    HEALTH AND SAFETY CODE
    TITLE 7. MENTAL HEALTH AND INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY
    SUBTITLE C. TEXAS MENTAL HEALTH CODE
    CHAPTER 578. ELECTROCONVULSIVE AND OTHER THERAPIES
    Sec. 578.001.  APPLICATION.  This chapter applies to the use of electroconvulsive therapy by any person, including a private physician who uses the therapy on an outpatient basis.
    Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 705, Sec. 5.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.

    Sec. 578.002.  USE OF ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY.  (a)  Electroconvulsive therapy may not be used on a person who is younger than 16 years of age.(b)  Unless the person consents to the use of the therapy in accordance with Section 578.003, electroconvulsive therapy may not be used on:(1)  a person who is 16 years of age or older and who is voluntarily receiving mental health services;  or(2)  an involuntary patient who is 16 years of age or older and who has not been adjudicated by an appropriate court of law as incompetent to manage the patient's personal affairs.(c)  Electroconvulsive therapy may not be used on an involuntary patient who is 16 years of age or older and who has been adjudicated incompetent to manage the patient's personal affairs unless the patient's guardian of the person consents to the treatment in accordance with Section 578.003.  The decision of the guardian must be based on knowledge of what the patient would desire, if known.
    Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 705, Sec. 5.01.

    Sec. 578.003.  CONSENT TO THERAPY.  (a)  The executive commissioner by rule shall adopt a standard written consent form to be used when electroconvulsive therapy is considered.  The executive commissioner by rule shall also prescribe the information that must be contained in the written supplement required under Subsection (c).  In addition to the information required under this section, the form must include the information required by the Texas Medical Disclosure Panel for electroconvulsive therapy.  In developing the form, the executive commissioner shall consider recommendations of the panel.  Use of the consent form prescribed by the executive commissioner in the manner prescribed by this section creates a rebuttable presumption that the disclosure requirements of Sections 74.104 and 74.105, Civil Practice and Remedies Code, have been met.(b)  The written consent form must clearly and explicitly state:(1)  the nature and purpose of the procedure;(2)  the nature, degree, duration, and probability of the side effects and significant risks of the treatment commonly known by the medical profession, especially noting the possible degree and duration of memory loss, the possibility of permanent irrevocable memory loss, and the possibility of death;(3)  that there is a division of opinion as to the efficacy of the procedure;  and(4)  the probable degree and duration of improvement or remission expected with or without the procedure.(c)  Before a patient receives each electroconvulsive treatment, the hospital, facility, or physician administering the therapy shall ensure that:(1)  the patient and the patient's guardian of the person, if any, receives a written copy of the consent form that is in the person's primary language, if possible;(2)  the patient and the patient's guardian of the person, if any, receives a written supplement that contains related information that pertains to the particular patient being treated;(3)  the contents of the consent form and the written supplement are explained to the patient and the patient's guardian of the person, if any:(A)  orally, in simple, nontechnical terms in the person's primary language, if possible;  or(B)  through the use of a means reasonably calculated to communicate with a hearing impaired or visually impaired person, if applicable;(4)  the patient or the patient's guardian of the person, as appropriate, signs a copy of the consent form stating that the person has read the consent form and the written supplement and understands the information included in the documents;  and(5)  the signed copy of the consent form is made a part of the patient's clinical record.(d)  Consent given under this section is not valid unless the person giving the consent understands the information presented and consents voluntarily and without coercion or undue influence.(e)  For a patient 65 years of age or older, before each treatment series begins, the hospital, facility, or physician administering the procedure shall:(1)  ensure that two physicians have signed an appropriate form that states the procedure is medically necessary;(2)  make the form described by Subdivision (1) available to the patient or the patient's guardian of the person;  and(3)  inform the patient or the patient's guardian of the person of any known current medical condition that may increase the possibility of injury or death as a result of the treatment.
    Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 705, Sec. 5.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.  Amended by Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1323, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.Amended by: Acts 2005, 79th Leg., Ch. 137 (H.B. 740), Sec. 1, eff. September 1, 2005.Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 219), Sec. 3.1397, eff. April 2, 2015.

