at least two hours long. (b-4) An offense under Section 49.07 is a felony of the second degree if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the person caused serious bodily injury to another in the nature of a traumatic brain injury that results in a persistent vegetative state. (c) For the purposes of this section: (1) "Offense relating to the operating of a motor vehicle while intoxicated" means: (A) an offense under Section 49.04 or 49.045; (B) an offense under Section 49.07 or 49.08, if the vehicle operated was a motor vehicle; (C) an offense under Article 6701l-1, Revised Statutes, as that law existed before September 1, 1994; (D) an offense under Article 6701l-2, Revised Statutes, as that law existed before January 1, 1984; (E) an offense under Section 19.05(a)(2), as that law existed before September 1, 1994, if the vehicle operated was a motor vehicle; or (F) an offense under the laws of another state that prohibit the operation of a motor vehicle while intoxicated. (2) "Offense of operating an aircraft while intoxicated" means: (A) an offense under Section 49.05; (B) an offense under Section 49.07 or 49.08, if the vehicle operated was an aircraft; (C) an offense under Section 1, Chapter 46, Acts of the 58th Legislature, Regular Session, 1963 (Article 46f-3, Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes), as that law existed before September 1, 1994; (D) an offense under Section 19.05(a)(2), as that law existed before September 1, 1994, if the vehicle operated was an aircraft; or (E) an offense under the laws of another state that prohibit the operation of an aircraft while intoxicated. (3) "Offense of operating a watercraft while intoxicated" means: (A) an offense under Section 49.06 or 49.061; (B) an offense under Section 49.07 or 49.08, if the vehicle operated was a watercraft; (C) an offense under Section 31.097, Parks and Wildlife Code, as that law existed before September 1, 1994; (D) an offense under Section 19.05(a)(2), as that law existed before September 1, 1994, if the vehicle operated was a watercraft; or (E) an offense under the laws of another state that prohibit the operation of a watercraft while intoxicated. (4) "Offense of operating or assembling an amusement ride while intoxicated" means: (A) an offense under Section 49.065; (B) an offense under Section 49.07 or 49.08, if the offense involved the operation or assembly of an amusement ride; or (C) an offense under the law of another state that prohibits the operation of an amusement ride while intoxicated or the assembly of a mobile amusement ride while intoxicated. (d) For the purposes of this section, a conviction for an offense under Section 49.04, 49.045, 49.05, 49.06, 49.061, 49.065, 49.07, or 49.08 that occurs on or after September 1, 1994, is a final conviction, whether the sentence for the conviction is imposed or probated. (e) Repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 996, Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005. (f) Repealed by Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 996, Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005. (g) A conviction may be used for purposes of enhancement under this section or enhancement under Subchapter D, Chapter 12, but not under both this section and Subchapter D. For purposes of this section, a person is considered to have been convicted of an offense under Section 49.04 or 49.06 if the person was placed on deferred adjudication community supervision for the offense under Article 42A.102, Code of Criminal Procedure. (h) This subsection applies only to a person convicted of a second or subsequent offense relating to the operating of a motor vehicle while intoxicated committed within five years of the date on which the most recent preceding offense was committed. The court shall enter an order that requires the defendant to have a device installed, on each motor vehicle owned or operated by the defendant, that uses a deep-lung breath analysis mechanism to make impractical the operation of the motor vehicle if ethyl alcohol is detected in the breath of the operator, and that requires that before the first anniversary of the ending date of the period of license suspension under Section 521.344, Transportation Code, the defendant not operate any motor vehicle that is not equipped with that device. The court shall require the defendant to obtain the device at the defendant's own cost on or before that ending date, require the defendant to provide evidence to the court on or before that ending date that the device has been installed on each appropriate vehicle, and order the device to remain installed on each vehicle until the first anniversary of that ending date. If the court determines the offender is unable to pay for the device, the court may impose a reasonable payment schedule not to extend beyond the first anniversary of the date of installation. The Department of Public Safety shall approve devices for use under this subsection. Section 521.247, Transportation Code, applies to the approval of a device under this subsection and the consequences of that approval. Failure to comply with an order entered under this subsection is punishable by contempt. For the purpose of enforcing this subsection, the court that enters an order under this subsection retains jurisdiction over the defendant until the date on which the device is no longer required to remain installed. To the extent of a conflict between this subsection and Subchapter I, Chapter 42A, Code of Criminal Procedure, this subsection controls. Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 14.56, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 21, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1364, Sec. 12, 13, eff. Jan. 1, 2000; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 648, Sec. 1, 2, eff, Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 969, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2001; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 787, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 2003; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 1275, Sec. 2(117), eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 996 (H.B. 51), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 996 (H.B. 51), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 662 (H.B. 1212), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 960 (H.B. 1199), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 770 (H.B. 2299), Sec. 2.84, eff. January 1, 2017. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1067 (H.B. 2246), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 324 (S.B. 1488), Sec. 23.010, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2017, 85th Leg., R.S., Ch. 440 (H.B. 2908), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2017. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1298 (H.B. 3582), Sec. 7, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 813 (H.B. 1163), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 813 (H.B. 1163), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 307 (S.B. 745), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 939 (H.B. 2017), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.10"> <num value="49.10">Sec. 49.10.</num> <heading>NO DEFENSE</heading> <content>In a prosecution under Section 49.031, 49.04, 49.045, 49.05, 49.06, 49.061, 49.065, 49.07, or 49.08, the fact that the defendant is or has been entitled to use the alcohol, controlled substance, drug, dangerous drug, or other substance is not a defense.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1364, Sec. 14, eff. Jan. 1, 2000; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 787, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 813 (H.B. 1163), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.11"> <num value="49.11">Sec. 49.11.</num> <heading>PROOF OF MENTAL STATE UNNECESSARY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.11/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Section 6.02(b), proof of a culpable mental state is not required for conviction of an offense under this chapter.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.11/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Subsection (a) does not apply to an offense under Section 49.031.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 22, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 969, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c49/s49.12"> <num value="49.12">Sec. 49.12.</num> <heading>APPLICABILITY TO CERTAIN CONDUCT</heading> <content>Sections 49.07 and 49.08 do not apply to injury to or the death of an unborn child if the conduct charged is conduct committed by the mother of the unborn child.</content> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 822, Sec. 2.05, eff. Sept. 1, 2003.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50"> <num value="50">CHAPTER 50.</num> <heading>FIREWORKS</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.01"> <num value="50.01">Sec. 50.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Consumer firework" and "fireworks" have the meanings assigned by 49 C.F.R. Section 173.59.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Law enforcement officer" means a person who is a peace officer under Article 2A.001, Code of Criminal Procedure, or a person who is a federal law enforcement officer, as defined by 5 U.S.C. Section 8331(20).</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 200 (H.B. 2366), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 765 (H.B. 4504), Sec. 2.158, eff. January 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.02"> <num value="50.02">Sec. 50.02.</num> <heading>UNLAWFUL USE OF FIREWORKS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person explodes or ignites fireworks with the intent to:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>interfere with the lawful performance of an official duty by a law enforcement officer; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>flee from a person the actor knows is a law enforcement officer attempting to lawfully arrest or detain the actor.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsections (c) and (d), an offense under this section is a state jail felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section that involves any firework that is not a consumer firework is a second degree felony.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>Notwithstanding Subsection (c), an offense under this section is a felony of the first degree if the offense causes serious bodily injury to a person the actor knows is a law enforcement officer while the law enforcement officer is lawfully discharging an official duty or in retaliation or on account of an exercise of official power or performance of an official duty as a law enforcement officer.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c50/s50.02/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 200 (H.B. 2366), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51"> <num value="51">CHAPTER 51.</num> <heading>ILLEGAL ENTRY INTO THIS STATE</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.01"> <num value="51.01">Sec. 51.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Alien" has the meaning assigned by 8 U.S.C. Section 1101, as that provision existed on January 1, 2023.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Port of entry" means a port of entry in the United States as designated by 19 C.F.R. Part 101.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 4th C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 2, eff. March 5, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02"> <num value="51.02">Sec. 51.02.</num> <heading>ILLEGAL ENTRY FROM FOREIGN NATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person who is an alien commits an offense if the person enters or attempts to enter this state directly from a foreign nation at any location other than a lawful port of entry.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class B misdemeanor, except that the offense is a state jail felony if it is shown on the trial of the offense that the defendant has been previously convicted of an offense under this section.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under this section that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the federal government has granted the defendant:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>lawful presence in the United States; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>asylum under 8 U.S.C. Section 1158;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the defendant's conduct does not constitute a violation of 8 U.S.C. Section 1325(a); or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the defendant was approved for benefits under the federal Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program between June 15, 2012, and July 16, 2021.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>The following federal programs do not provide an affirmative defense for purposes of Subsection (c)(1):</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents program; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>any program not enacted by the United States Congress that is a successor to or materially similar to the program described by Subsection (c)(3) or Subdivision (1).</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 4th C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 2, eff. March 5, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03"> <num value="51.03">Sec. 51.03.</num> <heading>ILLEGAL REENTRY BY CERTAIN ALIENS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person who is an alien commits an offense if the person enters, attempts to enter, or is at any time found in this state after the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>has been denied admission to or excluded, deported, or removed from the United States; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>has departed from the United States while an order of exclusion, deportation, or removal is outstanding.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor, except that the offense is:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>a felony of the third degree if:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>the defendant's removal was subsequent to a conviction for commission of two or more misdemeanors involving drugs, crimes against a person, or both;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>the defendant was excluded pursuant to 8 U.S.C. Section 1225(c) because the defendant was excludable under 8 U.S.C. Section 1182(a)(3)(B);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>the defendant was removed pursuant to the provisions of 8 U.S.C. Chapter 12, Subchapter V; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>the defendant was removed pursuant to 8 U.S.C. Section 1231(a)(4)(B); or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony of the second degree if the defendant was removed subsequent to a conviction for the commission of a felony.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>For purposes of this section, "removal" includes an order issued under Article 5B.002, Code of Criminal Procedure, or any other agreement in which an alien stipulates to removal pursuant to a criminal proceeding under either federal or state law.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 4th C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 2, eff. March 5, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.04"> <num value="51.04">Sec. 51.04.</num> <heading>REFUSAL TO COMPLY WITH ORDER TO RETURN TO FOREIGN NATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person who is an alien commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>the person has been charged with or convicted of an offense under this chapter;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a magistrate or judge, as applicable, has issued an order under Article 5B.002, Code of Criminal Procedure, for the person to return to the foreign nation from which the person entered or attempted to enter; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the person refuses to comply with the order.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t10/c51/s51.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., 4th C.S., Ch. 2 (S.B. 4), Sec. 2, eff. March 5, 2024.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <num value="11">TITLE 11.</num> <heading>ORGANIZED CRIME</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71"> <num value="71">CHAPTER 71.