    Sec. 578.004.  WITHDRAWAL OF CONSENT.  (a)  A patient or guardian who consents to the administration of electroconvulsive therapy may revoke the consent for any reason and at any time.(b)  Revocation of consent is effective immediately.
    Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 705, Sec. 5.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.

    Sec. 578.005.  PHYSICIAN REQUIREMENT.  (a)  Only a physician may administer electroconvulsive therapy.(b)  A physician may not delegate the act of administering the therapy.  A nonphysician who administers electroconvulsive therapy is considered to be practicing medicine in violation of Subtitle B, Title 3, Occupations Code.
    Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 705, Sec. 5.01, eff. Aug. 30, 1993.  Amended by Acts 2001, 77th Leg., ch. 1420, Sec. 14.805, eff. Sept. 1, 2001.

    Sec. 578.006.  REGISTRATION OF EQUIPMENT.  (a)  A person may not administer electroconvulsive therapy unless the equipment used to administer the therapy is registered with the department.(b)  A mental hospital or facility administering electroconvulsive therapy or a private physician administering the therapy on an outpatient basis must file an application for registration under this section.  The applicant must submit the application to the department on a form prescribed by department rule.(c)  The application must be accompanied by a nonrefundable application fee.  The executive commissioner by rule shall set the fee in a reasonable amount not to exceed the cost to the department to administer this section.(d)  The application must contain:(1)  the model, manufacturer, and age of each piece of equipment used to administer the therapy; and(2)  any other information required by department rule.(e)  The department may conduct an investigation as considered necessary after receiving the proper application and the required fee.(f)  The executive commissioner by rule may prohibit the registration and use of equipment of a type, model, or age the executive commissioner determines is dangerous.(g)  The department may deny, suspend, or revoke a registration if the department determines that the equipment is dangerous.  The denial, suspension, or revocation of a registration is a contested case under Chapter 2001, Government Code.
    Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 705, Sec. 5.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.  Amended by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 5.95(49), eff. Sept. 1, 1995.Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 219), Sec. 3.1398, eff. April 2, 2015.

    Sec. 578.007.  REPORTS.  (a)  A mental hospital or facility administering electroconvulsive therapy, psychosurgery, pre-frontal sonic sound treatment, or any other convulsive or coma-producing therapy administered to treat mental illness or a physician administering the therapy on an outpatient basis shall submit to the department quarterly reports relating to the administration of the therapy in the hospital or facility or by the physician.(b)  A report must state for each quarter:(1)  the number of patients who received the therapy, including:(A)  the number of persons voluntarily receiving mental health services who consented to the therapy;(B)  the number of involuntary patients who consented to the therapy; and(C)  the number of involuntary patients for whom a guardian of the person consented to the therapy;(2)  the age, sex, and race of the persons receiving the therapy;(3)  the source of the treatment payment;(4)  the average number of nonelectroconvulsive treatments;(5)  the average number of electroconvulsive treatments administered for each complete series of treatments, but not including maintenance treatments;(6)  the average number of maintenance electroconvulsive treatments administered per month;(7)  the number of fractures, reported memory losses, incidents of apnea, and cardiac arrests without death;(8)  autopsy findings if death followed within 14 days after the date of the administration of the therapy; and(9)  any other information required by department rule.
    Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 705, Sec. 5.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.Amended by: Acts 2015, 84th Leg., R.S., Ch. 1 (S.B. 219), Sec. 3.1399, eff. April 2, 2015.

    Sec. 578.008.  USE OF INFORMATION.  The department shall use the information received under Sections 578.006 and 578.007 to analyze, audit, and monitor the use of electroconvulsive therapy, psychosurgery, pre-frontal sonic sound treatment, or any other convulsive or coma-producing therapy administered to treat mental illness.
    Added by Acts 1993, 73rd Leg., ch. 705, Sec. 5.01, eff. Sept. 1, 1993.Amended by: Acts 2021, 87th Leg., R.S., Ch. 856 (S.B. 800), Sec. 17, eff. September 1, 2021.