</num> <heading>ORGANIZED CRIME</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.01"> <num value="71.01">Sec. 71.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter,</chapeau> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.01/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>"Combination" means three or more persons who collaborate in carrying on criminal activities, although:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>participants may not know each other's identity;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>membership in the combination may change from time to time; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>participants may stand in a wholesaler-retailer or other arm's-length relationship in illicit distribution operations.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.01/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>"Conspires to commit" means that a person agrees with one or more persons that they or one or more of them engage in conduct that would constitute the offense and that person and one or more of them perform an overt act in pursuance of the agreement. An agreement constituting conspiring to commit may be inferred from the acts of the parties.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.01/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>"Profits" means property constituting or derived from any proceeds obtained, directly or indirectly, from an offense listed in Section 71.02.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.01/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>"Criminal street gang" means three or more persons having a common identifying sign or symbol or an identifiable leadership who continuously or regularly associate in the commission of criminal activities.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.01/e"> <num value="e">(e)</num> <content>"Foreign terrorist organization" means three or more persons operating as an organization at least partially outside the United States who engage in criminal activity and threaten the security of this state or its residents, including but not limited to a drug cartel.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 922, ch. 346, Sec. 1, eff. June 10, 1977. Amended by Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 782, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 555, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 23, eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Amended by: Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 462 (S.B. 1900), Sec. 18, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.02"> <num value="71.02">Sec. 71.02.</num> <heading>ENGAGING IN ORGANIZED CRIMINAL ACTIVITY</heading> <sourceCredit>Text of subsection as reenacted and amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 319 (S.B. 1646), Sec. 1.06 (a) A person commits an offense if, with the intent to establish, maintain, or participate in a combination or in the profits of a combination or as a member of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization, the person commits or conspires to commit one or more of the following: (1) murder, capital murder, arson, aggravated robbery, robbery, burglary, theft, aggravated kidnapping, kidnapping, aggravated assault, aggravated sexual assault, sexual assault, continuous sexual abuse of young child or disabled individual, solicitation of a minor, forgery, deadly conduct, assault punishable as a Class A misdemeanor, burglary of a motor vehicle, or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle; (2) any gambling offense punishable as a Class A misdemeanor; (3) promotion of prostitution, aggravated promotion of prostitution, or compelling prostitution; (4) unlawful manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of firearms or prohibited weapons; (5) unlawful manufacture, delivery, dispensation, or distribution of a controlled substance or dangerous drug, or unlawful possession of a controlled substance or dangerous drug: (A) through forgery, fraud, misrepresentation, or deception; or (B) with the intent to deliver the controlled substance or dangerous drug; (5-a) causing the unlawful delivery, dispensation, or distribution of a controlled substance or dangerous drug in violation of Subtitle B, Title 3, Occupations Code; (5-b) any unlawful possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance or dangerous drug; (5-c) unlawful possession with intent to deliver a controlled substance listed in Penalty Group 1-B under Section 481.1022, Health and Safety Code; (6) any unlawful wholesale promotion or possession of any obscene material or obscene device with the intent to wholesale promote the same; (7) any offense under Subchapter B, Chapter 43, depicting or involving conduct by or directed toward a child younger than 18 years of age; (8) any felony offense under Chapter 32; (9) any offense under Chapter 36; (10) any offense under Chapter 34, 35, or 35A; (11) any offense under Section 37.11(a); (12) any offense under Chapter 20A; (13) any offense under Section 37.10; (14) any offense under Section 38.06, 38.07, 38.09, or 38.11; (15) any offense under Section 42.10; (16) any offense under Section 46.06(a)(1) or 46.14; (17) any offense under Section 20.05, 20.06, or 20.07; (18) any offense under Section 16.02; (19) any offense punishable under Section 42.03(d) or (e); (20) an offense under Section 28.03 that is punishable under Subsection (b)(4)(E) or (l) of that section; (21) an offense under: (A) Section 31.21 that is punishable under Subsection (d) of that section; or (B) Section 31.22 that is punishable under Subsection (e) of that section; (22) any offense classified as a felony under the Tax Code; or (23) any offense under Section 545.420, Transportation Code. Text of subsection as reenacted and amended by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 756 (S.B. 20), Sec. 3 (a) A person commits an offense if, with the intent to establish, maintain, or participate in a combination or in the profits of a combination or as a member of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization, the person commits or conspires to commit one or more of the following: (1) murder, capital murder, arson, aggravated robbery, robbery, burglary, theft, aggravated kidnapping, kidnapping, aggravated assault, aggravated sexual assault, sexual assault, continuous sexual abuse of young child or disabled individual, solicitation of a minor, forgery, deadly conduct, assault punishable as a Class A misdemeanor, burglary of a motor vehicle, or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle; (2) any gambling offense punishable as a Class A misdemeanor; (3) promotion of prostitution, aggravated promotion of prostitution, or compelling prostitution; (4) unlawful manufacture, transportation, repair, or sale of firearms or prohibited weapons; (5) unlawful manufacture, delivery, dispensation, or distribution of a controlled substance or dangerous drug, or unlawful possession of a controlled substance or dangerous drug: (A) through forgery, fraud, misrepresentation, or deception; or (B) with the intent to deliver the controlled substance or dangerous drug; (5-a) causing the unlawful delivery, dispensation, or distribution of a controlled substance or dangerous drug in violation of Subtitle B, Title 3, Occupations Code; (6) any unlawful wholesale promotion or possession of any obscene material or obscene device with the intent to wholesale promote the same; (7) any offense under Subchapter B, Chapter 43, depicting or involving conduct by or directed toward a child younger than 18 years of age; (8) any felony offense under Chapter 32; (9) any offense under Chapter 36; (10) any offense under Chapter 34, 35, or 35A; (11) any offense under Section 37.11(a); (12) any offense under Chapter 20A; (13) any offense under Section 37.10; (14) any offense under Section 38.06, 38.07, 38.09, or 38.11; (15) any offense under Section 42.10; (16) any offense under Section 43.235; (17) any offense under Section 46.06(a)(1) or 46.14; (18) any offense under Section 20.05, 20.06, or 20.07; (19) any offense under Section 16.02; (20) any offense punishable under Section 42.03(d) or (e); (21) an offense under Section 28.03 that is punishable under Subsection (b)(4)(E) of that section; (22) an offense under Section 31.21 that is punishable under Subsection (d) of that section; (23) any offense classified as a felony under the Tax Code; or (24) any offense under Section 545.420, Transportation Code. (b) Except as provided in Subsections (c), (d), and (e), an offense under this section is one category higher than the most serious offense listed in Subsection (a) that was committed, and if the most serious offense is a Class A misdemeanor, the offense is a state jail felony, except that the offense is a felony of the first degree punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for: (1) life without parole, if the most serious offense is an aggravated sexual assault and if at the time of that offense the defendant is 18 years of age or older and: (A) the victim of the offense is younger than six years of age; (B) the victim of the offense is younger than 14 years of age and the actor commits the offense in a manner described by Section 22.021(a)(2)(A); or (C) the victim of the offense is younger than 17 years of age and suffered serious bodily injury as a result of the offense; (2) life or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 30 years if the most serious offense is an offense under Section 20.06 that is punishable under Subsection (g) of that section; or (3) life or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 15 years if the most serious offense is an offense punishable as a felony of the first degree, other than an offense described by Subdivision (1) or (2). (c) Notwithstanding Section 15.02(d), a conspiracy to commit an offense under this section is punishable in the same manner as an offense under this section. (d) At the punishment stage of a trial, the defendant may raise the issue as to whether in voluntary and complete renunciation of the offense he withdrew from the combination before commission of an offense listed in Subsection (a) and made substantial effort to prevent the commission of the offense. If the defendant proves the issue in the affirmative by a preponderance of the evidence the offense is the same category of offense as the most serious offense listed in Subsection (a) that is committed. (e) An offense that is punishable as a second degree felony or as any lower category of offense under Subsection (b) is one additional category higher than the category listed under Subsection (b) if the person used or exhibited a deadly weapon during the commission of one or more of the offenses listed under Subsection (a) and if an offense is punishable as a Class A misdemeanor under Subsection (b), the offense is a state jail felony. Added by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 922, ch. 346, Sec. 1, eff. June 10, 1977. Amended by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2373, ch. 587, Sec. 1 to 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1989, 71st Leg., ch. 782, Sec. 2, eff. Sept. 1, 1989; Acts 1991, 72nd Leg., ch. 555, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1991; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 761, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994; Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 318, Sec. 24, eff. Sept. 1, 1995; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 189, Sec. 9, eff. May 21, 1997; Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 685, Sec. 8, eff. Sept. 1, 1999; Acts 2003, 78th Leg., ch. 641, Sec. 3, eff. Sept. 1, 2003. Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 1162 (H.B. 3376), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2005. Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1163 (H.B. 126), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2007. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 153 (S.B. 2225), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1130 (H.B. 2086), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1357 (S.B. 554), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 68 (S.B. 934), Sec. 8, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 91 (S.B. 1303), Sec. 20.003, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 223 (H.B. 260), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 620 (S.B. 688), Sec. 10, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1200 (S.B. 158), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1200 (S.B. 158), Sec. 4, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 161 (S.B. 1093), Sec. 16.005, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1252 (H.B. 8), Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1325 (S.B. 549), Sec. 4(b), eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 333 (H.B. 11), Sec. 16, eff. September 1, 2015. Acts 2019, 86th Leg., R.S., Ch. 253 (H.B. 869), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2019. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 221 (H.B. 375), Sec. 2.27, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 269 (S.B. 224), Sec. 2.05, eff. May 29, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 369 (H.B. 1442), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 462 (S.B. 1900), Sec. 19, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 885 (H.B. 4635), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 910 (H.B. 6), Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 319 (S.B. 1646), Sec. 1.06, eff. May 30, 2025. Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 756 (S.B. 20), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.021"> <num value="71.021">Sec. 71.021.</num> <heading>VIOLATION OF COURT ORDER ENJOINING ORGANIZED CRIMINAL ACTIVITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.021/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly violates a temporary or permanent order issued under Section 125.065(a) or (b), Civil Practice and Remedies Code.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.021/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>If conduct constituting an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under another section of this code, the actor may be prosecuted under either section or under both sections.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.021/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 584, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1995.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.022"> <num value="71.022">Sec. 71.022.</num> <heading>COERCING, INDUCING, OR SOLICITING MEMBERSHIP IN A CRIMINAL STREET GANG OR FOREIGN TERRORIST ORGANIZATION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.022/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person knowingly causes, enables, encourages, recruits, or solicits another person to become a member of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization which, as a condition of initiation, admission, membership, or continued membership, requires the commission of any conduct which constitutes an offense punishable as a Class A misdemeanor or a felony.</content> <continuation>(a-1) A person commits an offense if, with intent to coerce, induce, or solicit a child to actively participate in the activities of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization, the person:</continuation> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.022/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>threatens the child or a member of the child's family with imminent bodily injury; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.022/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>causes bodily injury to the child or a member of the child's family.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.022/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>Except as provided by Subsection (c), an offense under this section is a felony of the third degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.022/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A second or subsequent offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.022/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.022/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Child" means an individual younger than 17 years of age.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.022/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Family" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.003, Family Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 1555, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1999. Amended by: Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 435 (H.B. 2187), Sec. 2, eff. September 1, 2009. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 462 (S.B. 1900), Sec. 20, eff. September 1, 2023. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 462 (S.B. 1900), Sec. 21, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.023"> <num value="71.023">Sec. 71.023.</num> <heading>DIRECTING ACTIVITIES OF CRIMINAL STREET GANGS OR FOREIGN TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.023/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person, as part of the identifiable leadership of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization, knowingly finances, directs, or supervises the commission of, or a conspiracy to commit, one or more of the following offenses by members of a criminal street gang or foreign terrorist organization:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.023/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>a felony offense that is listed in Article 42A.054(a), Code of Criminal Procedure;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.023/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>a felony offense for which it is shown that a deadly weapon, as defined by Section 1.07, was used or exhibited during the commission of the offense or during immediate flight from the commission of the offense; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.023/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>an offense that is punishable under Section 481.112(e) or (f), 481.1121(b)(4), 481.1123(d), (e), or (f), 481.115(f), or 481.120(b)(6), Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.023/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the first degree punishable by imprisonment in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice for life or for any term of not more than 99 years or less than 25 years.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1130 (H.B. 2086), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009. Amended by: Acts 2013, 83rd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1325 (S.B. 549), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2013. Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 770 (H.B. 2299), Sec. 2.85, eff. January 1, 2017. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 584 (S.B. 768), Sec. 20, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 462 (S.B. 1900), Sec. 22, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028"> <num value="71.028">Sec. 71.028.</num> <heading>GANG-FREE ZONES</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"General residential operation" has the meaning assigned by Section 42.002, Human Resources Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Institution of higher education," "playground," "premises," "school," "video arcade facility," and "youth center" have the meanings assigned by Section 481.134, Health and Safety Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Shopping mall" means an enclosed public walkway or hall area that connects retail, service, or professional establishments.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>This section applies to an offense listed in Section 71.02(a)(1), (4), or (7), other than burglary, theft, burglary of a motor vehicle, or unauthorized use of a motor vehicle.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <chapeau>Except as provided by Subsection (d), the punishment prescribed for an offense described by Subsection (b) is increased to the punishment prescribed for the next highest category of offense if the actor is 17 years of age or older and it is shown beyond a reasonable doubt on the trial of the offense that the actor committed the offense at a location that was:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>in, on, or within 1,000 feet of any:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>real property that is owned, rented, or leased by a school or school board;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>premises owned, rented, or leased by an institution of higher education;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>premises of a public or private youth center;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>playground; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>general residential operation operating as a residential treatment center;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>in, on, or within 300 feet of any:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>shopping mall;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>movie theater;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>premises of a public swimming pool; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>premises of a video arcade facility; or</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>on a school bus.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.028/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <content>The punishment for an offense described by Subsection (b) may not be increased under this section if the offense is punishable under Section 71.02 as a felony of the first degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1130 (H.B. 2086), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009. Amended by: Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 26, eff. September 1, 2021. Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 807 (H.B. 1540), Sec. 27, eff. September 1, 2021.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.029"> <num value="71.029">Sec. 71.029.</num> <heading>MAPS AS EVIDENCE OF LOCATION OR AREA</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.029/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In a prosecution of an offense for which punishment is increased under Section 71.028, a map produced or reproduced by a municipal or county engineer for the purpose of showing the location and boundaries of gang-free zones is admissible in evidence and is prima facie evidence of the location or boundaries of those zones if the governing body of the municipality or county adopts a resolution or ordinance approving the map as an official finding and record of the location or boundaries of those zones.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.029/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>A municipal or county engineer may, on request of the governing body of the municipality or county, revise a map that has been approved by the governing body of the municipality or county as provided by Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.029/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>A municipal or county engineer shall file the original or a copy of every approved or revised map approved as provided by Subsection (a) with the county clerk of each county in which the zone is located.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.029/d"> <num value="d">(d)</num> <chapeau>This section does not prevent the prosecution from:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.029/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>introducing or relying on any other evidence or testimony to establish any element of an offense for which punishment is increased under Section 71.028; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.029/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>using or introducing any other map or diagram otherwise admissible under the Texas Rules of Evidence.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2009, 81st Leg., R.S., Ch. 1130 (H.B. 2086), Sec. 3, eff. September 1, 2009.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.03"> <num value="71.03">Sec. 71.03.</num> <heading>DEFENSES EXCLUDED</heading> <chapeau>It is no defense to prosecution under Section 71.02 that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.03/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>one or more members of the combination are not criminally responsible for the object offense;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.03/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>one or more members of the combination have been acquitted, have not been prosecuted or convicted, have been convicted of a different offense, or are immune from prosecution;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.03/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>a person has been charged with, acquitted, or convicted of any offense listed in Subsection (a) of Section 71.02; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.03/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>once the initial combination of three or more persons is formed there is a change in the number or identity of persons in the combination as long as two or more persons remain in the combination and are involved in a continuing course of conduct constituting an offense under this chapter.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 922, ch. 346, Sec. 1, eff. June 10, 1977. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.04"> <num value="71.04">Sec. 71.04.</num> <heading>TESTIMONIAL IMMUNITY</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A party to an offense under this chapter may be required to furnish evidence or testify about the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>No evidence or testimony required to be furnished under the provisions of this section nor any information directly or indirectly derived from such evidence or testimony may be used against the witness in any criminal case, except a prosecution for aggravated perjury or contempt.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 922, ch. 346, Sec. 1, eff. June 10, 1977. Amended by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.05"> <num value="71.05">Sec. 71.05.</num> <heading>RENUNCIATION DEFENSE</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Section 71.02 that under circumstances manifesting a voluntary and complete renunciation of the actor's criminal objective, the actor withdrew from the combination before commission of an offense listed in Section 71.02(a) and took further affirmative action that prevented the commission of the offense.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>For the purposes of this section and Subsection (d) of Section 71.02, renunciation is not voluntary if it is motivated in whole or in part:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>by circumstances not present or apparent at the inception of the actor's course of conduct that increase the probability of detection or apprehension or that make more difficult the accomplishment of the objective; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>by a decision to postpone the criminal conduct until another time or to transfer the criminal act to another but similar objective or victim.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c71/s71.05/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>Evidence that the defendant withdrew from the combination before commission of an offense listed in Section 71.02(a) and made substantial effort to prevent the commission of an offense listed in Section 71.02(a) shall be admissible as mitigation at the hearing on punishment if the actor has been found guilty under Section 71.02, and in the event of a finding of renunciation under this subsection, the punishment shall be one grade lower than that provided under Section 71.02.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 922, ch. 346, Sec. 1, eff. June 10, 1977. Amended by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 2374, ch. 587, Sec. 4, 5, eff. Sept. 1, 1981; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 761, Sec. 4, eff. Sept. 1, 1993; Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 900, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1994. Amended by: Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1200 (S.B. 158), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2011. Acts 2011, 82nd Leg., R.S., Ch. 1200 (S.B. 158), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2011.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72"> <num value="72">CHAPTER 72.</num> <heading>RACKETEERING AND UNLAWFUL DEBT COLLECTION</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01"> <num value="72.01">Sec. 72.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Enterprise" has the meaning assigned by Section 140B.001, Civil Practice and Remedies Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Money" means funds as defined by Section 34.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Pattern of racketeering" means engaging in at least two incidents of racketeering conduct that have the same or similar intents, results, accomplices, victims, or methods of commission or that otherwise are interrelated by distinguishing characteristics and are not isolated incidents, the last of which occurred not later than the fifth anniversary of the date of a previous incident of racketeering conduct.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <chapeau>"Pecuniary value" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>anything of value in the form of money, a negotiable instrument, or a commercial interest or anything else the primary significance of which is economic advantage; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>any other property or service that has a value in excess of $100.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/5"> <num value="5">(5)</num> <chapeau>"Racketeering" means to commit, to attempt to commit, to conspire to commit, or to solicit, coerce, or intimidate another person to commit:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a felony offense under The Securities Act (Title 12, Government Code);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>an offense under Section 20.03 (kidnapping);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>an offense under Section 20.04 (aggravated kidnapping);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>an offense under Section 20.07 (operation of stash house);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>a felony offense under Chapter 37 (perjury and other falsification);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>a felony offense under Section 38.03 (resisting arrest, search, or transportation);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>a felony offense under Section 38.05 (hindering apprehension or prosecution);</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/H"> <num value="H">(H)</num> <content>a felony offense under Chapter 43 (public indecency); or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/I"> <num value="I">(I)</num> <content>an offense under Section 71.02 (engaging in organized criminal activity).</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/6"> <num value="6">(6)</num> <content>"Real property" has the meaning assigned by Section 140B.001, Civil Practice and Remedies Code.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/7"> <num value="7">(7)</num> <chapeau>"Unlawful debt" means any money or other thing of value constituting principal or interest of a debt that is wholly or partly legally unenforceable in this state because the debt was incurred or contracted:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>in violation of:</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/i"> <num value="i">(i)</num> <chapeau>the Texas Racing Act (Subtitle A-1, Title 13, Occupations Code, and Article 179e, Revised Civil Statutes);</chapeau> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/ii"> <num value="ii">(ii)</num> <content>Subtitle A, Title 4, Finance Code, or Section 11, Article XVI, Texas Constitution, relating to interest and usury, if the usurious rate is at least twice the enforceable rate; or</content> </clause> <clause identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/iii"> <num value="iii">(iii)</num> <content>Chapter 47, relating to gambling; or</content> </clause> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>in gambling activity in violation of federal law or in the business of lending money at a rate usurious under state law if the usurious rate is at least twice the enforceable rate.</content> </subparagraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 885 (H.B. 4635), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.02"> <num value="72.02">Sec. 72.02.</num> <heading>USE OF PROCEEDS DERIVED FROM RACKETEERING OR UNLAWFUL DEBT COLLECTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally uses or invests, whether directly or indirectly, any part of any proceeds knowingly derived, directly or indirectly, from a pattern of racketeering or through the collection of an unlawful debt, or the proceeds derived from the investment or use of those proceeds, in acquiring title to, or any right, interest, or equity in, real property or in the establishment or operation of any enterprise.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.02/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 885 (H.B. 4635), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.03"> <num value="72.03">Sec. 72.03.</num> <heading>ACQUISITION OF INTEREST IN PROPERTY OR CONTROL OF ENTERPRISE THROUGH RACKETEERING OR UNLAWFUL DEBT COLLECTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person, knowingly through a pattern of racketeering or through the collection of an unlawful debt, acquires or maintains, directly or indirectly, any interest in or control of any enterprise or real property.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.03/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 885 (H.B. 4635), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.04"> <num value="72.04">Sec. 72.04.</num> <heading>PARTICIPATION IN ENTERPRISE THROUGH RACKETEERING OR UNLAWFUL DEBT COLLECTION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person is employed by or associated with an enterprise and knowingly conducts or participates, directly or indirectly, in that enterprise through a pattern of racketeering or the collection of an unlawful debt.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.04/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>If conduct that constitutes an offense under this section also constitutes an offense under any other law, the actor may be prosecuted under this section, the other law, or both.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 885 (H.B. 4635), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.05"> <num value="72.05">Sec. 72.05.</num> <heading>ALTERNATIVE FINE</heading> <chapeau>Notwithstanding any other law, a court, after a hearing, may impose a fine, instead of an otherwise applicable fine, on a person convicted of an offense under Section 72.02, 72.03, or 72.04, through which the person derived pecuniary value or by which the person caused personal injury, property damage, or other loss, that does not exceed:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.05/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the greater of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.05/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>three times the gross value gained as a result of the offense; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.05/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>three times the gross loss caused as a result of the offense; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t11/c72/s72.05/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>the amount of the court costs and the reasonably incurred costs of investigation and prosecution.</content> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 885 (H.B. 4635), Sec. 6, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter> <num value="12">TITLE 12.</num> <heading>TERRORISM</heading> <chapter identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76"> <num value="76">CHAPTER 76.</num> <heading>TERRORISTIC OFFENSES</heading> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01"> <num value="76.01">Sec. 76.01.</num> <heading>DEFINITIONS</heading> <chapeau>In this chapter:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>"Material support or resources" means:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>currency or other financial securities;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>financial services;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>instruments of value;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>lodging;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>training;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>safehouses;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>false documentation or identification;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/H"> <num value="H">(H)</num> <content>communications equipment;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/I"> <num value="I">(I)</num> <content>computer equipment;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/J"> <num value="J">(J)</num> <content>software;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/K"> <num value="K">(K)</num> <content>facilities;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/L"> <num value="L">(L)</num> <content>a deadly weapon;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/M"> <num value="M">(M)</num> <content>lethal substances;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/N"> <num value="N">(N)</num> <content>an explosive weapon or components of an explosive weapon, a chemical dispensing device, or a hoax bomb, as those terms are defined by Section 46.01;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/O"> <num value="O">(O)</num> <content>personnel;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/P"> <num value="P">(P)</num> <content>transportation; and</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/Q"> <num value="Q">(Q)</num> <content>other tangible assets, other than medical care provided by a licensed health care provider or religious materials.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>"Training" means teaching or demonstrating directly to another person, either in person or through a writing or by use of a computer or computer network, the use, application, or making of:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>a weapon prohibited by Section 46.05;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>a deadly weapon;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>a component of an explosive weapon, as defined by Section 46.01; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.01/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>an incendiary device capable of causing injury or death to persons.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 935 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02"> <num value="76.02">Sec. 76.02.</num> <heading>TERRORISM</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>commits or conspires to commit an offense under:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>Chapter 19;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>Section 20.02;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>Section 20.03;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>Section 20A.02;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>Section 22.02;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>Section 22.021;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/G"> <num value="G">(G)</num> <content>Section 22.05, if punishable as a felony;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/H"> <num value="H">(H)</num> <content>Section 22.07, if punishable as a felony;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/I"> <num value="I">(I)</num> <content>Section 22.09;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/J"> <num value="J">(J)</num> <content>Section 28.02;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/K"> <num value="K">(K)</num> <content>Section 28.07, if punishable as a felony;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/L"> <num value="L">(L)</num> <content>Section 29.03;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/M"> <num value="M">(M)</num> <content>Section 38.152, if punishable as a felony; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/N"> <num value="N">(N)</num> <content>Section 46.08; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>commits or conspires to commit that offense with the intent to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>intimidate or coerce the public or a substantial group of the public; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>influence, by intimidation or coercion, the policy, conduct, or activities of this state, a political subdivision of this state, or the United States.</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>An offense under this section is one category higher than the most serious offense listed in Subsection (a) that was committed or conspired to be committed, except that:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>if the most serious offense is a Class A misdemeanor, the offense under this section is a Class A misdemeanor with a minimum term of confinement of 180 days; and</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.02/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>if the most serious offense is a felony of the first degree, the offense under this section is a felony of the first degree with a minimum term of confinement of 15 years.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 935 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.03"> <num value="76.03">Sec. 76.03.</num> <heading>AIDING IN COMMISSION OF TERRORISM</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.03/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>A person commits an offense if the person intentionally raises, solicits, collects, or provides material support or resources with intent or knowledge that the material support or resources will be used, wholly or partly, to solicit, direct, supervise, plan, prepare, promote, carry out, assist, or aid in committing an offense under Section 76.02.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.03/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is of the same degree as the offense under Section 76.02 that the person aided.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 935 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.04"> <num value="76.04">Sec. 76.04.</num> <heading>HINDERING PROSECUTION OF TERRORISM</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.04/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, with intent to hinder the arrest, prosecution, conviction, or punishment of another for an offense under Section 76.02 or 76.03, the person:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.04/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>harbors or conceals the other;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.04/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>provides or aids in providing the other with any means of avoiding arrest or effecting escape;</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.04/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>warns the other of impending discovery or apprehension; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.04/4"> <num value="4">(4)</num> <content>tampers with any physical evidence that might aid in the discovery or apprehension of the other.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.04/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>An offense under this section is of the same degree as the offense under Section 76.02 or 76.03 for which the person committed the act described by Subsection (a).</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 935 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045"> <num value="76.045">Sec. 76.045.</num> <heading>TRANSNATIONAL REPRESSION</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <chapeau>In this section:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>"Agent of a foreign government or foreign terrorist organization" means a person acting on behalf of or otherwise employed or controlled by a foreign government or foreign terrorist organization.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>"Foreign terrorist organization" has the meaning assigned by Section 71.01.</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>"Protected conduct" means any speech or expressive conduct protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution or by Section 8, Article I, Texas Constitution.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <chapeau>the person commits or conspires to commit an offense under:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>Section 20A.02;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>Section 22.01;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>Section 22.02;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>Section 42.07;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/E"> <num value="E">(E)</num> <content>Section 42.072; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/F"> <num value="F">(F)</num> <content>Section 43.05;</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <chapeau>the person commits or conspires to commit an offense described by Subdivision (1) with the intent to:</chapeau> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/A"> <num value="A">(A)</num> <content>cause another person to act on behalf of a foreign government or a foreign terrorist organization;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/B"> <num value="B">(B)</num> <content>cause another person to leave or be confined in the United States;</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/C"> <num value="C">(C)</num> <content>discourage another person from engaging in protected conduct; or</content> </subparagraph> <subparagraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/D"> <num value="D">(D)</num> <content>retaliate against another person for engaging in protected conduct; and</content> </subparagraph> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/3"> <num value="3">(3)</num> <content>the person commits or conspires to commit that offense as an agent of a foreign government or foreign terrorist organization.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.045/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is one category higher than the most serious offense listed in Subsection (b)(1) that was committed or conspired to be committed, except that if the most serious offense is a felony of the first degree, the offense under this section is a felony of the first degree with a minimum term of confinement of 15 years.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 149 (S.B. 1349), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.046"> <num value="76.046">Sec. 76.046.</num> <heading>UNAUTHORIZED ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN LAW</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.046/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>In this section, "agent of a foreign government or foreign terrorist organization" has the meaning assigned by Section 76.045.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.046/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <chapeau>A person commits an offense if, as an agent of a foreign government or foreign terrorist organization, the person, without the approval of this state or the United States:</chapeau> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.046/1"> <num value="1">(1)</num> <content>prevents another person in this state from violating the laws of a foreign government; or</content> </paragraph> <paragraph identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.046/2"> <num value="2">(2)</num> <content>detects, investigates, monitors, or surveilles another person in this state for the purpose of preventing the other person from violating the laws of a foreign government.</content> </paragraph> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.046/c"> <num value="c">(c)</num> <content>An offense under this section is a felony of the second degree.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2025, 89th Leg., R.S., Ch. 149 (S.B. 1349), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2025.</sourceCredit> </section> <section identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.05"> <num value="76.05">Sec. 76.05.</num> <heading>ASSISTANCE BY ATTORNEY GENERAL</heading> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.05/a"> <num value="a">(a)</num> <content>The attorney general, if requested to do so by the attorney representing the state, may assist the attorney representing the state in the investigation or prosecution of an offense under this chapter.</content> </subsection> <subsection identifier="/us/tx/pe/t12/c76/s76.05/b"> <num value="b">(b)</num> <content>The attorney general shall designate one individual in the division of the attorney general's office that assists in the prosecution of criminal cases to coordinate responses to requests to assist in prosecution made under this section.</content> </subsection> <sourceCredit>Added by Acts 2023, 88th Leg., R.S., Ch. 935 (S.B. 1518), Sec. 5, eff. September 1, 2023.</sourceCredit> </section> </chapter>